BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)may increase the risk of future intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.However,It is unclear whether antiplatelet medication is associated with CMBs.This study aimed to inves...BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)may increase the risk of future intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.However,It is unclear whether antiplatelet medication is associated with CMBs.This study aimed to investigate the association between antiplatelet medication and CMBs in a community-based stroke-free population.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,stroke-free participants aged 18-85 years were recruited from a community in Beijing,China.Demographic,clinical,and antiplatelet medication data were collected through a questionnaire,and all participants underwent blood tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T.The presence,count,and location of CMBs were evaluated using susceptibility-weighted imaging.The association between antiplatelet medication and the presence of CMBs was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.The associations between antiplatelet medication and CMBs by location(lobar,deep brain or infratentorial,and mixed regions)were also analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.A linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between antiplatelet medication and the log-transformed number of CMBs.RESULTS Of the 544 participants(mean age:58.65±13.66 years,217 males),119 participants(21.88%)had CMBs,and 64 participants(11.76%)used antiplatelet medication.Antiplatelet medication was found to be associated with CMBs at any location[odds ratio(OR)=2.39,95%CI:1.24-4.58]and lobar region(OR=2.83,95%CI:1.36-5.86),but not with the number of CMBs(β=0.14,95%CI:-0.21-0.48).Among antiplatelet medications,aspirin use was found to be associated with any CMB(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.49-6.72)and lobar CMBs(OR=3.61,95%CI:1.57-8.26).CONCLUSIONS Antiplatelet medication was associated with CMBs in stroke-free participants,particularly lobar CMBs.Among antiplatelet medications,aspirin use was associated with any CMB and lobar CMBs.Our findings suggest that it might be essential to optimize the management of antiplatelet medication in the stroke-free population with a higher burden of vascular risk factors to reduce the potential risk of CMBs.展开更多
Background:Our previous study shows that the empirical formula of Chinese medicine Jianpi-yangwei decoction(JYD)can improve the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy by increasing ben...Background:Our previous study shows that the empirical formula of Chinese medicine Jianpi-yangwei decoction(JYD)can improve the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy by increasing beneficial gut bacteria and decreasing harmful bacteria.The present study aims to investigate the effect of JYD on gut fungi in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 73 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy were recruited.Twenty-nine patients in the chemotherapy group were given standard chemotherapy and 44 patients in the observation group were given JYD plus standard chemotherapy.A control group(55 cases)was recruited from the healthy medical examiners.After 3 months of treatment,life-quality score was evaluated and fecal microbiota was tested by high-throughput sequencing based on the 18S rRNA gene.Results:After treatment,life-quality score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the observation and control groups’diversity and richness indices of intestinal fungi.The Chao index for intestinal fungi in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that in the observation group(P<0.05).There was a significant difference between the control and chemotherapy groups in the intestinal fungi according to Shannon and Simpson indices(P<0.05).Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups,but significant difference in intestinal fungi was observed between the observation group and the chemotherapy group.At the genus level,the relative abundance of the Aspergillus genus in the observation and control groups was significantly lower(P<0.05),the relative abundance of the Cutaneotrichosporon,Galactomyces,and Ganoderma genus taxa was significantly higher compared with those in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the observation group and control group.Conclusion:JYD can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced fungal dysbacteriosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of patients.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the gray-scale ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)features of metanephric adenoma(MA)to improve our understanding and diagnostic accuracy.Methods:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound fin...Objective:To investigate the gray-scale ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)features of metanephric adenoma(MA)to improve our understanding and diagnostic accuracy.Methods:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings and clinical data of a patient with MA are reported.Results:The possibility of renal malignancy was considered after CEUS and computed tomography.A left renal nephron-sparing operation was performed using an endoscope,and MA was confirmed via surgical pathology.Conclusion:Preoperative diagnosis of MA is difficult because of atypical imaging findings.The possibility of MA should be considered when a renal mass is found,and CEUS shows a“slow-in,fast-out”enhancement pattern.展开更多
The influence of the off-resonant circularly polarized light on the Josephson current in the time-reversal broken superconducting Weyl semimetal junctions is investigated by using the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation an...The influence of the off-resonant circularly polarized light on the Josephson current in the time-reversal broken superconducting Weyl semimetal junctions is investigated by using the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation and the transfer matrix approach.Both the zero momentum BCS pairing states and the finite momentum Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov(FFLO)pairing states are considered for the Weyl superconductors.When a circularly polarized light is applied,it is shown that the current phase relation remains unchanged for the BCS pairing with the increasing of incident radiation intensity A_(0).For FFLO pairing,the Josephson current exhibits the 0–πtransition and periodic oscillation as a function of A_(0).The dependence of free energy and critical current on A_(0) are also investigated.展开更多
The Andreev-like levels and the free energy of the spin superconductor/insulator/spin superconductor junction are obtained by using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. The phase dependence of the spin supercurrents exh...The Andreev-like levels and the free energy of the spin superconductor/insulator/spin superconductor junction are obtained by using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. The phase dependence of the spin supercurrents exhibits a 0-π transition by changing the barrier strength. The dependences of the critical current on the barrier strength and the temperature are also presented.展开更多
In this paper, we present an algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP) by using a penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter. First, the penalty fu...In this paper, we present an algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP) by using a penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter. First, the penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter for MP and the corresponding unconstraint penalty optimization problem (UPOP) is defined. Under some conditions, a Pareto efficient solution (or a weakly-efficient solution) to UPOP is proved to be a Pareto efficient solution (or a weakly-efficient solution) to MP. The penalty function is proved to be exact under a stable condition. Then, we design an algorithm to solve MP and prove its convergence. Finally, numerical examples show that the algorithm may help decision makers to find a satisfactory solution to MP.展开更多
By using the penalty function method with objective parameters, the paper presents an interactive algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP). The MP is transformed into a single obj...By using the penalty function method with objective parameters, the paper presents an interactive algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP). The MP is transformed into a single objective optimal problem (SOOP) with inequality constrains;and it is proved that, under some conditions, an optimal solution to SOOP is a Pareto efficient solution to MP. Then, an interactive algorithm of MP is designed accordingly. Numerical examples show that the algorithm can find a satisfactory solution to MP with objective weight value adjusted by decision maker.展开更多
With the advancement of modern communication technology and military detection technology,there is an urgent need to develop lightweight,flexible,multifunctional composites that integrate efficient infrared(IR)stealth...With the advancement of modern communication technology and military detection technology,there is an urgent need to develop lightweight,flexible,multifunctional composites that integrate efficient infrared(IR)stealth,electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,and Joule thermal properties.Nevertheless,the preparation of multifunctional composites with the above properties remains challenging.Herein,multifunctional aerogel films were designed through potassium ionic cross-linking of MXene and aramid nanofiber(ANF),forming an enhanced interpenetrating double-network ANF/MXene-K^(+)(AMK)aerogel.The aerogel film possesses extremely low infrared emissivity(~0.097),reducing radiation temperature by more than 89.7%with 9.2 MPa tensile strength.Furthermore,the film exhibits excellent Joule heating performance,including low driving voltage(1.0 V),fast thermal response(<12.0 s),and long-term stability.Concurrently,the interpenetrating double-network structure of potassium ion-induced self-assembly of MXene nanosheets enabled AMK to demonstrate enhanced electromagnetic shielding(72.4 dB).Overall,this work provides a promising solution for fabricating multifunctional materials and demonstrates their potential in adaptive thermal camouflage systems,next-generation wearable thermal management,and EMI shielding of electronic devices.展开更多
Buildings contribute to almost 30%of total energy consumption worldwide.Developing building energy modeling programs is of great significance for lifecycle building performance assessment and optimization.Advances in ...Buildings contribute to almost 30%of total energy consumption worldwide.Developing building energy modeling programs is of great significance for lifecycle building performance assessment and optimization.Advances in novel building technologies,the requirements of high-performance computation,and the demands for multi-objective models have brought new challenges for building energy modeling software and platforms.To meet the increasing simulation demands,DeST 3.0,a new-generation building performance simulation platform,was developed and released.The structure of DeST 3.0 incorporates four simulation engines,including building analysis and simulation(BAS)engine,HVAC system engine,combined plant simulation(CPS)engine,and energy system(ES)engine,connected by air loop and water loop balancing iterations.DeST 3.0 offers numerous new simulation features,such as advanced simulation modules for building envelopes,occupant behavior and energy systems,cross-platform and compatible simulation kernel,FMI/FMU-based co-simulation functionalities,and high-performance parallel simulation architecture.DeST 3.0 has been thoroughly evaluated and validated using code verification,inter-program comparison,and case-study calibration.DeST 3.0 has been applied in various aspects throughout the building lifecycle,supporting building design,operation,retrofit analysis,code appliance,technology adaptability evaluation as well as research and education.The new generation building simulation platform DeST 3.0 provides an efficient tool and comprehensive simulation platform for lifecycle building performance analysis and optimization.展开更多
Lysine succinylation is a naturally occurring post-translational modification(PTM)that regulates the stability and function of proteins.It can be regulated by enzymes such as SIRT5 and SIRT7.Recently,the effect and si...Lysine succinylation is a naturally occurring post-translational modification(PTM)that regulates the stability and function of proteins.It can be regulated by enzymes such as SIRT5 and SIRT7.Recently,the effect and significance of lysine succinylation in cancer and its implication in immunity have been extensively explored.Lysine succinylation is involved in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells.Abnormal regulation of lysine succinylation occurs in different cancers,and inhibitors targeting lysine succinylation regulatory enzymes can be used as potential anti-cancer strategies.Therefore,this review focused on the target protein lysine succinylation and its functions in cancer and immunity,in order to provide a reference for finding more potential clinical cancer targets in the future.展开更多
Background:Vaccination is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus(HlV)-exposed children because of their increased risk of morbidity and mortality from various vaccine-preventable diseases.However,studies have shown ...Background:Vaccination is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus(HlV)-exposed children because of their increased risk of morbidity and mortality from various vaccine-preventable diseases.However,studies have shown that they are at high risk of incomplete vaccination.Although China has developed prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of HIV programs substantially over the past decades,few studies have investigated the immunization levels of Chinese HIV-exposed children.Therefore,we aimed to evaluate vaccination coverage and its associated factors among HIV-exposed children in China during 2016-2018.展开更多
In order to rapidly clear a fault in all-parallel autotransformer(AT)railway system,the existing protection scheme trips both faulted line and healthy line.To solve this problem,a novel unit protection scheme is propo...In order to rapidly clear a fault in all-parallel autotransformer(AT)railway system,the existing protection scheme trips both faulted line and healthy line.To solve this problem,a novel unit protection scheme is proposed in this paper.From fault characteristics measured at substation(SS),AT station(ATS)and section post(SP),we can observe that SS protective relays can detect all the faults but could not be selective,and ATS or SP relays can discriminate the faulted line but not sensitively enough;therefore,we make full use of the fault characteristics and propose a novel unit protection scheme.We employ directional distance protections at SS,ATS and SP,and unify them with networked inter-tripping signals and interlocking signals.When a forward distance protection detects a fault and does not receive inter-locking signals from reverse distance protections of other relays in a short setting time,it will trip the relevant circuit breaker and send an inter-tripping signal to other relays in the same protection unit.Field test results show the proposed scheme trips only the faulted line rapidly and never interrupts the power supply of healthy lines;therefore,the proposed protection scheme obtains both selectivity and speed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFC 1307702)the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2020-1-2041).
文摘BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)may increase the risk of future intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.However,It is unclear whether antiplatelet medication is associated with CMBs.This study aimed to investigate the association between antiplatelet medication and CMBs in a community-based stroke-free population.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,stroke-free participants aged 18-85 years were recruited from a community in Beijing,China.Demographic,clinical,and antiplatelet medication data were collected through a questionnaire,and all participants underwent blood tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T.The presence,count,and location of CMBs were evaluated using susceptibility-weighted imaging.The association between antiplatelet medication and the presence of CMBs was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.The associations between antiplatelet medication and CMBs by location(lobar,deep brain or infratentorial,and mixed regions)were also analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.A linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between antiplatelet medication and the log-transformed number of CMBs.RESULTS Of the 544 participants(mean age:58.65±13.66 years,217 males),119 participants(21.88%)had CMBs,and 64 participants(11.76%)used antiplatelet medication.Antiplatelet medication was found to be associated with CMBs at any location[odds ratio(OR)=2.39,95%CI:1.24-4.58]and lobar region(OR=2.83,95%CI:1.36-5.86),but not with the number of CMBs(β=0.14,95%CI:-0.21-0.48).Among antiplatelet medications,aspirin use was found to be associated with any CMB(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.49-6.72)and lobar CMBs(OR=3.61,95%CI:1.57-8.26).CONCLUSIONS Antiplatelet medication was associated with CMBs in stroke-free participants,particularly lobar CMBs.Among antiplatelet medications,aspirin use was associated with any CMB and lobar CMBs.Our findings suggest that it might be essential to optimize the management of antiplatelet medication in the stroke-free population with a higher burden of vascular risk factors to reduce the potential risk of CMBs.
基金The present work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473458)Project of Clinical Scientific Research of Medicine State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.JDZX2015091).
文摘Background:Our previous study shows that the empirical formula of Chinese medicine Jianpi-yangwei decoction(JYD)can improve the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy by increasing beneficial gut bacteria and decreasing harmful bacteria.The present study aims to investigate the effect of JYD on gut fungi in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 73 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy were recruited.Twenty-nine patients in the chemotherapy group were given standard chemotherapy and 44 patients in the observation group were given JYD plus standard chemotherapy.A control group(55 cases)was recruited from the healthy medical examiners.After 3 months of treatment,life-quality score was evaluated and fecal microbiota was tested by high-throughput sequencing based on the 18S rRNA gene.Results:After treatment,life-quality score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the observation and control groups’diversity and richness indices of intestinal fungi.The Chao index for intestinal fungi in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that in the observation group(P<0.05).There was a significant difference between the control and chemotherapy groups in the intestinal fungi according to Shannon and Simpson indices(P<0.05).Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups,but significant difference in intestinal fungi was observed between the observation group and the chemotherapy group.At the genus level,the relative abundance of the Aspergillus genus in the observation and control groups was significantly lower(P<0.05),the relative abundance of the Cutaneotrichosporon,Galactomyces,and Ganoderma genus taxa was significantly higher compared with those in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the observation group and control group.Conclusion:JYD can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced fungal dysbacteriosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of patients.
文摘Objective:To investigate the gray-scale ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)features of metanephric adenoma(MA)to improve our understanding and diagnostic accuracy.Methods:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings and clinical data of a patient with MA are reported.Results:The possibility of renal malignancy was considered after CEUS and computed tomography.A left renal nephron-sparing operation was performed using an endoscope,and MA was confirmed via surgical pathology.Conclusion:Preoperative diagnosis of MA is difficult because of atypical imaging findings.The possibility of MA should be considered when a renal mass is found,and CEUS shows a“slow-in,fast-out”enhancement pattern.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11474149)。
文摘The influence of the off-resonant circularly polarized light on the Josephson current in the time-reversal broken superconducting Weyl semimetal junctions is investigated by using the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation and the transfer matrix approach.Both the zero momentum BCS pairing states and the finite momentum Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov(FFLO)pairing states are considered for the Weyl superconductors.When a circularly polarized light is applied,it is shown that the current phase relation remains unchanged for the BCS pairing with the increasing of incident radiation intensity A_(0).For FFLO pairing,the Josephson current exhibits the 0–πtransition and periodic oscillation as a function of A_(0).The dependence of free energy and critical current on A_(0) are also investigated.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11474149)
文摘The Andreev-like levels and the free energy of the spin superconductor/insulator/spin superconductor junction are obtained by using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. The phase dependence of the spin supercurrents exhibits a 0-π transition by changing the barrier strength. The dependences of the critical current on the barrier strength and the temperature are also presented.
文摘In this paper, we present an algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP) by using a penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter. First, the penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter for MP and the corresponding unconstraint penalty optimization problem (UPOP) is defined. Under some conditions, a Pareto efficient solution (or a weakly-efficient solution) to UPOP is proved to be a Pareto efficient solution (or a weakly-efficient solution) to MP. The penalty function is proved to be exact under a stable condition. Then, we design an algorithm to solve MP and prove its convergence. Finally, numerical examples show that the algorithm may help decision makers to find a satisfactory solution to MP.
文摘By using the penalty function method with objective parameters, the paper presents an interactive algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP). The MP is transformed into a single objective optimal problem (SOOP) with inequality constrains;and it is proved that, under some conditions, an optimal solution to SOOP is a Pareto efficient solution to MP. Then, an interactive algorithm of MP is designed accordingly. Numerical examples show that the algorithm can find a satisfactory solution to MP with objective weight value adjusted by decision maker.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173036).
文摘With the advancement of modern communication technology and military detection technology,there is an urgent need to develop lightweight,flexible,multifunctional composites that integrate efficient infrared(IR)stealth,electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,and Joule thermal properties.Nevertheless,the preparation of multifunctional composites with the above properties remains challenging.Herein,multifunctional aerogel films were designed through potassium ionic cross-linking of MXene and aramid nanofiber(ANF),forming an enhanced interpenetrating double-network ANF/MXene-K^(+)(AMK)aerogel.The aerogel film possesses extremely low infrared emissivity(~0.097),reducing radiation temperature by more than 89.7%with 9.2 MPa tensile strength.Furthermore,the film exhibits excellent Joule heating performance,including low driving voltage(1.0 V),fast thermal response(<12.0 s),and long-term stability.Concurrently,the interpenetrating double-network structure of potassium ion-induced self-assembly of MXene nanosheets enabled AMK to demonstrate enhanced electromagnetic shielding(72.4 dB).Overall,this work provides a promising solution for fabricating multifunctional materials and demonstrates their potential in adaptive thermal camouflage systems,next-generation wearable thermal management,and EMI shielding of electronic devices.
基金supported by the“13th Five-Year”National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0702200)。
文摘Buildings contribute to almost 30%of total energy consumption worldwide.Developing building energy modeling programs is of great significance for lifecycle building performance assessment and optimization.Advances in novel building technologies,the requirements of high-performance computation,and the demands for multi-objective models have brought new challenges for building energy modeling software and platforms.To meet the increasing simulation demands,DeST 3.0,a new-generation building performance simulation platform,was developed and released.The structure of DeST 3.0 incorporates four simulation engines,including building analysis and simulation(BAS)engine,HVAC system engine,combined plant simulation(CPS)engine,and energy system(ES)engine,connected by air loop and water loop balancing iterations.DeST 3.0 offers numerous new simulation features,such as advanced simulation modules for building envelopes,occupant behavior and energy systems,cross-platform and compatible simulation kernel,FMI/FMU-based co-simulation functionalities,and high-performance parallel simulation architecture.DeST 3.0 has been thoroughly evaluated and validated using code verification,inter-program comparison,and case-study calibration.DeST 3.0 has been applied in various aspects throughout the building lifecycle,supporting building design,operation,retrofit analysis,code appliance,technology adaptability evaluation as well as research and education.The new generation building simulation platform DeST 3.0 provides an efficient tool and comprehensive simulation platform for lifecycle building performance analysis and optimization.
基金supported by Youth Wan Jiang Scholar of Anhui Province,China(No.DT2100001172)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation(China)(No.Y-HR2020MS-0156).
文摘Lysine succinylation is a naturally occurring post-translational modification(PTM)that regulates the stability and function of proteins.It can be regulated by enzymes such as SIRT5 and SIRT7.Recently,the effect and significance of lysine succinylation in cancer and its implication in immunity have been extensively explored.Lysine succinylation is involved in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells.Abnormal regulation of lysine succinylation occurs in different cancers,and inhibitors targeting lysine succinylation regulatory enzymes can be used as potential anti-cancer strategies.Therefore,this review focused on the target protein lysine succinylation and its functions in cancer and immunity,in order to provide a reference for finding more potential clinical cancer targets in the future.
文摘Background:Vaccination is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus(HlV)-exposed children because of their increased risk of morbidity and mortality from various vaccine-preventable diseases.However,studies have shown that they are at high risk of incomplete vaccination.Although China has developed prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of HIV programs substantially over the past decades,few studies have investigated the immunization levels of Chinese HIV-exposed children.Therefore,we aimed to evaluate vaccination coverage and its associated factors among HIV-exposed children in China during 2016-2018.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52177116,51777174in part by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2023JDRC0002.
文摘In order to rapidly clear a fault in all-parallel autotransformer(AT)railway system,the existing protection scheme trips both faulted line and healthy line.To solve this problem,a novel unit protection scheme is proposed in this paper.From fault characteristics measured at substation(SS),AT station(ATS)and section post(SP),we can observe that SS protective relays can detect all the faults but could not be selective,and ATS or SP relays can discriminate the faulted line but not sensitively enough;therefore,we make full use of the fault characteristics and propose a novel unit protection scheme.We employ directional distance protections at SS,ATS and SP,and unify them with networked inter-tripping signals and interlocking signals.When a forward distance protection detects a fault and does not receive inter-locking signals from reverse distance protections of other relays in a short setting time,it will trip the relevant circuit breaker and send an inter-tripping signal to other relays in the same protection unit.Field test results show the proposed scheme trips only the faulted line rapidly and never interrupts the power supply of healthy lines;therefore,the proposed protection scheme obtains both selectivity and speed.
