Background:Studies have shown that heart rate variability(HRV)is a predictor of the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.Contact heartbeat monitoring equipment is widely used,especially in hospitals,and benefits from ...Background:Studies have shown that heart rate variability(HRV)is a predictor of the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.Contact heartbeat monitoring equipment is widely used,especially in hospitals,and benefits from the rapidity and accuracy of the detection of physiological health indicators.However,long-term contact with equipment has many adverse effects.The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of HRV detection via noncontact equipment,thus enabling HRV to be assessed in various scenarios.Methods:A novel deep learning approach was proposed for measuring heartbeats through camera videos.First,we performed facial segmentation and divided the face into 16 grid cells with different light balance scores.After the trend is filtered by the Hamming window,a transformer-based neural network is used to further filter the signal.Finally,heart rate(HR)and HRV are estimated.Results:We used 1 million synthetic data points for pretraining and a public dataset in combination with a dataset that we constructed for task training.The final results were obtained on a test dataset that we constructed.The accuracy for HR with a low light balance score(0.867-0.983)was greater than that with a high score(0.667-0.750).Our method had higher accuracy in estimating HR than traditional filtering methods(0.167-0.417)and state-of-the-art neural network filtering methods(0.783-0.917)did.The root mean square error of the HRV from the time domain was the lowest,and the correlation index score was the highest for the HRV from the frequency domain estimated by our method compared with those estimated by two neural networks.Conclusions:Light balance,large sample training,and two-stage training can improve the accuracy of HRV estimation.展开更多
This paper introduces federated services as a smart service ecology with federated security to align distributed data supply with diversified service demands spanning digital and societal contexts.It presents the comp...This paper introduces federated services as a smart service ecology with federated security to align distributed data supply with diversified service demands spanning digital and societal contexts.It presents the comprehensive researches on the theoretical foundation and technical system of federated services,aiming at advancing our understanding and implementation of this novel service paradigm.First,a thorough examination of the characteristics of federated security within federated services is conducted.Then,a five-layer technical framework is formulated under a decentralized intelligent architecture,ensuring secure,agile,and adaptable service provision.On this basis,the operational mechanisms underlying data federation and service confederation is analyzed,with emphasis on the smart supply-demand matching model.Furthermore,a scenario-oriented taxonomy of federated services accompanied by illustrative examples is proposed.Our work offers actionable insights and roadmap for realizing and advancing federated services,contributing to the refinement and wider adoption of this transformative service paradigm in the digital era.展开更多
The impact of mother-infant microbiota on neurodevelopment is an area of interest,but longitudinal studies are scarce.Using a cohort of 520 families from the Jiangsu birth cohort in China,we reveal that the maternal g...The impact of mother-infant microbiota on neurodevelopment is an area of interest,but longitudinal studies are scarce.Using a cohort of 520 families from the Jiangsu birth cohort in China,we reveal that the maternal gut microbiota during early pregnancy play a substantial role,accounting for 3.34%of the variance in offspring neurodevelopmental scores.This contribution is notably higher than the 1.24%attributed to the infants’own microbiota at 1 year of age,underscoring the significant influence of maternal gut health on early child development.Remarkably,an elevation in maternal Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum is linked to decreased cognitive scores,whereas an enrichment of Bifidobacterium longum at 1 year of age is associated with higher cognitive scores.Furthermore,we find that maternal B.pseudocatenulatum is linked to the heterolactic fermentation metabolic pathway,while infant B.longum is associated with the Bifidobacterium shunt pathway.In summary,our analysis implies that maternal and infant gut microbiota play a distinct role in neurodevelopment,suggesting potential strategies for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes during early pregnancy or infant development by targeting gut microbiota composition.展开更多
过渡金属电催化剂因其优良的电催化性能、低廉的成本,以及在电解水、燃料电池、锌空电池等领域展现出极大的应用潜力,逐渐成为人们的研究热点。其中,过渡金属氮化物(Transition Metal Nitrides,TMNs)因氮化过程能使金属的d带收缩变窄,...过渡金属电催化剂因其优良的电催化性能、低廉的成本,以及在电解水、燃料电池、锌空电池等领域展现出极大的应用潜力,逐渐成为人们的研究热点。其中,过渡金属氮化物(Transition Metal Nitrides,TMNs)因氮化过程能使金属的d带收缩变窄,填充态发生改变,从而调节金属-氢的键能,达到提高导电性及催化活性的目的,近来备受学者们的关注。因此,本文综述了TMNs纳米电催化剂的最新研究进展,包括借助d带理论讨论了氮元素对其结构及活性的影响;评述了TMNs的物理、化学等合成方法及掺杂、复合等改性方法;列举了其在析氢反应、析氧反应、氧还原反应等电催化领域中的重要应用;最后,指出了TMNs在现阶段所面临的挑战和问题,并对其今后发展作出展望。展开更多
Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting f...Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations.In this study,a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model(ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature,2-m relative humidity,10-m wind speed,and 10-m wind direction,with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China.First,the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-toimage translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture,which is based on convolutional neural networks.Second,the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data(ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training,validation,and testing datasets.The predictors and labels(ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5,respectively.Finally,the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method,anomaly numerical correction with observations(ANO).Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error,bias,mean absolute error,and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h.CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics,whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity.For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast,which is often difficult to achieve,CU-net also improves the correction performance.展开更多
In the era of big data,there is an urgent need to establish data trading markets for effectively releasing the tremendous value of the drastically explosive data.Data security and data pricing,however,are still widely...In the era of big data,there is an urgent need to establish data trading markets for effectively releasing the tremendous value of the drastically explosive data.Data security and data pricing,however,are still widely regarded as major challenges in this respect,which motivate this research on the novel multi-blockchain based framework for data trading markets and their associated pricing mechanisms.In this context,data recording and trading are conducted separately within two separate blockchains:the data blockchain(DChain) and the value blockchain(VChain).This enables the establishment of two-layer data trading markets to manage initial data trading in the primary market and subsequent data resales in the secondary market.Moreover,pricing mechanisms are then proposed to protect these markets against strategic trading behaviors and balance the payoffs of both suppliers and users.Specifically,in regular data trading on VChain-S2D,two auction models are employed according to the demand scale,for dealing with users’ strategic bidding.The incentive-compatible Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)model is deployed to the low-demand trading scenario,while the nearly incentive-compatible monopolistic price(MP) model is utilized for the high-demand trading scenario.With temporary data trading on VChain-D2S,a reverse auction mechanism namely two-stage obscure selection(TSOS) is designed to regulate both suppliers’ quoting and users’ valuation strategies.Furthermore,experiments are carried out to demonstrate the strength of this research in enhancing data security and trading efficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the main causes of cancer mortality worldwide.Recent studies on tumor microenvironments have shown that tumor metabolism exerts a vital role in cancer progression.AIM To investi...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the main causes of cancer mortality worldwide.Recent studies on tumor microenvironments have shown that tumor metabolism exerts a vital role in cancer progression.AIM To investigate whether lysyl oxidase(LOX) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1α) are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in GC.METHODS A total of 80 tissue and blood samples were collected from 140 patients admitted to our hospital between August 2008 and March 2012. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure the expression of LOX and HIF1α in tumor and adjacent tissues collected from patients with GC. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of LOX and HIF1α in patients with GC. In addition, single-factor analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between LOX, HIF1α and prognosis of GC.RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining suggested that the expression levels of LOX and HIF1α increased in tumor tissues from patients with GC. QRT-PCR analysis indicated that mRNA expression of LOX and HIF1α was also upregulated in tumor tissues, which was in accordance with the above results. We also detected expression of these two genes in blood samples. The expression level of LOX and HIF1α was higher in patients with GC than in healthy controls. Additional analysis showed that the expression level of LOX and HIF1α was related to the clinicopathological characteristics of GC. Expression of LOX and HIF1α increased with the number of lymph node metastases, deeper infiltration depth and later tumor–node–metastasis stages. Single-factor analysis showed that high expression of LOX and HIF1α led to poor prognosis of patients with GC.CONCLUSION LOX and HIF1α can be used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for GC.展开更多
BIG models or foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key force in advancing intelligent societies[1]–[3]Their significance stems not only from their exceptional ability to process complex data and simulate advan...BIG models or foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key force in advancing intelligent societies[1]–[3]Their significance stems not only from their exceptional ability to process complex data and simulate advanced cognitive functions,but also from their potential to drive innovation across various industries.展开更多
The key to improve the foam’s performance is to optimize the cellular structure and its bulk-material composition.Here,the hyperbranched polymer modified fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube(HPMCNT-F)based on the...The key to improve the foam’s performance is to optimize the cellular structure and its bulk-material composition.Here,the hyperbranched polymer modified fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube(HPMCNT-F)based on the nucleophilic reactions of MCNT-F was successfully prepared and used to composite with PI foams.The pristine MCNT shows a poor dispersity and weak interfacial interaction with PI matrix.While HPMCNT-F exhibits an excellent dispersity and effectively forms covalent/non-covalent interaction with PI matrix due to the surface-structure engineering,resulting in the enhancement of the PI bulk.Furthermore,HPMCNT-F works as a heterogeneous nucleation agent in PI foam to optimize the cellular structure.The enhancement of PI bulk and the optimizing of cellular structure result in the increase of compressive special strength of composite foam by 58.9%with a low loading of 1.6 wt%HPMCNT-F.Moreover,the hyperbranched polymers effectively prevent the thermal conduction among HPMCNT-F,and the isolated MCNTs effectively block thermal radiation through absorption and reflection the infrared waves.Thus,the thermal conductivity was reduced by 8.0%simultaneously.展开更多
Populus euphratica Oliv.,the Euphrates poplar,is the tallest tree species in the arid desert areas of Northwest China.Investigation of its drought-resistance genes is valuable to increase understanding of drought resi...Populus euphratica Oliv.,the Euphrates poplar,is the tallest tree species in the arid desert areas of Northwest China.Investigation of its drought-resistance genes is valuable to increase understanding of drought resistance mechanisms.RNA-seq of leaves and roots under drought simulation by 25%polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG 6000)were performed at 0,4,and 12 h.Leaves and roots responded differently to drought via differentially upregulated and downregulated genes;more genes were downregulated than upregulated in both leaves and roots.Additionally,these differentially expressed genes were enriched in different GO terms and KEGG pathways.For example,GO term‘response to organic substance’and KEGG pathway‘nitrogen metabolism’were enriched for drought-stressed leaves,while GO term‘cell wall organization or biogenesis’and KEGG pathway‘zeatin biosynthesis’were enriched for drought-stressed roots.The enrichment of the GO term‘enzyme linked receptor protein signalling pathway’in both leaf and root drought responses suggests that these tissues may also have similar mechanisms.However,roots under drought stress for four hs responded by activating programed cell death.The KEGG pathway‘plant hormone signal transduction’was detected for 4-and 12-h droughtstressed leaves and 12-h drought-stressed roots,suggesting that plant hormone signal transduction plays an important role in both roots and leaves.GO enrichment of upregulated and downregulated genes for leaves and roots reflect differentially regulatory mechanisms of response to drought stress via different biological processes such as the regulation of photosynthesis and auxin signalling pathway in leaves,and the regulation of defence response and water homeostasis in roots.Fifteen candidate genes,including transcription factors,protein kinase,transporter,late embryogenesis abundant protein and mannitol dehydrogenase,were further selected to determine their response to drought using qRTPCR.The results show that the expression patterns of 13 of the 15 genes correspond to the RNA-seq results.This study provides new insights into the drought response mechanism of P.euphratica and suggests new candidate gene resources.展开更多
The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the ne...The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.展开更多
An N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalysed retro-aldol/aldol cascade reaction of spirooxindole-basedβ-hydroxyaldehyde has been developed.The ring opening-closure process enables the diastereodivergent synthesis of spir...An N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalysed retro-aldol/aldol cascade reaction of spirooxindole-basedβ-hydroxyaldehyde has been developed.The ring opening-closure process enables the diastereodivergent synthesis of spirocyclopentaneoxindole products with four consecutive stereocenters by simply changing the reaction solvents(THF or DCE).The Michael/aldol/retro-aldol/aldol sequential protocol allows the diastereodivergent synthesis of spirocyclopentaneoxindoles from 3-substituted oxindole andα,β-unsaturated aldehyde under the relay catalysis of a chiral secondary amine and an NHC catalyst.Moreover,four stereoisomers of the product can be selectively provided by using different combinations of a chiral secondary amine and a solvent.展开更多
Synthesized allopolyploids are valuable materials for comparative analyses of two or more distinct genomes, such as the expression changes （activation, inactivation or differential expression） of orthologous genes f...Synthesized allopolyploids are valuable materials for comparative analyses of two or more distinct genomes, such as the expression changes （activation, inactivation or differential expression） of orthologous genes following allopolyploidization. CENH3 is a centromerespecific histone H3 variant and has been regarded as a central component in kinetochore formation and centromere function. In this study, interspecific hybrids of Oryza genus （AA × CC, AA × CCDD） and their backcross progenies were produced, and the genome constitutions were identified as AC, ACC, ACD, AACD, or AA（CD） by Genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）. We further cloned and sequenced the CENH3 genes from O. sativa （AA）, O. officinalis （CC） and O. latifolia （CCDD）. Sequencing of RT-PCR products revealed that CENH3_C2 and CENH3_D, the two CENH3 alleles from O. latifolia, showed polymophism in several sites, while CENH3_C2 and CENH3_C1 from O. officinalis were different at only two amino acids positions. Moreover, we found that the CENH3 genes from both parents are expressed in interspecific hybrids and their progenies. Specifically, based on our cDNA sequencing data, the ratio of expres- sion level between CENH3_A and CENH3_C1 was approximately 1 in AC and 0.5 in ACC genomes, respectively. As a result, the CENH3 expression patterns shed more light on the inter-coordination between varied centromeric DNA sequences and highly conserved kinetochore protein in synthesized allopolyploids of Oryza genus.展开更多
In this study,we provide evidence that oil sands process-affected waters(OSPW)contain factors that activate the antimicrobial and proinflammatory responses of immune cells.Specifically,using the murine macrophage RAW ...In this study,we provide evidence that oil sands process-affected waters(OSPW)contain factors that activate the antimicrobial and proinflammatory responses of immune cells.Specifically,using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line,we establish the bioactivity of two different OSPW samples and their isolated fractions.Here,we directly compared the bioactivity of two pilot scale demonstration pit lake(DPL)water samples,which included expressed water from treated tailings(termed the before water capping sample;BWC)as well as an after water capping(AWC)sample consisting of a mixture of expressed water,precipitation,upland runoff,coagulated OSPW and added freshwater.Significant inflammatory(i.e.macrophage activating)bioactivity was associated with the AWC sample and its organic fraction(OF),whereas the BWC sample had reduced bioactivity that was primarily associated with its inorganic fraction(IF).Overall,these results indicate that at non-toxic exposure doses,the RAW 264.7 cell line serves as an acute,sensitive and reliable biosensor for the screening of inflammatory constituents within and among discrete OSPW samples.展开更多
The construction of built-in electric field is generally considered as an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic performance due to its significant role in charge separation.Herein,a built-in electric field with...The construction of built-in electric field is generally considered as an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic performance due to its significant role in charge separation.Herein,a built-in electric field within g-C_(3)N_4 hollow nanospheres co-doped with sulfur and oxygen and modified in-situ Ni_(2)P is proposed.Ni_(2)P/SO-HC_(3)N_4 exhibits significantly enhanced board spectrum photocatalytic properties for hydrogen precipitation(5.21 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction without the use of noble metal.It also achieves high photocatalytic sterilization activity and remarkable stability when used to completely inactivate E.coli(10~7)in 60 min under Vis-NIR light irradiation.The enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of a curved hollow sphere structure,which promotes the electron transfer between the inner and outer layers.In addition,co-doping inhibits the recombination of photogenerated carriers,and the built-in electric field recombined with Ni_(2)facilitates the electron transfer between the composite interfaces.This design strategy demonstrates an original method of devising multifunctional photocatalysts with enhanced activity and stability.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:72204169Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021YFS0393。
文摘Background:Studies have shown that heart rate variability(HRV)is a predictor of the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.Contact heartbeat monitoring equipment is widely used,especially in hospitals,and benefits from the rapidity and accuracy of the detection of physiological health indicators.However,long-term contact with equipment has many adverse effects.The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of HRV detection via noncontact equipment,thus enabling HRV to be assessed in various scenarios.Methods:A novel deep learning approach was proposed for measuring heartbeats through camera videos.First,we performed facial segmentation and divided the face into 16 grid cells with different light balance scores.After the trend is filtered by the Hamming window,a transformer-based neural network is used to further filter the signal.Finally,heart rate(HR)and HRV are estimated.Results:We used 1 million synthetic data points for pretraining and a public dataset in combination with a dataset that we constructed for task training.The final results were obtained on a test dataset that we constructed.The accuracy for HR with a low light balance score(0.867-0.983)was greater than that with a high score(0.667-0.750).Our method had higher accuracy in estimating HR than traditional filtering methods(0.167-0.417)and state-of-the-art neural network filtering methods(0.783-0.917)did.The root mean square error of the HRV from the time domain was the lowest,and the correlation index score was the highest for the HRV from the frequency domain estimated by our method compared with those estimated by two neural networks.Conclusions:Light balance,large sample training,and two-stage training can improve the accuracy of HRV estimation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2104800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411,62436010,72171230)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1).
文摘This paper introduces federated services as a smart service ecology with federated security to align distributed data supply with diversified service demands spanning digital and societal contexts.It presents the comprehensive researches on the theoretical foundation and technical system of federated services,aiming at advancing our understanding and implementation of this novel service paradigm.First,a thorough examination of the characteristics of federated security within federated services is conducted.Then,a five-layer technical framework is formulated under a decentralized intelligent architecture,ensuring secure,agile,and adaptable service provision.On this basis,the operational mechanisms underlying data federation and service confederation is analyzed,with emphasis on the smart supply-demand matching model.Furthermore,a scenario-oriented taxonomy of federated services accompanied by illustrative examples is proposed.Our work offers actionable insights and roadmap for realizing and advancing federated services,contributing to the refinement and wider adoption of this transformative service paradigm in the digital era.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303900 and 2021YFC2700705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82103919).
文摘The impact of mother-infant microbiota on neurodevelopment is an area of interest,but longitudinal studies are scarce.Using a cohort of 520 families from the Jiangsu birth cohort in China,we reveal that the maternal gut microbiota during early pregnancy play a substantial role,accounting for 3.34%of the variance in offspring neurodevelopmental scores.This contribution is notably higher than the 1.24%attributed to the infants’own microbiota at 1 year of age,underscoring the significant influence of maternal gut health on early child development.Remarkably,an elevation in maternal Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum is linked to decreased cognitive scores,whereas an enrichment of Bifidobacterium longum at 1 year of age is associated with higher cognitive scores.Furthermore,we find that maternal B.pseudocatenulatum is linked to the heterolactic fermentation metabolic pathway,while infant B.longum is associated with the Bifidobacterium shunt pathway.In summary,our analysis implies that maternal and infant gut microbiota play a distinct role in neurodevelopment,suggesting potential strategies for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes during early pregnancy or infant development by targeting gut microbiota composition.
文摘过渡金属电催化剂因其优良的电催化性能、低廉的成本,以及在电解水、燃料电池、锌空电池等领域展现出极大的应用潜力,逐渐成为人们的研究热点。其中,过渡金属氮化物(Transition Metal Nitrides,TMNs)因氮化过程能使金属的d带收缩变窄,填充态发生改变,从而调节金属-氢的键能,达到提高导电性及催化活性的目的,近来备受学者们的关注。因此,本文综述了TMNs纳米电催化剂的最新研究进展,包括借助d带理论讨论了氮元素对其结构及活性的影响;评述了TMNs的物理、化学等合成方法及掺杂、复合等改性方法;列举了其在析氢反应、析氧反应、氧还原反应等电催化领域中的重要应用;最后,指出了TMNs在现阶段所面临的挑战和问题,并对其今后发展作出展望。
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018YFF0300102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41875049 and 41575050)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.8212025)。
文摘Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations.In this study,a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model(ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature,2-m relative humidity,10-m wind speed,and 10-m wind direction,with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China.First,the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-toimage translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture,which is based on convolutional neural networks.Second,the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data(ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training,validation,and testing datasets.The predictors and labels(ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5,respectively.Finally,the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method,anomaly numerical correction with observations(ANO).Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error,bias,mean absolute error,and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h.CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics,whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity.For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast,which is often difficult to achieve,CU-net also improves the correction performance.
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR (0050/2020/A1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62103411, 72171230)。
文摘In the era of big data,there is an urgent need to establish data trading markets for effectively releasing the tremendous value of the drastically explosive data.Data security and data pricing,however,are still widely regarded as major challenges in this respect,which motivate this research on the novel multi-blockchain based framework for data trading markets and their associated pricing mechanisms.In this context,data recording and trading are conducted separately within two separate blockchains:the data blockchain(DChain) and the value blockchain(VChain).This enables the establishment of two-layer data trading markets to manage initial data trading in the primary market and subsequent data resales in the secondary market.Moreover,pricing mechanisms are then proposed to protect these markets against strategic trading behaviors and balance the payoffs of both suppliers and users.Specifically,in regular data trading on VChain-S2D,two auction models are employed according to the demand scale,for dealing with users’ strategic bidding.The incentive-compatible Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)model is deployed to the low-demand trading scenario,while the nearly incentive-compatible monopolistic price(MP) model is utilized for the high-demand trading scenario.With temporary data trading on VChain-D2S,a reverse auction mechanism namely two-stage obscure selection(TSOS) is designed to regulate both suppliers’ quoting and users’ valuation strategies.Furthermore,experiments are carried out to demonstrate the strength of this research in enhancing data security and trading efficiency.
基金Supported by the grants from the Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Program Project(16QNP146)
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the main causes of cancer mortality worldwide.Recent studies on tumor microenvironments have shown that tumor metabolism exerts a vital role in cancer progression.AIM To investigate whether lysyl oxidase(LOX) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1α) are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in GC.METHODS A total of 80 tissue and blood samples were collected from 140 patients admitted to our hospital between August 2008 and March 2012. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure the expression of LOX and HIF1α in tumor and adjacent tissues collected from patients with GC. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of LOX and HIF1α in patients with GC. In addition, single-factor analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between LOX, HIF1α and prognosis of GC.RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining suggested that the expression levels of LOX and HIF1α increased in tumor tissues from patients with GC. QRT-PCR analysis indicated that mRNA expression of LOX and HIF1α was also upregulated in tumor tissues, which was in accordance with the above results. We also detected expression of these two genes in blood samples. The expression level of LOX and HIF1α was higher in patients with GC than in healthy controls. Additional analysis showed that the expression level of LOX and HIF1α was related to the clinicopathological characteristics of GC. Expression of LOX and HIF1α increased with the number of lymph node metastases, deeper infiltration depth and later tumor–node–metastasis stages. Single-factor analysis showed that high expression of LOX and HIF1α led to poor prognosis of patients with GC.CONCLUSION LOX and HIF1α can be used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for GC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘BIG models or foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key force in advancing intelligent societies[1]–[3]Their significance stems not only from their exceptional ability to process complex data and simulate advanced cognitive functions,but also from their potential to drive innovation across various industries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52173008 and 51803129)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (No. sklpme2018-3-08)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universitiesthe International Visiting Program for Exellent Young Scholars of SCU.
文摘The key to improve the foam’s performance is to optimize the cellular structure and its bulk-material composition.Here,the hyperbranched polymer modified fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube(HPMCNT-F)based on the nucleophilic reactions of MCNT-F was successfully prepared and used to composite with PI foams.The pristine MCNT shows a poor dispersity and weak interfacial interaction with PI matrix.While HPMCNT-F exhibits an excellent dispersity and effectively forms covalent/non-covalent interaction with PI matrix due to the surface-structure engineering,resulting in the enhancement of the PI bulk.Furthermore,HPMCNT-F works as a heterogeneous nucleation agent in PI foam to optimize the cellular structure.The enhancement of PI bulk and the optimizing of cellular structure result in the increase of compressive special strength of composite foam by 58.9%with a low loading of 1.6 wt%HPMCNT-F.Moreover,the hyperbranched polymers effectively prevent the thermal conduction among HPMCNT-F,and the isolated MCNTs effectively block thermal radiation through absorption and reflection the infrared waves.Thus,the thermal conductivity was reduced by 8.0%simultaneously.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31860198)the Innovation Team Construction Plan Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group(2018CB003)the Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group(2012BB045).
文摘Populus euphratica Oliv.,the Euphrates poplar,is the tallest tree species in the arid desert areas of Northwest China.Investigation of its drought-resistance genes is valuable to increase understanding of drought resistance mechanisms.RNA-seq of leaves and roots under drought simulation by 25%polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG 6000)were performed at 0,4,and 12 h.Leaves and roots responded differently to drought via differentially upregulated and downregulated genes;more genes were downregulated than upregulated in both leaves and roots.Additionally,these differentially expressed genes were enriched in different GO terms and KEGG pathways.For example,GO term‘response to organic substance’and KEGG pathway‘nitrogen metabolism’were enriched for drought-stressed leaves,while GO term‘cell wall organization or biogenesis’and KEGG pathway‘zeatin biosynthesis’were enriched for drought-stressed roots.The enrichment of the GO term‘enzyme linked receptor protein signalling pathway’in both leaf and root drought responses suggests that these tissues may also have similar mechanisms.However,roots under drought stress for four hs responded by activating programed cell death.The KEGG pathway‘plant hormone signal transduction’was detected for 4-and 12-h droughtstressed leaves and 12-h drought-stressed roots,suggesting that plant hormone signal transduction plays an important role in both roots and leaves.GO enrichment of upregulated and downregulated genes for leaves and roots reflect differentially regulatory mechanisms of response to drought stress via different biological processes such as the regulation of photosynthesis and auxin signalling pathway in leaves,and the regulation of defence response and water homeostasis in roots.Fifteen candidate genes,including transcription factors,protein kinase,transporter,late embryogenesis abundant protein and mannitol dehydrogenase,were further selected to determine their response to drought using qRTPCR.The results show that the expression patterns of 13 of the 15 genes correspond to the RNA-seq results.This study provides new insights into the drought response mechanism of P.euphratica and suggests new candidate gene resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.
基金financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2019ZX09721001-008)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81773890,22001024,82073997)the “Thousand Talents Program” of Sichuan Province and Xinglin Scholar Research Premotion Project of CDUTCM。
文摘An N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalysed retro-aldol/aldol cascade reaction of spirooxindole-basedβ-hydroxyaldehyde has been developed.The ring opening-closure process enables the diastereodivergent synthesis of spirocyclopentaneoxindole products with four consecutive stereocenters by simply changing the reaction solvents(THF or DCE).The Michael/aldol/retro-aldol/aldol sequential protocol allows the diastereodivergent synthesis of spirocyclopentaneoxindoles from 3-substituted oxindole andα,β-unsaturated aldehyde under the relay catalysis of a chiral secondary amine and an NHC catalyst.Moreover,four stereoisomers of the product can be selectively provided by using different combinations of a chiral secondary amine and a solvent.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31025018)by the Program for National Transgenic Research Program of China (No. 2009ZX08010-00313) to W.W. Jin.
文摘Synthesized allopolyploids are valuable materials for comparative analyses of two or more distinct genomes, such as the expression changes （activation, inactivation or differential expression） of orthologous genes following allopolyploidization. CENH3 is a centromerespecific histone H3 variant and has been regarded as a central component in kinetochore formation and centromere function. In this study, interspecific hybrids of Oryza genus （AA × CC, AA × CCDD） and their backcross progenies were produced, and the genome constitutions were identified as AC, ACC, ACD, AACD, or AA（CD） by Genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）. We further cloned and sequenced the CENH3 genes from O. sativa （AA）, O. officinalis （CC） and O. latifolia （CCDD）. Sequencing of RT-PCR products revealed that CENH3_C2 and CENH3_D, the two CENH3 alleles from O. latifolia, showed polymophism in several sites, while CENH3_C2 and CENH3_C1 from O. officinalis were different at only two amino acids positions. Moreover, we found that the CENH3 genes from both parents are expressed in interspecific hybrids and their progenies. Specifically, based on our cDNA sequencing data, the ratio of expres- sion level between CENH3_A and CENH3_C1 was approximately 1 in AC and 0.5 in ACC genomes, respectively. As a result, the CENH3 expression patterns shed more light on the inter-coordination between varied centromeric DNA sequences and highly conserved kinetochore protein in synthesized allopolyploids of Oryza genus.
基金This work was supported by a research grant from Alberta Innovates,a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Senior Industrial Research Chair(IRC)in Oil Sands Tailings Water Treatment through the support of Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance(COSIA),Syncrude Canada Ltd.,Suncor Energy Inc.,Canadian Natural Resources Ltd.,Imperial Oil Resources,Teck Resources Limited,EPCOR Water Services,Alberta Innovates,and Alberta Environment and Parks.We also acknowledge an NSERC Collaborative Research and Development(CRD)grant for financial support and the Helmholtz-Alberta Initiative(HAI)through the Alberta Environment and Parks’ecoTrust Programfor analytical supportDML was supported in part by an NSERC research grant RGPIN 06395 and a University of Alberta Faculty of Science research transition fund.The authorswould like to acknowledge graduate student scholarships from the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research at the University of Alberta(to NASH and YYC).Lastly,the authors would also like to thank the University of Alberta Flow Cytometry Facility(Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry)and the University of Alberta Molecular Biology Service Unit(Faculty of Science)for their use of equipment.
文摘In this study,we provide evidence that oil sands process-affected waters(OSPW)contain factors that activate the antimicrobial and proinflammatory responses of immune cells.Specifically,using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line,we establish the bioactivity of two different OSPW samples and their isolated fractions.Here,we directly compared the bioactivity of two pilot scale demonstration pit lake(DPL)water samples,which included expressed water from treated tailings(termed the before water capping sample;BWC)as well as an after water capping(AWC)sample consisting of a mixture of expressed water,precipitation,upland runoff,coagulated OSPW and added freshwater.Significant inflammatory(i.e.macrophage activating)bioactivity was associated with the AWC sample and its organic fraction(OF),whereas the BWC sample had reduced bioactivity that was primarily associated with its inorganic fraction(IF).Overall,these results indicate that at non-toxic exposure doses,the RAW 264.7 cell line serves as an acute,sensitive and reliable biosensor for the screening of inflammatory constituents within and among discrete OSPW samples.
基金National Basic Research Program of China from MOST,2015CB910800 to W.C. and 2014CB910202 to J. LNational Science Foundation of China,31470900 and 31522021 to W.C. and 11672317 and 31222022 to J.L.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21866012,61764003 and 41763015)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Program of Hainan Province(No.2019RC023)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Planning Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDKJ201810)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan University(No.kyqd1659)。
文摘The construction of built-in electric field is generally considered as an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic performance due to its significant role in charge separation.Herein,a built-in electric field within g-C_(3)N_4 hollow nanospheres co-doped with sulfur and oxygen and modified in-situ Ni_(2)P is proposed.Ni_(2)P/SO-HC_(3)N_4 exhibits significantly enhanced board spectrum photocatalytic properties for hydrogen precipitation(5.21 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction without the use of noble metal.It also achieves high photocatalytic sterilization activity and remarkable stability when used to completely inactivate E.coli(10~7)in 60 min under Vis-NIR light irradiation.The enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of a curved hollow sphere structure,which promotes the electron transfer between the inner and outer layers.In addition,co-doping inhibits the recombination of photogenerated carriers,and the built-in electric field recombined with Ni_(2)facilitates the electron transfer between the composite interfaces.This design strategy demonstrates an original method of devising multifunctional photocatalysts with enhanced activity and stability.
