AIM: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatocyte apo-ptosis in rats via a p53-dependent mitochondrial path-way. METHODS: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats we...AIM: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatocyte apo-ptosis in rats via a p53-dependent mitochondrial path-way. METHODS: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups, the control group, the CCl4 group, and the GA treatment group. To induce liver fibrosis in this model, rats were given a subcutaneous injection of a 40% solution of CCl4 in olive oil at a dose of 0.3 mL/100 g body weight biweekly for 8 wk, while controls received the same isovolumetric dose of olive oil by hypodermic injection, with an initial double-dose injection. In the GA group,rats were also treated with a 40% solution of CCl4 plus 0.2% GA solution in double distilled water by the intraperitoneal injection of 3 mL per rat three times a week from the first week following previously published methods, with modifications. Controls were given the same isovolumetric dose of double distilled water. Liver function parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were de-termined. Pathologic changes in the liver were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen fibers were evaluated by Sirius red staining. Hepatocyte apoptosis was investigated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and the cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry assay. The expression levels of p53 and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: After 8 wk of treatment, GA significantly re-duced serum activity of ALT (from 526.7 ± 57.2 to 342 ± 44.8, P<0.05) and AST (from 640 ± 33.7 to 462.8 ± 30.6, P<0.05), attenuated the changes in liver his-topathology and reduced the staging score (from 3.53 ± 0.74 to 3.00 ± 0.76, P<0.05) in CCl4 -treated rats. GA markedly reduced the positive area of Sirius red and the ratio of the hepatic fibrotic region (from 7.87% ± 0.66% to 3.68% ± 0.32%, P<0.05) compared with the CCl4 group. GA also decreased the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 compared to the CCl4 group. TU-NEL assay indicated that GA significantly diminished the number of TUNEL-positive cells compared with the CCl4 group (P<0.05). GA treatment clearly decreased the level of p53 (P<0.05) detected by immunohis-tochemistry and Western blotting analysis. Compared with the CCl4 group, we also found that GA reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P<0.05), the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05), cleaved caspase-9 (P<0.05), and inhibited cytochrome C and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) release from mito-chondria to cytoplasm, i.e. , GA reduced the expressionlevel of Smac, which inhibited c-IAP1 activity (P<0.05), ultimately inhibiting the activity of caspase-3, according to Western blotting analysis. As a result, GA suppressed activation of the caspase cascades and prevented he-patocyte apoptosis.展开更多
Traditional robotic grippers encounter significant challenges when handling small objects in confined spaces,underscoring the need for innovative instruments with enhanced space efficiency and adaptability.Erodium cic...Traditional robotic grippers encounter significant challenges when handling small objects in confined spaces,underscoring the need for innovative instruments with enhanced space efficiency and adaptability.Erodium cicutarium awns have evolved hygroresponsive helical deformation,efficiently driving seeds into soil crevices with limited space utilization.Drawing inspiration from this natural mechanism,we developed a biomimetic thin-walled actuator with water-responsive helical capabilities.It features a composite material structure comprising common engineering materials with low toxicity.Leveraging fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology and the composite impregnation process,the actuator’s manufacturing process is streamlined and cost-effective,suitable for real-world applications.Then,a mathematical model is built to delineate the relationship between the biomimetic actuator’s key structural parameters and deformation characteristics.The experimental results emphasize the actuator’s compact dimension(0.26 mm thickness)and its capability to form a helical tube under 5 mm diameter within 60 s,demonstrating outstanding space efficiency.Moreover,helical characteristics and stiffness of the biomimetic actuators are configurable through precise modifications to the composite material structure.Consequently,it is capable of effectively grasping an object smaller than 3 mm.The innovative mechanism and design principles hold promise for advancing robotic technology,particularly in fields requiring high space efficiency and adaptability,such as fine tubing decongestion,underwater sampling,and medical endoscopic surgery.展开更多
Objective:This article systematically analyses the effects of adverse drug events/adverse drug reactions(ADEs/ADRs)of oral Indigo Naturalis(Qingdai)preparations in order to provide references for its rational clinical...Objective:This article systematically analyses the effects of adverse drug events/adverse drug reactions(ADEs/ADRs)of oral Indigo Naturalis(Qingdai)preparations in order to provide references for its rational clinical application.Methods:All clinical studies reporting ADE/ADR related to the oral administration of Qingdai preparations were searched through electronic databases,including PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP),and Wanfang database,from inception to September 27,2020.Information were extracted from these literatures,including primary disease,type of adverse reactions,dose,treatment,outcomes and so on.Incidence of ADE/ADR was estimated,as well as distribution of primary diseases and victim organs and systems were analyzed.Results:A total of 682 articles were included,with 651 clinical population studies and 31 case reports.Among them,604 detailed ADR/AE involving 33459 patients using oral Qingdai preparations,and a total of 5061 cases were found to present adverse events,including 2827 cases of digestive system(abdominal pain,diarrhea,etc.),469 cases of blood system damage(thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,anemia,etc.),313 cases of liver damage(abnormal liver function,liver toxicity,elevated liver enzymes,etc.),327 cases of nervous system reactions(headache,dizziness,poor sleep,etc.)and 1186 cases of other systems and organs.Severe adverse events(SAEs)mainly were liver damage,and could be relived after symptomatic treatment.Conclusion:From the systematic information retrieval and analysis,it is found that oral Qingdai preparations application may clinically cause ADEs/ADRs in terms of gastrointestinal tract and liver damage.Therefore,when using oral Qingdai preparations,liver and stomach protection should be done.At the same time,pay close attention to various biochemical indicators and the patient's drug response during the treatment process,and,if necessary,deal with it in time so as not to deteriorate the condition.Moreover,active surveillance system should be conducted to monitor ADE/ADR,so as to establish a clearer causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event.展开更多
Preparation of coated fuel particles using the fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition (FB-CVD) process is a key step in the production of nuclear fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). The p...Preparation of coated fuel particles using the fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition (FB-CVD) process is a key step in the production of nuclear fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). The process of applying four coating layers on high-density uranium dioxide kernel particles results in an increase in particle size and a decrease in density. Most existing coating models at the single-particle scale assume homogeneous coating under thin layer conditions, which makes it difficult to accurately describe the actual evolution process of coated particles preparation. Therefore, this study proposed a particle-binding-type heterogeneous layer (PBT-HL) model combined the binding concept with the CFD-DEM method, which accounts for dynamic changes in the density of coated particles. Then model validation in terms of gas-solid interaction and mass transfer, and coating condition parameter analysis were given at first. The results showed that changes in operational parameters such as the layer density, loading capacity, and inlet gas velocity can affect the spouted fluidization state, further influencing the deposition rate and coating effectiveness. These findings also suggested that the heterogeneous coating model in binding configuration can be further developed to study the anisotropy of single-particle layer thickness quantitatively. In summary, the variable-density PBT-HL model approximates the actual coating layer preparation process more closely, aiding in the acquisition of coating process information and guiding the optimization of coating techniques. The proposed heterogeneous coating model also holds potential for further development to characterize the intra-particle uniformity and the conformality feature of FB-CVD technique in the future.展开更多
The bromodomain and extraterminal(BET)family member BRD4 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 induces hypertrophic gene expression by binding to the acetylated chromatin,facilitating the phosphor...The bromodomain and extraterminal(BET)family member BRD4 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 induces hypertrophic gene expression by binding to the acetylated chromatin,facilitating the phosphorylation of RNA polymerases II(Pol II)and leading to transcription elongation.The present study identified a novel post-translational modification of BRD4:poly(ADPribosyl)ation(PARylation),that was mediated by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1(PARP1)in cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 silencing or BET inhibitors JQ1 and MS417 prevented cardiac hypertrophic responses induced by isoproterenol(ISO),whereas overexpression of BRD4 promoted cardiac hypertrophy,confirming the critical role of BRD4 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.PARP1 was activated in ISOinduced cardiac hypertrophy and facilitated the development of cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 was involved in the prohypertrophic effect of PARP1,as implied by the observations that BRD4 inhibition or silencing reversed PARP1-induced hypertrophic responses,and that BRD4 overexpression suppressed the antihypertrophic effect of PARP1 inhibitors.Interactions of BRD4 and PARP1 were observed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.PARylation of BRD4 induced by PARP1 was investigated by PARylation assays.In response to hypertrophic stimuli like ISO,PARylation level of BRD4 was elevated,along with enhanced interactions between BRD4 and PARP1.By investigating the PARylation of truncation mutants of BRD4,the C-terminal domain(CTD)was identified as the PARylation modification sites of BRD4.PARylation of BRD4 facilitated its binding to the transcription start sites(TSS)of hypertrophic genes,resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of RNA Pol II and transcription activation of hypertrophic genes.The present findings suggest that strategies targeting inhibition of PARP1-BRD4 might have therapeutic potential for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.展开更多
Spherical 2-4mm granules of ammonium sulfate （NH4）2SO4 are promising fertilizer for practical use, though only much smaller grains are being produced in industry. This work used coating granulation to produce large ...Spherical 2-4mm granules of ammonium sulfate （NH4）2SO4 are promising fertilizer for practical use, though only much smaller grains are being produced in industry. This work used coating granulation to produce large spherical granules of （NH4）2SO4 in a fluidized bed by spraying its aqueous solution onto 0.9-1.6 mm （NH4）2SO4 core particles. However, the overall coating efficiency was only 58% due to loss as dust by attrition of（NH4）2SO4 in the vent gas. By adding CaCO3 or SiO2 particles into the feed solution, the coating efficiency was increased to over 90%. This increase in coating efficiency was due to a change in the crystallization mechanism of（NH4）2SO4. The added CaC03 or Si02 particles provided a heterogeneous surface that induced （NH4）2S04 to crystallize uniformly to form a more compact structure less susceptible to attrition.展开更多
Procalcitonin(PCT)is a promising biomarker for identification of the origin and severity of sepsis,which is a deadly body infection.However,traditional diagnostic tools exhibited challenges in complicated instruments,...Procalcitonin(PCT)is a promising biomarker for identification of the origin and severity of sepsis,which is a deadly body infection.However,traditional diagnostic tools exhibited challenges in complicated instruments,sensitivity and time consuming.Herein,we created a highly sensitive and selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)platform for PCT monitoring based on flower-like Bi2WO6-graphene(Bi2WO6-GO),which was created as a chemical mechanism(CM)-based SERS substrate with high stability as well as a remarkable enhancement factor(EF)value of 2.07×10^(8).The high EF value was primarily attributed to the efficient charge transfer(CT)between Bi_(2)WO_(6)-GO and 4-(2-(3-(dicyanomethylene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-1-en)vinyl)phenyl)boronic acid(BP)as a Raman reporter.The BP molecule was designed to play double key roles as a Raman reporter as well as a recognition probe.Owing to the specially designed BP molecule recognition of PCT and the high SERS effects of BP on Bi_(2)WO_(6)-GO,the developed SERS platform was employed for ultrasensitive and selective PCT quantification with a limit of detection down to 0.31 pg/mL in less than 8 min.The developed platform was also successfully utilized for early monitoring in sepsis rats,demonstrating practical potential for pathogene screening.展开更多
基金Supported by Leading Academic Discipline Project of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatocyte apo-ptosis in rats via a p53-dependent mitochondrial path-way. METHODS: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups, the control group, the CCl4 group, and the GA treatment group. To induce liver fibrosis in this model, rats were given a subcutaneous injection of a 40% solution of CCl4 in olive oil at a dose of 0.3 mL/100 g body weight biweekly for 8 wk, while controls received the same isovolumetric dose of olive oil by hypodermic injection, with an initial double-dose injection. In the GA group,rats were also treated with a 40% solution of CCl4 plus 0.2% GA solution in double distilled water by the intraperitoneal injection of 3 mL per rat three times a week from the first week following previously published methods, with modifications. Controls were given the same isovolumetric dose of double distilled water. Liver function parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were de-termined. Pathologic changes in the liver were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen fibers were evaluated by Sirius red staining. Hepatocyte apoptosis was investigated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and the cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry assay. The expression levels of p53 and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: After 8 wk of treatment, GA significantly re-duced serum activity of ALT (from 526.7 ± 57.2 to 342 ± 44.8, P<0.05) and AST (from 640 ± 33.7 to 462.8 ± 30.6, P<0.05), attenuated the changes in liver his-topathology and reduced the staging score (from 3.53 ± 0.74 to 3.00 ± 0.76, P<0.05) in CCl4 -treated rats. GA markedly reduced the positive area of Sirius red and the ratio of the hepatic fibrotic region (from 7.87% ± 0.66% to 3.68% ± 0.32%, P<0.05) compared with the CCl4 group. GA also decreased the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 compared to the CCl4 group. TU-NEL assay indicated that GA significantly diminished the number of TUNEL-positive cells compared with the CCl4 group (P<0.05). GA treatment clearly decreased the level of p53 (P<0.05) detected by immunohis-tochemistry and Western blotting analysis. Compared with the CCl4 group, we also found that GA reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P<0.05), the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05), cleaved caspase-9 (P<0.05), and inhibited cytochrome C and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) release from mito-chondria to cytoplasm, i.e. , GA reduced the expressionlevel of Smac, which inhibited c-IAP1 activity (P<0.05), ultimately inhibiting the activity of caspase-3, according to Western blotting analysis. As a result, GA suppressed activation of the caspase cascades and prevented he-patocyte apoptosis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.52105295 and 52305008)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grants No.BK20210082 and BK20210440)+2 种基金Changzhou Science and Technology Project(Grants No.CJ20230040 and CJ20230038)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant No.2022T150259Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province Grant No.20230402063GH.
文摘Traditional robotic grippers encounter significant challenges when handling small objects in confined spaces,underscoring the need for innovative instruments with enhanced space efficiency and adaptability.Erodium cicutarium awns have evolved hygroresponsive helical deformation,efficiently driving seeds into soil crevices with limited space utilization.Drawing inspiration from this natural mechanism,we developed a biomimetic thin-walled actuator with water-responsive helical capabilities.It features a composite material structure comprising common engineering materials with low toxicity.Leveraging fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology and the composite impregnation process,the actuator’s manufacturing process is streamlined and cost-effective,suitable for real-world applications.Then,a mathematical model is built to delineate the relationship between the biomimetic actuator’s key structural parameters and deformation characteristics.The experimental results emphasize the actuator’s compact dimension(0.26 mm thickness)and its capability to form a helical tube under 5 mm diameter within 60 s,demonstrating outstanding space efficiency.Moreover,helical characteristics and stiffness of the biomimetic actuators are configurable through precise modifications to the composite material structure.Consequently,it is capable of effectively grasping an object smaller than 3 mm.The innovative mechanism and design principles hold promise for advancing robotic technology,particularly in fields requiring high space efficiency and adaptability,such as fine tubing decongestion,underwater sampling,and medical endoscopic surgery.
基金This research was financially supported by The National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1709802).
文摘Objective:This article systematically analyses the effects of adverse drug events/adverse drug reactions(ADEs/ADRs)of oral Indigo Naturalis(Qingdai)preparations in order to provide references for its rational clinical application.Methods:All clinical studies reporting ADE/ADR related to the oral administration of Qingdai preparations were searched through electronic databases,including PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP),and Wanfang database,from inception to September 27,2020.Information were extracted from these literatures,including primary disease,type of adverse reactions,dose,treatment,outcomes and so on.Incidence of ADE/ADR was estimated,as well as distribution of primary diseases and victim organs and systems were analyzed.Results:A total of 682 articles were included,with 651 clinical population studies and 31 case reports.Among them,604 detailed ADR/AE involving 33459 patients using oral Qingdai preparations,and a total of 5061 cases were found to present adverse events,including 2827 cases of digestive system(abdominal pain,diarrhea,etc.),469 cases of blood system damage(thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,anemia,etc.),313 cases of liver damage(abnormal liver function,liver toxicity,elevated liver enzymes,etc.),327 cases of nervous system reactions(headache,dizziness,poor sleep,etc.)and 1186 cases of other systems and organs.Severe adverse events(SAEs)mainly were liver damage,and could be relived after symptomatic treatment.Conclusion:From the systematic information retrieval and analysis,it is found that oral Qingdai preparations application may clinically cause ADEs/ADRs in terms of gastrointestinal tract and liver damage.Therefore,when using oral Qingdai preparations,liver and stomach protection should be done.At the same time,pay close attention to various biochemical indicators and the patient's drug response during the treatment process,and,if necessary,deal with it in time so as not to deteriorate the condition.Moreover,active surveillance system should be conducted to monitor ADE/ADR,so as to establish a clearer causal relationship between the drug and the adverse event.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22478220)National Youth Talent Support Program of China(grant No.20224723061)+1 种基金National Major S&T Project of China(grant No.ZX06901)National Nuclear Technology Development Project of China(grant No.HNKF202314-48).
文摘Preparation of coated fuel particles using the fluidized bed-chemical vapor deposition (FB-CVD) process is a key step in the production of nuclear fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). The process of applying four coating layers on high-density uranium dioxide kernel particles results in an increase in particle size and a decrease in density. Most existing coating models at the single-particle scale assume homogeneous coating under thin layer conditions, which makes it difficult to accurately describe the actual evolution process of coated particles preparation. Therefore, this study proposed a particle-binding-type heterogeneous layer (PBT-HL) model combined the binding concept with the CFD-DEM method, which accounts for dynamic changes in the density of coated particles. Then model validation in terms of gas-solid interaction and mass transfer, and coating condition parameter analysis were given at first. The results showed that changes in operational parameters such as the layer density, loading capacity, and inlet gas velocity can affect the spouted fluidization state, further influencing the deposition rate and coating effectiveness. These findings also suggested that the heterogeneous coating model in binding configuration can be further developed to study the anisotropy of single-particle layer thickness quantitatively. In summary, the variable-density PBT-HL model approximates the actual coating layer preparation process more closely, aiding in the acquisition of coating process information and guiding the optimization of coating techniques. The proposed heterogeneous coating model also holds potential for further development to characterize the intra-particle uniformity and the conformality feature of FB-CVD technique in the future.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872860,81673433,and 81973318)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Y093,China)+6 种基金National Major Special Projects for the Creation and Manufacture of New Drugs(2019ZX09301104,China)Special Program for Applied Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2015B020232009,China)National Engineering and Technology Research Center for New drug Druggability Evaluation(Seed Program of Guangdong Province,2017B090903004,China)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011256,China)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project(201604020121 and 201804010227,China)Yang Fan Project of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2014YT02S044,China)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation(No.2017B030314030,China)。
文摘The bromodomain and extraterminal(BET)family member BRD4 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 induces hypertrophic gene expression by binding to the acetylated chromatin,facilitating the phosphorylation of RNA polymerases II(Pol II)and leading to transcription elongation.The present study identified a novel post-translational modification of BRD4:poly(ADPribosyl)ation(PARylation),that was mediated by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1(PARP1)in cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 silencing or BET inhibitors JQ1 and MS417 prevented cardiac hypertrophic responses induced by isoproterenol(ISO),whereas overexpression of BRD4 promoted cardiac hypertrophy,confirming the critical role of BRD4 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.PARP1 was activated in ISOinduced cardiac hypertrophy and facilitated the development of cardiac hypertrophy.BRD4 was involved in the prohypertrophic effect of PARP1,as implied by the observations that BRD4 inhibition or silencing reversed PARP1-induced hypertrophic responses,and that BRD4 overexpression suppressed the antihypertrophic effect of PARP1 inhibitors.Interactions of BRD4 and PARP1 were observed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.PARylation of BRD4 induced by PARP1 was investigated by PARylation assays.In response to hypertrophic stimuli like ISO,PARylation level of BRD4 was elevated,along with enhanced interactions between BRD4 and PARP1.By investigating the PARylation of truncation mutants of BRD4,the C-terminal domain(CTD)was identified as the PARylation modification sites of BRD4.PARylation of BRD4 facilitated its binding to the transcription start sites(TSS)of hypertrophic genes,resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of RNA Pol II and transcription activation of hypertrophic genes.The present findings suggest that strategies targeting inhibition of PARP1-BRD4 might have therapeutic potential for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
基金support to this study from the National Natural Science Foundationof China(NSFC No.20876085)
文摘Spherical 2-4mm granules of ammonium sulfate （NH4）2SO4 are promising fertilizer for practical use, though only much smaller grains are being produced in industry. This work used coating granulation to produce large spherical granules of （NH4）2SO4 in a fluidized bed by spraying its aqueous solution onto 0.9-1.6 mm （NH4）2SO4 core particles. However, the overall coating efficiency was only 58% due to loss as dust by attrition of（NH4）2SO4 in the vent gas. By adding CaCO3 or SiO2 particles into the feed solution, the coating efficiency was increased to over 90%. This increase in coating efficiency was due to a change in the crystallization mechanism of（NH4）2SO4. The added CaC03 or Si02 particles provided a heterogeneous surface that induced （NH4）2S04 to crystallize uniformly to form a more compact structure less susceptible to attrition.
基金the financial support from NSFC(21827814 for Y.Tian,21974049 and 22222405 for T.Zheng)supported by Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(201701070005E00020)+1 种基金Shanghai Rising-star Program(20QA1403300)Research Funds of Happiness Flower ECNU(2020JK2103).
文摘Procalcitonin(PCT)is a promising biomarker for identification of the origin and severity of sepsis,which is a deadly body infection.However,traditional diagnostic tools exhibited challenges in complicated instruments,sensitivity and time consuming.Herein,we created a highly sensitive and selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)platform for PCT monitoring based on flower-like Bi2WO6-graphene(Bi2WO6-GO),which was created as a chemical mechanism(CM)-based SERS substrate with high stability as well as a remarkable enhancement factor(EF)value of 2.07×10^(8).The high EF value was primarily attributed to the efficient charge transfer(CT)between Bi_(2)WO_(6)-GO and 4-(2-(3-(dicyanomethylene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-1-en)vinyl)phenyl)boronic acid(BP)as a Raman reporter.The BP molecule was designed to play double key roles as a Raman reporter as well as a recognition probe.Owing to the specially designed BP molecule recognition of PCT and the high SERS effects of BP on Bi_(2)WO_(6)-GO,the developed SERS platform was employed for ultrasensitive and selective PCT quantification with a limit of detection down to 0.31 pg/mL in less than 8 min.The developed platform was also successfully utilized for early monitoring in sepsis rats,demonstrating practical potential for pathogene screening.
