BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications,particularly bladder dysfunction,which profoundly impacts patient quality of life.Overactive bladder(OAB)i...BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications,particularly bladder dysfunction,which profoundly impacts patient quality of life.Overactive bladder(OAB)is a common storage disorder of the lower urinary tract and is characterized by urgency,frequency,and nocturia.Several factors contribute to bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals,including changes in urothelial signaling,detrusor morphology,and central nervous system regulation.The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel,expressed by bladder urothelial cells,is upregulated in OAB and plays a crucial role in ATP release during bladder filling.This ATP release subsequently activates purinergic receptor P2X3,further exacerbating OAB symptoms.AIM To clarify the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)metabolic surgery to improve OAB in type 2 DM(T2DM).METHODS The model of T2DM was induced by feeding a high-fat diet to mice for 16 weeks.After 16 weeks,sham operation and RYGB operation were performed.The related indexes of glucose metabolism were also detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect,and the recovery degree of bladder function and micturition behavior of mice was assessed by urodynamics and micturition spot analysis.RESULTS Compared with the normal mice in the sham group,T2DM mice had increased urine spot count,uncontrolled urination behavior,shortened urination interval,and reduced bladder capacity.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence costaining showed that Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)and purinergic receptor P2X3 were both expressed in mouse bladder epithelial layer,and they had the same localization.In the bladder of T2DM mice,the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 were significantly increased.The ATP content in urine of T2DM mice was significantly higher than that of the sham group.After RYGB operation,the glucose metabolism index of the RYGB group was significantly improved compared with the OAB group.Comparing the results of urine spots,urodynamics,and histology,it was found that the function and morphological structure of the bladder in the RYGB group also recovered obviously.Compared with the OAB group,the expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 in the RYGB group was downregulated,and the level of inflammatory factors was significantly decreased.RYGB significantly decreased the content of ATP in urine and activated AMPK signaling.CONCLUSION RYGB downregulated the expression of TRPV1 by inhibiting inflammatory factors,thus inhibiting the enhancement of P2X3 by TRPV1.RYGB directly inhibited the activity of P2X3 by inhibiting ATP synthesis in the bladder epithelium to improve OAB.展开更多
Layered manganese dioxide(δ-MnO_(2))is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity,high operating voltage,and low cost.However,its practical application face...Layered manganese dioxide(δ-MnO_(2))is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity,high operating voltage,and low cost.However,its practical application faces challenges,such as low electronic conductivity,sluggish diffusion kinetics,and severe dissolution of Mn^(2+).In this study,we developed a δ-MnO_(2) coated with a 2-methylimidazole(δ-MnO_(2)@2-ML)hybrid cathode.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that 2-ML can be integrated into δ-MnO_(2) through both pre-intercalation and surface coating,with thermodynamically favorable outcomes.This modification expands the interlayer spacing of δ-MnO_(2) and generates Mn-N bonds on the surface,enhancing Zn^(2+)accommodation and diffusion kinetics as well as stabilizing surface Mn sites.The experimentally prepared δ-MnO_(2)@2-ML cathode,as predicted by DFT,features both 2-ML pre-intercalation and surface coating,providing more zinc-ion insertion sites and improved structural stability.Furthermore,X-ray diffraction shows the expanded interlayer spacing,which effectively buffers local electrostatic interactions,leading to an enhanced Zn^(2+)diffusion rate.Consequently,the optimized cathode(δ-MnO_(2)@2-ML)presents improved electrochemical performance and stability,and the fabricated AZIBs exhibit a high specific capacity(309.5mAh/g at 0.1 A/g),superior multiplicative performance(137.6mAh/g at 1 A/g),and impressive capacity retention(80%after 1350 cycles at 1 A/g).These results surpass the performance of most manganese-based and vanadium-based cathode materials reported to date.This dual-modulation strategy,combining interlayer engineering and interface optimization,offers a straightforward and scalable approach,potentially advancing the commercial viability of low-cost,high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a modified Devine procedure with a subcutaneous sliding fixation method for the treatment of congenital concealed penis,we retrospectively selected 45 patients with congenital con...To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a modified Devine procedure with a subcutaneous sliding fixation method for the treatment of congenital concealed penis,we retrospectively selected 45 patients with congenital concealed penises who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(Yinchuan,China)between September 2020 and November 2023.In all cases,the penis was observed to be short,and retracting the skin at the base revealed a normal penile body,which immediately returned to its original position upon release.All patients underwent the modified Devine procedure with subcutaneous sliding fixation and completed a 12-week postoperative follow-up.A statistically significant increase in penile length was observed postoperatively,with the median length increasing from 4.0(interquartile range[IQR]:3.5–4.8;95%confidence interval[CI]:3.9–4.4)cm to 8.0(IQR:7.8–8.0;95%CI:7.7–7.9)cm,with P<0.001.The parents were satisfied with the outcomes,including increased penile length,improved hygiene,and enhanced esthetics.Except for mild foreskin edema in all cases,no complications(such as infections,skin necrosis,or penile retraction)were observed.The edema was resolved within 4 weeks after the operation.This study demonstrates that the modified Devine procedure utilizing the subcutaneous sliding fixation method yields excellent outcomes with minimal postoperative complications,reduced penile retraction,and high satisfaction rates among patients and their families.展开更多
BACKGROUND Secondary hyperparathyroidism,renal osteodystrophy,and cardiovascular adverse events can occur if long-term hyperphosphatemia is not corrected,leading to the adverse prognosis of patients with chronic renal...BACKGROUND Secondary hyperparathyroidism,renal osteodystrophy,and cardiovascular adverse events can occur if long-term hyperphosphatemia is not corrected,leading to the adverse prognosis of patients with chronic renal failure.Besides the use of phosphorus binders,clinical control measures for hyperphosphatemia in these patients should also incorporate diet control.AIM To observe doctor-led intensive diet education effects on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure and hyperphosphatemia.METHODS We assessed 120 patients with hyperphosphatemia and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis admitted to our hospital(July 2018 to March 2020).The control group(n=60)was given routine nursing guidance,and the observation group(n=60)was given doctor-led intensive diet education.The changes in EQ-5D-3L scores,disease-related knowledge,and compliance scores before intervention and 3 and 6 mo after intervention in the two groups were recorded.The levels of serum parathyroid hormone(iPTH),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),calciumphosphorus product(Ca×P),serum creatinine(Scr),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)before intervention and 3 and 6 mo after intervention in the two groups were assessed along with patient satisfaction.RESULTS There was no significant difference in blood iPTH,Ca,P,Ca×P,Scr,or BUN levels between the groups before intervention.After 3 and 6 mo of intervention,the blood iPTH,Ca,P,and Ca×P levels in the two groups decreased gradually(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in Scr or BUN.The blood iPTH,Ca,P,and Ca×P levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate in the observation group after 3 mo was 93.33%and after 6,90.00%,which was high compared with the 80.00%and 71.67%,respectively,in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in EQ-5D-3L score between the two groups before intervention.After 3 and 6 mo of intervention,the visual analogue scale score of the two groups increased gradually(P<0.05);and the scores of action ability,self-care,daily activities,pain and discomfort,and anxiety and depression decreased gradually(P<0.05).The overall EQ-5D-3L score in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in diseaserelated knowledge or compliance scores between the groups before intervention.After 3 and 6 mo of intervention,the scores of disease,diet,and medication knowledge and compliance in the two groups increased gradually(P<0.05).The scores of disease-related knowledge and compliance were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Doctor-led intensive diet education can improve patient satisfaction and the quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure and hyperphosphatemia and promote low-phosphorus diet behavior.展开更多
Doping and coating are frequently employed for the improvement of the properties of Ni-rich NCM materials.In this work,we prepared stable LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)materials modified withY_(2)O_(3)via a w...Doping and coating are frequently employed for the improvement of the properties of Ni-rich NCM materials.In this work,we prepared stable LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)materials modified withY_(2)O_(3)via a wet chemical method.In order to investigate the action mechanism ofY_(2)O_(3)on NCM811,we analyzed the micro structures using X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Also,to study the electrochemical performances,we conducted a charge/discharge test and cyclic voltammetry.Our results show thatY_(2)O_(3)modified NCM811 materials have good thermal stability,and proper content ofY_(2)O_(3)can effectively prevent the materials from damaging and significantly improve the electrochemical properties of the materials.Particularly,1%Y2 O3 modified NCM811 material show much better cycling performance than other samples.During cycling at 1.0 C the 1%Y2 O3 modified NCM811 shows capacity retention of 90.1%after 100 cycles,which is higher than 69.4%for pristine NMC811.We examined the microstructures of the materials before and after circulation.Using the SEM results,we conclude that structural changes are among the key factors that lead to the degradation of the electrochemical properties of materials.展开更多
The deformation and damage behaviors of strain hardening cementitious composites （SHCC） under the uniaxial stress state were investigated in this paper. Two ductile failure-based constitutive models were introduced ...The deformation and damage behaviors of strain hardening cementitious composites （SHCC） under the uniaxial stress state were investigated in this paper. Two ductile failure-based constitutive models were introduced to describe the uniaxial tension and compression properties of SHCC only using a few parameters. The computation method of model parameters was developed to ease the simulation procedures. Damage evolution of the SHCC was simulated by the formulation of continuum damage mechanics subsequently. The results show that the proposed models fit the stress-strain curves reasonably well, and the damage variables show different growth rules under uniaxial tension and compression. It is concluded that the proposed method can not only simply simulate the constitutive behavior of SHCC with the reasonable accuracy but also capture the characteristic of material degradation.展开更多
Third-generation-semiconductor zinc oxide is utilized as an energy converting material in a betavoltaic battery, where 0.06 Ci^(63) Ni and 8 Ci^(147) Pm are used as the beta sources. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation,...Third-generation-semiconductor zinc oxide is utilized as an energy converting material in a betavoltaic battery, where 0.06 Ci^(63) Ni and 8 Ci^(147) Pm are used as the beta sources. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation, the full scales of the devices are derived as 17 and 118 lm,respectively, for both sources. The influences of semiconductor doping concentrations on the electrical properties of the devices are analyzed. For a typical doping concentration N_A= 10^(17) cm^(-3), N_D= 10^(16) cm^(-3), the conversion efficiencies are 7.177% and 1.658%, respectively, using63 Ni and147 Pm sources. The calculation results of energy deposition in materials for the two sources show that the doping concentrations drop to 1 × 10^(13)–5×10^(14) cm^(-3) and 1 × 10^(12)–5×10^(13), and accordingly, the energy conversion efficiencies rise to 14.212% and 18.359%, respectively.展开更多
Rational construction of highly efficient and cheap bifunctional electrocatalysts to boost both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is extremely essential for the wide application of rechar...Rational construction of highly efficient and cheap bifunctional electrocatalysts to boost both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is extremely essential for the wide application of rechargeable metal-air battery.In this work,we design a core-shell structural catalyst of CoNi dual-metal embedded in nitrogen doped porous carbon(NPC,CoNi@NPC),which is developed via the pyrolysis of CoNiMOFs,assisting by mesoporous SiO_(2) to effectively inhibit the aggregation of metal sites.Consequently,the asprepared CoNi@NPC manifests good ORR activity with half-wave potential up to 0.77 V.Specifically,the CoNi@NPC gives a very low OER over-potential of merely 101 mV in 6 M KOH along with high stability,outperforming the commercial Pt/C-RuO_(2).Moreover,the home-made zinc air battery with CoNi@NPC air cathode demonstrates excellent stability over long-term charging–discharging test,and delivers the maximum power density of 224 mW cm^(-2).The enhanced high performance of CoNi@NPC bifunctional catalyst for both ORR and OER can be ascribed to its unique core-shell structure and strong synergistic effect between the dual-bimetal active sites and the heteroatom doped carbon.This work opens a new avenue for the rational design of nonprecious metal bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable metal-air battery.展开更多
Development of the secondary palate displays molecular heterogeneity along the anterior-posterior axis;however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. MSX1 is an anteriorly expressed transcription...Development of the secondary palate displays molecular heterogeneity along the anterior-posterior axis;however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. MSX1 is an anteriorly expressed transcription repressor required for palate development. Here, we investigate the role of Msx1 in regional patterning of the secondary palate. The Wnt1-Cre-mediated expression of Msx1(Rosa Msx1^(Wnt1-Cre))throughout the palatal mesenchyme leads to cleft palate in mice, associated with aberrant cell proliferation and cell death. Osteogenic patterning of the hard palate in Rosa Msx1^(Wnt1-Cre)mice is severely impaired, as revealed by a marked reduction in palatine bone formation and decreased expression of the osteogenic regulator Sp7. Overexpression and knockout of Msx1 in mice show that the transcription repressor promotes the expression of the anterior palate-specific Alx1 but represses the expression of the medialposterior palate genes Barx1, Meox2, and Tbx22. Furthermore, Tbx22 constitutes a direct Msx1 target gene in the secondary palate, suggesting that Msx1 can directly repress the expression of medial-posterior specific genes. Finally, we determine that Sp7 is downstream of Tbx22 in palatal mesenchymal cells,suggesting that a Msx1/Tbx22/Sp7 axis participates in the regulation of palate development. Our findings unveil a novel role for Msx1 in regulating the anterior-posterior growth and patterning of the secondary palate.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids,aorta and liver pathology,and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerosis.Methods:Fifty-four 8-week-old ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided...Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids,aorta and liver pathology,and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerosis.Methods:Fifty-four 8-week-old ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups(untreated,moxibustion,and moxa smoke)and received a high-fat diet.Eighteen wild-type C57 BL/6 mice of the same age were used as controls.The intervention(none,moxibustion between the nipples,or 10 e15 mg/m^3 moxa smoke)was applied to restrained mice 20 min per day,six days per week,for 12 weeks.At the end of the experimental period,we measured serum lipids and apolipoprotein,stained thoracic aortas and livers to observe pathological changes,and used immunohistochemical staining to assess the levels of a-smooth muscle actin,CD68,tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear transcription factor-κB,and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.We also measured the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1.Results:After 12 weeks,lipid metabolism disorder and atherosclerotic plaques were observed in the ApoE^-/- mice.Moxibustion or moxa smoke reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein,and very low density lipoprotein but did not affect the levels of high density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein A1,or oxidized low density lipoprotein.Moxibustion or moxa smoke suppressed pathological changes in thoracic aortas and livers,increased fiber cap thickness,the fiber cap thickness/intimal medial thickness ratio,and collagen area percentage,and reduced extracellular lipids.Treatment with moxibustion or moxa smoke increased a-smooth muscle actin and reduced CD68 and the vulnerability index,suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear transcription factor-κB expression,and did not affect P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression.Treatment lowered the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and increased those of tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1.Conclusion:Moxibustion or moxa smoke exert protective effects in serum lipid profiles and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice by regulating plaque stability,inflammatory factors,and matrix metalloproteinases.展开更多
A series of functional organic-metal AgCl-decorated graphitic carbon nitride(AgCl-CNx)composites were synthesized and applied for the degradation of oxalic acid(OA)under visible light.The highest photocatalytic activi...A series of functional organic-metal AgCl-decorated graphitic carbon nitride(AgCl-CNx)composites were synthesized and applied for the degradation of oxalic acid(OA)under visible light.The highest photocatalytic activity was achieved with AgCl decoration ratio of1.0(denoted as AgCl-CN1.0).The pseudo-first-order constant for OA degradation was 0.0722min-1 with the mineralization efficiency of 90.80%after 60 min reaction in the photocatalytic process with AgCl-CN1.0.A variety of characterization techniques including BrunauerEmmett-Teller,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectra,ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra,photoluminescence,and Mott-Schottky were utilized to elucidate the physicochemical,microstructure,and optical properties contributing to the improvement of the photocatalytic performance.The results showed that AgClCN1.0had an oblate flaky erythrocyte-like structure with a moderate band gap energy of^3.00 eV.In addition,the effects of the key parameters(i.e.,AgCl-CN1.0 dosage,initial OA concentration,solution pH,and presence of natural organic matter)on OA degradation were systematically investigated.Radical scavenger experiments indicated that photogenerated holes,electrons,superoxide anion radicals,and hydroxyl radicals were the dominant reactive species.Moreover,AgCl-CN1.0 exhibited excellent stability and reusability for OA degradation without detectable Ag+release in the solution over multiple reaction cycles.The efficient OA mineralization could be mainly ascribed to the moderate specific surface area,increased numbers of active sites,and effective interfacial charge transfer of AgCl-CN1.0.Overall,the AgCl-CN1.0 composite was demonstrated to be a highly efficient,stable,and recoverable photocatalyst.展开更多
Poly（bisphenol A carbonate） （BPA-PC） was post-polymerized by solid-state polymerization （SSP） after supercritical CO2-induced crystallization in low molecular weight particles prepolymerized via melt transesteri...Poly（bisphenol A carbonate） （BPA-PC） was post-polymerized by solid-state polymerization （SSP） after supercritical CO2-induced crystallization in low molecular weight particles prepolymerized via melt transesterification reaction. The effects of the crystallization conditions on melting behavior and SSP of BPA-PC were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, Ubbelohde viscosity method and gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The reaction kinetics of the SSP of crystallized prepolymers was studied as a function of reaction temperatures for various reaction periods. As a result, the viscosity average molecular weight of BPA-PC particles （2 mm） increased from 1.9 × 10^4 g/mol to 2.8 × 10^4 g/mol after SSP. More importantly, the significantly enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of solid-state polymerized BPA-PC, compared with those of melt transesterification polymerized BPA-PC with the same molecular weight, can be ascribed to the substantial avoidance of undergoing high temperature during polymerization. Our work provides a useful method to obtain practical product of BPA-PC with high quality and high molecular weight.展开更多
Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Adipose tissue is no...Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Adipose tissue is not only the main form of energy storage but also an endocrine organ that not only secretes adipocytokines but also releases many extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play a role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism.Exosomes are a subtype of EVs,and accumulating evidence indicates that adipose tissue exosomes(AT Exos)mediate crosstalk between adipose tissue and multiple organs by being transferred to targeted cells or tissues through paracrine or endocrine mechanisms.However,the roles of AT Exos in crosstalk with metabolic organs remain to be fully elucidated.In this review,we summarize the latest research progress on the role of AT Exos in the regulation of metabolic disorders.Moreover,we discuss the potential role of AT Exos as biomarkers in metabolic diseases and their clinical application.展开更多
Highway constructions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)face great challenges induced by the unique local environmental,geological,and engineering conditions.The large area of permafrost,great temperature variability,s...Highway constructions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)face great challenges induced by the unique local environmental,geological,and engineering conditions.The large area of permafrost,great temperature variability,strong UV rays,and complex geological conditions are the major factors that adversely influence the longterm performance of pavement systems.Since 1960s,Chinese engineers and researchers have started conducting research on the QTP to enhance the performance and durability of pavement systems.The present paper provide a comprehensive review of challenge,research and practice of highway constructions on the QTP including the special environmental and geological conditions,history of highway constructions on the QTP,major challenges and the state-of-the-art technology of subgrade constructions on permafrost,developments of the pavement structures and materials,performance prediction and maintenance methods of pavement surfaces,and applications of the research achievements on the first expressway on the QTP(i.e.,Gongyu Expressway).Based on the comprehensive literature review,it can be found that(1)frost heave and thaw weakening induced subgrade disease and longitudinal cracks on the pavement surface are complex coupled water-thermal-load problems.Engineering solutions are focusing on active cooling and thermal insulation methods,which can help to reduce temperature variations in the subgrade and thus improving its stability,(2)the harsh environmental and construction conditions may reduce the early strength and induce premature damage of cement-treated base materials.Some field validations showed that geocell-reinforced or asphalt-treated flexible base materials can provide better long-term performance,(3)the large temperature variability and strong UV rays can significantly accelerate aging of asphalt binders and greatly reduce the service life of asphalt mixtures.Various binder modification methods were developed for improving their viscoelasticity and enhance the low-temperature cracking resistance of pavement surface materials but are still lack of field validation data and comparisons of their life cycle costs.Therefore,it is recommended that a demonstration research project build test sections to examine a range of pavement structures and materials,and compare their long-term performance and life cycle costs,which can serve as important reference for future highway constructions on the QTP.展开更多
Objective： To explore the effect of hepatic function on loss of consciousness （LOC） and bispectral index （BIS） during sedation with midazolam （MDZ）. Methods： Forty-five patients were assigned to three groups a...Objective： To explore the effect of hepatic function on loss of consciousness （LOC） and bispectral index （BIS） during sedation with midazolam （MDZ）. Methods： Forty-five patients were assigned to three groups according to their liver function. Thirty of these patients with diagnoses of cholelithiasis were scheduled laparoscopic cholecys- tectomy, including 15 patients with normal liver function （normal group）, and 15 patients with moderately abnormal liver function based on the results of ultrasonic diagnosis of a moderately fatty liver and elevated alanine transaminase levels of less than three times normal （moderate group）. The other 15 patients with end-stage liver disease （severe group） underwent liver transplantation. Each patient was administered MDZ by way of target-controlled infusion to increase the concentration gradually. At the time of LOC, the BIS was recorded and a blood sample was withdrawn for measurement of the concentration of MDZ. The concentration of MDZ （EC50） and the BIS value （BIS50） at which 50% of patients lose consciousness were calculated using logistic regression. Results： At the time of LOC, the EC50 of MDZ and the BIS50 were similar in the normal and moderate groups （P〉0.05）. LOC occurred at a lower EC50 of MDZ and at a higher BIS50 in the severe group, compared with the normal and moderate groups （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Patients with end-stage liver disease were more sensitive to MDZ and this affected the prediction of their time of LOC following MDZ administration. There were no changes in response in patients with moderately abnormal hepatic function.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)for muscle atrophy in patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of foot and ankle fractures.Methods:This ...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)for muscle atrophy in patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of foot and ankle fractures.Methods:This was a two-arm randomized controlled trial wherein 80 patients were recruited and divided into control(n=40)and intervention(n=40)groups.The control group received conventional orthopedic treatment,whereas the intervention group received TEAS and conventional treatment.The intervention group received TEAS 3 times a week for 30 min each time for 8 weeks.The primary out-comes were muscle thickness(MT)and cross-sectional area(CSA)of the rectus femoris and gastroc-nemius muscles,whereas the secondary outcome measure was echo intensity(EI).Data were collected before the fixation operations(baseline assessment)and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention.Results:Compared with baseline,the MT and CSA were reduced in both groups by the end of treatment,whereas EI increased in both groups.At week 4,the reduction in the rectus femoris CSA in the inter-vention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P=0.02);however,the between-group differences in the MT and EI(all P>0.05)were not significant.No serious adverse events were observed in either group.Conclusion:Our study showed that TEAS can improve muscle atrophy by attenuating the decline in the muscle CSA.Because this was only a pilot trial,subsequent studies will need longer follow-ups and larger sample sizes.展开更多
The plateau environment not only affects the development of concrete's early strength but also damages its durability during its service life.This paper summarized and analyzed the impact of plateau environments o...The plateau environment not only affects the development of concrete's early strength but also damages its durability during its service life.This paper summarized and analyzed the impact of plateau environments on concrete’properties and proposed methods to improve the performance of concrete in plateau environment.The results indicated that low humidity and high evaporation rates in plateau regions inhibit the hydration of cement in concrete,leading to an increased content of micro-pores ranging from 500 to 1000 nm and raising the risk of early-stage cracking,thus reducing the impermeability of concrete.The low atmospheric pressure(AP)condition of 60 kPa decreases the entrained air content in concrete by over 20%,diminishes the pores under 200μm,and increases the average air-voids diameter and spacing factor,resulting in a decrease of more than 5%in the 28 d compressive strength of concrete.Consequently,the durability of concrete is compromised.Saponin and rosinbased air-entraining agents are recommended to improve the performance of concrete in plateau environments.Nanoparticles also aid in stabilizing bubbles in such conditions.Selecting low-heat specialty cements,increasing the amount of cement used,and extending the curing period are also vital measures to enhance the performance of plateau concrete.展开更多
Although lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a new generation of energy storage devices,their large-scale application is severely hampered by their low energy density and restricted cyclic stability.Herein,...Although lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a new generation of energy storage devices,their large-scale application is severely hampered by their low energy density and restricted cyclic stability.Herein,an ingenious dual-modified interface,where the F-doping and fluorocarbon coating co-existed on Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2)surface,is rationally constructed to elevate its energy density and structural stability attributed to F-grafting between the bulk material and the coating utilizing a robust super-conformal fluorocarbon coating structural framework and more stable F-doped system under high charge/discharge cut-off voltage.In comparison with a single carbon-coated modified Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2),the dual-modified sample overcomes the fatal disadvantage of carbon coating stripping during long-period cycles ascribed to the“TM-F-multifunctional coating”connector which firmly combines the bulk material with the coating with a strong interaction force,exhibiting a more stable-reversible structure and excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance under high cut-off voltage.Concomitantly,the F-transition metal bonds with stronger bond energies improve its structural reversibility during the processes of charge/discharge under high voltage.Furthermore,the fluorocarbon coating enhances its charge transfer ability and effectively restrains the interfacial side reactions.Additionally,the climbing nudged elastic band methodology is used to calculate the diffusion energy barrier of lithium-ions in the matrix material,which confirms the fundamental reason for its superior lithium-ion diffusion ability.The high pseudocapacitance contribution ratio is perfectly explained by calculating the adsorption capacity on the surface of the dual-modified sample.Consequently,experiments and theoretical calculations unequivocally confirm its distinguished electrochemical properties under high cut-off voltage.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860268 and No.82201000Ningxia Natural Science Foundation,No.2021AAC02025+3 种基金Ningxia Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Training ProjectNo.2020GKLRLX06 and No.2020GKLRLX11Ningxia Medical University Research Project,No.XJKF240315Ningxia Key Research and Development Project,No.2023BEG03021 and No.2021BEB04034.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications,particularly bladder dysfunction,which profoundly impacts patient quality of life.Overactive bladder(OAB)is a common storage disorder of the lower urinary tract and is characterized by urgency,frequency,and nocturia.Several factors contribute to bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals,including changes in urothelial signaling,detrusor morphology,and central nervous system regulation.The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel,expressed by bladder urothelial cells,is upregulated in OAB and plays a crucial role in ATP release during bladder filling.This ATP release subsequently activates purinergic receptor P2X3,further exacerbating OAB symptoms.AIM To clarify the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)metabolic surgery to improve OAB in type 2 DM(T2DM).METHODS The model of T2DM was induced by feeding a high-fat diet to mice for 16 weeks.After 16 weeks,sham operation and RYGB operation were performed.The related indexes of glucose metabolism were also detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect,and the recovery degree of bladder function and micturition behavior of mice was assessed by urodynamics and micturition spot analysis.RESULTS Compared with the normal mice in the sham group,T2DM mice had increased urine spot count,uncontrolled urination behavior,shortened urination interval,and reduced bladder capacity.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence costaining showed that Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)and purinergic receptor P2X3 were both expressed in mouse bladder epithelial layer,and they had the same localization.In the bladder of T2DM mice,the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 were significantly increased.The ATP content in urine of T2DM mice was significantly higher than that of the sham group.After RYGB operation,the glucose metabolism index of the RYGB group was significantly improved compared with the OAB group.Comparing the results of urine spots,urodynamics,and histology,it was found that the function and morphological structure of the bladder in the RYGB group also recovered obviously.Compared with the OAB group,the expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 in the RYGB group was downregulated,and the level of inflammatory factors was significantly decreased.RYGB significantly decreased the content of ATP in urine and activated AMPK signaling.CONCLUSION RYGB downregulated the expression of TRPV1 by inhibiting inflammatory factors,thus inhibiting the enhancement of P2X3 by TRPV1.RYGB directly inhibited the activity of P2X3 by inhibiting ATP synthesis in the bladder epithelium to improve OAB.
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203303)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(SGDX20211123151002003 and GJHZ20220913142812025)+1 种基金the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(321GJHZ2023189FN)the SIAT International Joint Lab(E5G108).
文摘Layered manganese dioxide(δ-MnO_(2))is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity,high operating voltage,and low cost.However,its practical application faces challenges,such as low electronic conductivity,sluggish diffusion kinetics,and severe dissolution of Mn^(2+).In this study,we developed a δ-MnO_(2) coated with a 2-methylimidazole(δ-MnO_(2)@2-ML)hybrid cathode.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that 2-ML can be integrated into δ-MnO_(2) through both pre-intercalation and surface coating,with thermodynamically favorable outcomes.This modification expands the interlayer spacing of δ-MnO_(2) and generates Mn-N bonds on the surface,enhancing Zn^(2+)accommodation and diffusion kinetics as well as stabilizing surface Mn sites.The experimentally prepared δ-MnO_(2)@2-ML cathode,as predicted by DFT,features both 2-ML pre-intercalation and surface coating,providing more zinc-ion insertion sites and improved structural stability.Furthermore,X-ray diffraction shows the expanded interlayer spacing,which effectively buffers local electrostatic interactions,leading to an enhanced Zn^(2+)diffusion rate.Consequently,the optimized cathode(δ-MnO_(2)@2-ML)presents improved electrochemical performance and stability,and the fabricated AZIBs exhibit a high specific capacity(309.5mAh/g at 0.1 A/g),superior multiplicative performance(137.6mAh/g at 1 A/g),and impressive capacity retention(80%after 1350 cycles at 1 A/g).These results surpass the performance of most manganese-based and vanadium-based cathode materials reported to date.This dual-modulation strategy,combining interlayer engineering and interface optimization,offers a straightforward and scalable approach,potentially advancing the commercial viability of low-cost,high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81860268,and No.82201000)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(No.2021AAC02025)+2 种基金Ningxia science and technology innovation leading talent training project(No.2020GKLRLX06 and No.2020GKLRLX11)Ningxia Medical University research project(No.XTJKF240315)Ningxia Key Research and Development Project(No.2023BEG03021 and No.2021BEB04034).
文摘To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a modified Devine procedure with a subcutaneous sliding fixation method for the treatment of congenital concealed penis,we retrospectively selected 45 patients with congenital concealed penises who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(Yinchuan,China)between September 2020 and November 2023.In all cases,the penis was observed to be short,and retracting the skin at the base revealed a normal penile body,which immediately returned to its original position upon release.All patients underwent the modified Devine procedure with subcutaneous sliding fixation and completed a 12-week postoperative follow-up.A statistically significant increase in penile length was observed postoperatively,with the median length increasing from 4.0(interquartile range[IQR]:3.5–4.8;95%confidence interval[CI]:3.9–4.4)cm to 8.0(IQR:7.8–8.0;95%CI:7.7–7.9)cm,with P<0.001.The parents were satisfied with the outcomes,including increased penile length,improved hygiene,and enhanced esthetics.Except for mild foreskin edema in all cases,no complications(such as infections,skin necrosis,or penile retraction)were observed.The edema was resolved within 4 weeks after the operation.This study demonstrates that the modified Devine procedure utilizing the subcutaneous sliding fixation method yields excellent outcomes with minimal postoperative complications,reduced penile retraction,and high satisfaction rates among patients and their families.
文摘BACKGROUND Secondary hyperparathyroidism,renal osteodystrophy,and cardiovascular adverse events can occur if long-term hyperphosphatemia is not corrected,leading to the adverse prognosis of patients with chronic renal failure.Besides the use of phosphorus binders,clinical control measures for hyperphosphatemia in these patients should also incorporate diet control.AIM To observe doctor-led intensive diet education effects on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure and hyperphosphatemia.METHODS We assessed 120 patients with hyperphosphatemia and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis admitted to our hospital(July 2018 to March 2020).The control group(n=60)was given routine nursing guidance,and the observation group(n=60)was given doctor-led intensive diet education.The changes in EQ-5D-3L scores,disease-related knowledge,and compliance scores before intervention and 3 and 6 mo after intervention in the two groups were recorded.The levels of serum parathyroid hormone(iPTH),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),calciumphosphorus product(Ca×P),serum creatinine(Scr),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)before intervention and 3 and 6 mo after intervention in the two groups were assessed along with patient satisfaction.RESULTS There was no significant difference in blood iPTH,Ca,P,Ca×P,Scr,or BUN levels between the groups before intervention.After 3 and 6 mo of intervention,the blood iPTH,Ca,P,and Ca×P levels in the two groups decreased gradually(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in Scr or BUN.The blood iPTH,Ca,P,and Ca×P levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate in the observation group after 3 mo was 93.33%and after 6,90.00%,which was high compared with the 80.00%and 71.67%,respectively,in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in EQ-5D-3L score between the two groups before intervention.After 3 and 6 mo of intervention,the visual analogue scale score of the two groups increased gradually(P<0.05);and the scores of action ability,self-care,daily activities,pain and discomfort,and anxiety and depression decreased gradually(P<0.05).The overall EQ-5D-3L score in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in diseaserelated knowledge or compliance scores between the groups before intervention.After 3 and 6 mo of intervention,the scores of disease,diet,and medication knowledge and compliance in the two groups increased gradually(P<0.05).The scores of disease-related knowledge and compliance were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Doctor-led intensive diet education can improve patient satisfaction and the quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure and hyperphosphatemia and promote low-phosphorus diet behavior.
基金Project supported by Hebei Province Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Project(20284401Z)。
文摘Doping and coating are frequently employed for the improvement of the properties of Ni-rich NCM materials.In this work,we prepared stable LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)materials modified withY_(2)O_(3)via a wet chemical method.In order to investigate the action mechanism ofY_(2)O_(3)on NCM811,we analyzed the micro structures using X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Also,to study the electrochemical performances,we conducted a charge/discharge test and cyclic voltammetry.Our results show thatY_(2)O_(3)modified NCM811 materials have good thermal stability,and proper content ofY_(2)O_(3)can effectively prevent the materials from damaging and significantly improve the electrochemical properties of the materials.Particularly,1%Y2 O3 modified NCM811 material show much better cycling performance than other samples.During cycling at 1.0 C the 1%Y2 O3 modified NCM811 shows capacity retention of 90.1%after 100 cycles,which is higher than 69.4%for pristine NMC811.We examined the microstructures of the materials before and after circulation.Using the SEM results,we conclude that structural changes are among the key factors that lead to the degradation of the electrochemical properties of materials.
基金This research is funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2011BAE27B04)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges in Chang’an University (Nos. CHD2011TD003 and CHD2011ZY002)
文摘The deformation and damage behaviors of strain hardening cementitious composites （SHCC） under the uniaxial stress state were investigated in this paper. Two ductile failure-based constitutive models were introduced to describe the uniaxial tension and compression properties of SHCC only using a few parameters. The computation method of model parameters was developed to ease the simulation procedures. Damage evolution of the SHCC was simulated by the formulation of continuum damage mechanics subsequently. The results show that the proposed models fit the stress-strain curves reasonably well, and the damage variables show different growth rules under uniaxial tension and compression. It is concluded that the proposed method can not only simply simulate the constitutive behavior of SHCC with the reasonable accuracy but also capture the characteristic of material degradation.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Projects(No.2012YQ240121)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11075064)
文摘Third-generation-semiconductor zinc oxide is utilized as an energy converting material in a betavoltaic battery, where 0.06 Ci^(63) Ni and 8 Ci^(147) Pm are used as the beta sources. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation, the full scales of the devices are derived as 17 and 118 lm,respectively, for both sources. The influences of semiconductor doping concentrations on the electrical properties of the devices are analyzed. For a typical doping concentration N_A= 10^(17) cm^(-3), N_D= 10^(16) cm^(-3), the conversion efficiencies are 7.177% and 1.658%, respectively, using63 Ni and147 Pm sources. The calculation results of energy deposition in materials for the two sources show that the doping concentrations drop to 1 × 10^(13)–5×10^(14) cm^(-3) and 1 × 10^(12)–5×10^(13), and accordingly, the energy conversion efficiencies rise to 14.212% and 18.359%, respectively.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972017)the“Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan”Hong Kong,MacaoTaiwan Science&Technology Cooperation Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(19160760600).
文摘Rational construction of highly efficient and cheap bifunctional electrocatalysts to boost both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is extremely essential for the wide application of rechargeable metal-air battery.In this work,we design a core-shell structural catalyst of CoNi dual-metal embedded in nitrogen doped porous carbon(NPC,CoNi@NPC),which is developed via the pyrolysis of CoNiMOFs,assisting by mesoporous SiO_(2) to effectively inhibit the aggregation of metal sites.Consequently,the asprepared CoNi@NPC manifests good ORR activity with half-wave potential up to 0.77 V.Specifically,the CoNi@NPC gives a very low OER over-potential of merely 101 mV in 6 M KOH along with high stability,outperforming the commercial Pt/C-RuO_(2).Moreover,the home-made zinc air battery with CoNi@NPC air cathode demonstrates excellent stability over long-term charging–discharging test,and delivers the maximum power density of 224 mW cm^(-2).The enhanced high performance of CoNi@NPC bifunctional catalyst for both ORR and OER can be ascribed to its unique core-shell structure and strong synergistic effect between the dual-bimetal active sites and the heteroatom doped carbon.This work opens a new avenue for the rational design of nonprecious metal bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable metal-air battery.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (81771028 and 317771593)Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang (2021KY891)Medical Health Science and Technology Major Project of Hangzhou (Z20200046)。
文摘Development of the secondary palate displays molecular heterogeneity along the anterior-posterior axis;however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. MSX1 is an anteriorly expressed transcription repressor required for palate development. Here, we investigate the role of Msx1 in regional patterning of the secondary palate. The Wnt1-Cre-mediated expression of Msx1(Rosa Msx1^(Wnt1-Cre))throughout the palatal mesenchyme leads to cleft palate in mice, associated with aberrant cell proliferation and cell death. Osteogenic patterning of the hard palate in Rosa Msx1^(Wnt1-Cre)mice is severely impaired, as revealed by a marked reduction in palatine bone formation and decreased expression of the osteogenic regulator Sp7. Overexpression and knockout of Msx1 in mice show that the transcription repressor promotes the expression of the anterior palate-specific Alx1 but represses the expression of the medialposterior palate genes Barx1, Meox2, and Tbx22. Furthermore, Tbx22 constitutes a direct Msx1 target gene in the secondary palate, suggesting that Msx1 can directly repress the expression of medial-posterior specific genes. Finally, we determine that Sp7 is downstream of Tbx22 in palatal mesenchymal cells,suggesting that a Msx1/Tbx22/Sp7 axis participates in the regulation of palate development. Our findings unveil a novel role for Msx1 in regulating the anterior-posterior growth and patterning of the secondary palate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(numbers 81874503 and 81574068)。
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids,aorta and liver pathology,and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerosis.Methods:Fifty-four 8-week-old ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups(untreated,moxibustion,and moxa smoke)and received a high-fat diet.Eighteen wild-type C57 BL/6 mice of the same age were used as controls.The intervention(none,moxibustion between the nipples,or 10 e15 mg/m^3 moxa smoke)was applied to restrained mice 20 min per day,six days per week,for 12 weeks.At the end of the experimental period,we measured serum lipids and apolipoprotein,stained thoracic aortas and livers to observe pathological changes,and used immunohistochemical staining to assess the levels of a-smooth muscle actin,CD68,tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear transcription factor-κB,and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.We also measured the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1.Results:After 12 weeks,lipid metabolism disorder and atherosclerotic plaques were observed in the ApoE^-/- mice.Moxibustion or moxa smoke reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein,and very low density lipoprotein but did not affect the levels of high density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein A1,or oxidized low density lipoprotein.Moxibustion or moxa smoke suppressed pathological changes in thoracic aortas and livers,increased fiber cap thickness,the fiber cap thickness/intimal medial thickness ratio,and collagen area percentage,and reduced extracellular lipids.Treatment with moxibustion or moxa smoke increased a-smooth muscle actin and reduced CD68 and the vulnerability index,suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear transcription factor-κB expression,and did not affect P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression.Treatment lowered the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and increased those of tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1.Conclusion:Moxibustion or moxa smoke exert protective effects in serum lipid profiles and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice by regulating plaque stability,inflammatory factors,and matrix metalloproteinases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51808412)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei province (Nos. 2017CFA026 and 2018CFB266)+1 种基金the Central Government Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Projects for Hubei province (No. 2018ZYYD024)the Science and Technology Project of Educational Commission of Hubei province (No. Q20181706)
文摘A series of functional organic-metal AgCl-decorated graphitic carbon nitride(AgCl-CNx)composites were synthesized and applied for the degradation of oxalic acid(OA)under visible light.The highest photocatalytic activity was achieved with AgCl decoration ratio of1.0(denoted as AgCl-CN1.0).The pseudo-first-order constant for OA degradation was 0.0722min-1 with the mineralization efficiency of 90.80%after 60 min reaction in the photocatalytic process with AgCl-CN1.0.A variety of characterization techniques including BrunauerEmmett-Teller,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectra,ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra,photoluminescence,and Mott-Schottky were utilized to elucidate the physicochemical,microstructure,and optical properties contributing to the improvement of the photocatalytic performance.The results showed that AgClCN1.0had an oblate flaky erythrocyte-like structure with a moderate band gap energy of^3.00 eV.In addition,the effects of the key parameters(i.e.,AgCl-CN1.0 dosage,initial OA concentration,solution pH,and presence of natural organic matter)on OA degradation were systematically investigated.Radical scavenger experiments indicated that photogenerated holes,electrons,superoxide anion radicals,and hydroxyl radicals were the dominant reactive species.Moreover,AgCl-CN1.0 exhibited excellent stability and reusability for OA degradation without detectable Ag+release in the solution over multiple reaction cycles.The efficient OA mineralization could be mainly ascribed to the moderate specific surface area,increased numbers of active sites,and effective interfacial charge transfer of AgCl-CN1.0.Overall,the AgCl-CN1.0 composite was demonstrated to be a highly efficient,stable,and recoverable photocatalyst.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51173112)
文摘Poly（bisphenol A carbonate） （BPA-PC） was post-polymerized by solid-state polymerization （SSP） after supercritical CO2-induced crystallization in low molecular weight particles prepolymerized via melt transesterification reaction. The effects of the crystallization conditions on melting behavior and SSP of BPA-PC were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, Ubbelohde viscosity method and gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. The reaction kinetics of the SSP of crystallized prepolymers was studied as a function of reaction temperatures for various reaction periods. As a result, the viscosity average molecular weight of BPA-PC particles （2 mm） increased from 1.9 × 10^4 g/mol to 2.8 × 10^4 g/mol after SSP. More importantly, the significantly enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of solid-state polymerized BPA-PC, compared with those of melt transesterification polymerized BPA-PC with the same molecular weight, can be ascribed to the substantial avoidance of undergoing high temperature during polymerization. Our work provides a useful method to obtain practical product of BPA-PC with high quality and high molecular weight.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070859).
文摘Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Adipose tissue is not only the main form of energy storage but also an endocrine organ that not only secretes adipocytokines but also releases many extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play a role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism.Exosomes are a subtype of EVs,and accumulating evidence indicates that adipose tissue exosomes(AT Exos)mediate crosstalk between adipose tissue and multiple organs by being transferred to targeted cells or tissues through paracrine or endocrine mechanisms.However,the roles of AT Exos in crosstalk with metabolic organs remain to be fully elucidated.In this review,we summarize the latest research progress on the role of AT Exos in the regulation of metabolic disorders.Moreover,we discuss the potential role of AT Exos as biomarkers in metabolic diseases and their clinical application.
基金financial support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2601000,2022YFE0101500)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(No.2014BAG05B04)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51708045,51878064,51908057,51978074,52178185,5217082105)The Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program(No.2021JQ-249)the Major Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Province(No.2014-GX-A2A)the Fellowship of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021MD703885)the Special Found for Basic Scientific Research of Central College(No.300102218408).
文摘Highway constructions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)face great challenges induced by the unique local environmental,geological,and engineering conditions.The large area of permafrost,great temperature variability,strong UV rays,and complex geological conditions are the major factors that adversely influence the longterm performance of pavement systems.Since 1960s,Chinese engineers and researchers have started conducting research on the QTP to enhance the performance and durability of pavement systems.The present paper provide a comprehensive review of challenge,research and practice of highway constructions on the QTP including the special environmental and geological conditions,history of highway constructions on the QTP,major challenges and the state-of-the-art technology of subgrade constructions on permafrost,developments of the pavement structures and materials,performance prediction and maintenance methods of pavement surfaces,and applications of the research achievements on the first expressway on the QTP(i.e.,Gongyu Expressway).Based on the comprehensive literature review,it can be found that(1)frost heave and thaw weakening induced subgrade disease and longitudinal cracks on the pavement surface are complex coupled water-thermal-load problems.Engineering solutions are focusing on active cooling and thermal insulation methods,which can help to reduce temperature variations in the subgrade and thus improving its stability,(2)the harsh environmental and construction conditions may reduce the early strength and induce premature damage of cement-treated base materials.Some field validations showed that geocell-reinforced or asphalt-treated flexible base materials can provide better long-term performance,(3)the large temperature variability and strong UV rays can significantly accelerate aging of asphalt binders and greatly reduce the service life of asphalt mixtures.Various binder modification methods were developed for improving their viscoelasticity and enhance the low-temperature cracking resistance of pavement surface materials but are still lack of field validation data and comparisons of their life cycle costs.Therefore,it is recommended that a demonstration research project build test sections to examine a range of pavement structures and materials,and compare their long-term performance and life cycle costs,which can serve as important reference for future highway constructions on the QTP.
基金supported by the Qianjiang Talents Project of the Technology Office in Zhejiang Province(No.2012R10033)the Clinical Scientific Research Funds of Zhejiang Provincial Medical Association(No.2012ZYC-A72),China
文摘Objective： To explore the effect of hepatic function on loss of consciousness （LOC） and bispectral index （BIS） during sedation with midazolam （MDZ）. Methods： Forty-five patients were assigned to three groups according to their liver function. Thirty of these patients with diagnoses of cholelithiasis were scheduled laparoscopic cholecys- tectomy, including 15 patients with normal liver function （normal group）, and 15 patients with moderately abnormal liver function based on the results of ultrasonic diagnosis of a moderately fatty liver and elevated alanine transaminase levels of less than three times normal （moderate group）. The other 15 patients with end-stage liver disease （severe group） underwent liver transplantation. Each patient was administered MDZ by way of target-controlled infusion to increase the concentration gradually. At the time of LOC, the BIS was recorded and a blood sample was withdrawn for measurement of the concentration of MDZ. The concentration of MDZ （EC50） and the BIS value （BIS50） at which 50% of patients lose consciousness were calculated using logistic regression. Results： At the time of LOC, the EC50 of MDZ and the BIS50 were similar in the normal and moderate groups （P〉0.05）. LOC occurred at a lower EC50 of MDZ and at a higher BIS50 in the severe group, compared with the normal and moderate groups （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Patients with end-stage liver disease were more sensitive to MDZ and this affected the prediction of their time of LOC following MDZ administration. There were no changes in response in patients with moderately abnormal hepatic function.
基金supported by the funded project(HYZHX M05005)in the field of space medical experiments of manned spaceflight engineering.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)for muscle atrophy in patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of foot and ankle fractures.Methods:This was a two-arm randomized controlled trial wherein 80 patients were recruited and divided into control(n=40)and intervention(n=40)groups.The control group received conventional orthopedic treatment,whereas the intervention group received TEAS and conventional treatment.The intervention group received TEAS 3 times a week for 30 min each time for 8 weeks.The primary out-comes were muscle thickness(MT)and cross-sectional area(CSA)of the rectus femoris and gastroc-nemius muscles,whereas the secondary outcome measure was echo intensity(EI).Data were collected before the fixation operations(baseline assessment)and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention.Results:Compared with baseline,the MT and CSA were reduced in both groups by the end of treatment,whereas EI increased in both groups.At week 4,the reduction in the rectus femoris CSA in the inter-vention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P=0.02);however,the between-group differences in the MT and EI(all P>0.05)were not significant.No serious adverse events were observed in either group.Conclusion:Our study showed that TEAS can improve muscle atrophy by attenuating the decline in the muscle CSA.Because this was only a pilot trial,subsequent studies will need longer follow-ups and larger sample sizes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52278429)the Key R&D Program in Shaanxi Province(Nos.2023-ZDLGY-25,2025SF-YBXM-537)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102315203)Transportation Science and Technology Project in Shaanxi Province(Nos.23-91K,24-14K,24-39K).
文摘The plateau environment not only affects the development of concrete's early strength but also damages its durability during its service life.This paper summarized and analyzed the impact of plateau environments on concrete’properties and proposed methods to improve the performance of concrete in plateau environment.The results indicated that low humidity and high evaporation rates in plateau regions inhibit the hydration of cement in concrete,leading to an increased content of micro-pores ranging from 500 to 1000 nm and raising the risk of early-stage cracking,thus reducing the impermeability of concrete.The low atmospheric pressure(AP)condition of 60 kPa decreases the entrained air content in concrete by over 20%,diminishes the pores under 200μm,and increases the average air-voids diameter and spacing factor,resulting in a decrease of more than 5%in the 28 d compressive strength of concrete.Consequently,the durability of concrete is compromised.Saponin and rosinbased air-entraining agents are recommended to improve the performance of concrete in plateau environments.Nanoparticles also aid in stabilizing bubbles in such conditions.Selecting low-heat specialty cements,increasing the amount of cement used,and extending the curing period are also vital measures to enhance the performance of plateau concrete.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2021H0028)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975212)+1 种基金Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications(No.fma2023003)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen City(No.2022CXY0409).
文摘Although lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a new generation of energy storage devices,their large-scale application is severely hampered by their low energy density and restricted cyclic stability.Herein,an ingenious dual-modified interface,where the F-doping and fluorocarbon coating co-existed on Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2)surface,is rationally constructed to elevate its energy density and structural stability attributed to F-grafting between the bulk material and the coating utilizing a robust super-conformal fluorocarbon coating structural framework and more stable F-doped system under high charge/discharge cut-off voltage.In comparison with a single carbon-coated modified Li[Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)]O_(2),the dual-modified sample overcomes the fatal disadvantage of carbon coating stripping during long-period cycles ascribed to the“TM-F-multifunctional coating”connector which firmly combines the bulk material with the coating with a strong interaction force,exhibiting a more stable-reversible structure and excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance under high cut-off voltage.Concomitantly,the F-transition metal bonds with stronger bond energies improve its structural reversibility during the processes of charge/discharge under high voltage.Furthermore,the fluorocarbon coating enhances its charge transfer ability and effectively restrains the interfacial side reactions.Additionally,the climbing nudged elastic band methodology is used to calculate the diffusion energy barrier of lithium-ions in the matrix material,which confirms the fundamental reason for its superior lithium-ion diffusion ability.The high pseudocapacitance contribution ratio is perfectly explained by calculating the adsorption capacity on the surface of the dual-modified sample.Consequently,experiments and theoretical calculations unequivocally confirm its distinguished electrochemical properties under high cut-off voltage.
