Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemica...Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application.Herein,we report a highly stable anode with collector,Li_(5)Mg@Cu,realized by the melting-rolling process.The Li_(5)Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm^(-2),respectively in symmetric cells.Meanwhile,the Li_(5)Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8% for 1000 cycles and 78.8% for 2000 cycles at 1 C.Moreover,we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li_(x)Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents(2.0-16.7 at%).The exchange current density,surface energy,Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and chemical stability of Li_(x)Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher.In addition,a Mg-rich phase with“hollow brick”morphology forming in the high Mg content Li_(x)Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li.This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys.展开更多
Droughts have caused tree growth decline and high tree mortality across temperate forests,however,how to manage planted forests to alleviate drought stress is still challenging.We used tree-ring and forest inventory d...Droughts have caused tree growth decline and high tree mortality across temperate forests,however,how to manage planted forests to alleviate drought stress is still challenging.We used tree-ring and forest inventory data from different density stands to investigate how competition,tree diameter at breast height(DBH),tree age,and their interactions influence drought sensitivity and resistance for three widely-distributed and planted conifer species(Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea meyeri,and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).Our results showed that the drought sensitivity of the three species was influenced by competition,tree size,and their interactions.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees were particularly sensitive to drought during the growing season in medium to high-density stands,while the growth of large P.sylvestris var.mongolica was most affected by precipitation at low to medium density stands.Drought resistance of L.principis-rupprechtii trees decreased as tree size increased.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees had lower drought resistance than small trees in all stands.Drought resistance of large P.meyeri trees exhibited high resistance to drought only in high-density stands.However,drought resistance of P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees was affected by tree size,competition,and their interactions.These results indicated that targeted silvicultural interventions,such as thinning,can be implemented to enhance drought resistance specifically for large L.principis-rupprechtii trees and small P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees in medium and high competition stands,and small P.meyeri trees in high competition stands.Our results highlight that properly conducted thinning can in some cases enhance growth resistance to droughts,depending on stand density,tree size,and tree species.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades.Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades.Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress,inflammation,and microbiota disorder.These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier.Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products.However,there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S.platensis aqueous extracts(SP),and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated.Herein,we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier.Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell(NCM460)injury model and UC animal model.The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)/propidium iodide(PI)and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model.Moreover,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),western blot,and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice.In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury.SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge.In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group.Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins(TJs)post-SP treatment.SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon.Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction,inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production,and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.展开更多
Sorafenib,a molecular targeted multi-kinase inhibitor,has received considerable interests in recent years due to its significant profiles of efficacy in cancer therapy.However,poor pharmacokinetic properties such as l...Sorafenib,a molecular targeted multi-kinase inhibitor,has received considerable interests in recent years due to its significant profiles of efficacy in cancer therapy.However,poor pharmacokinetic properties such as limited water solubility,rapid elimination and metabolism lead to low bioavailability,restricting its further clinical application.Over the past decade,with substantial progress achieved in the development of nanotechnology,various types of smart sorafenib nanoformulations have been developed to improve the targetability as well as the bioavailability of sorafenib.In this review,we summarize various aspects from the preparation and characterization to the evaluation of antitumor efficacy of numerous stimuli-responsive sorafenib nanodelivery systems,particularly with emphasis on their mechanism of drug release and tumor microenvironment response.In addition,this review makes great effort to summarize the nanosystem-based combination therapy of sorafenib with other antitumor agents,which can provide detailed information for further synergistic cancer therapy.In the final section of this review,we also provide a detailed discussion of future challenges and prospects of designing and developing ideal sorafenib nanoformulations for clinical cancer therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)was introduced in China in 2007.Over time,the scope of ERAS has expanded from abdominal surgery to orthopedics,urology and other fields.Continuous development and resear...BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)was introduced in China in 2007.Over time,the scope of ERAS has expanded from abdominal surgery to orthopedics,urology and other fields.Continuous development and research has contributed to progress of ERAS in China.In 2019,to promote the application of ERAS in bone tumor surgery,we formed the“Consensus of Experts on Perioperative Management of Accelerated Rehabilitation in Major Surgery of Bone Tumors in China”.AIM To evaluate the effect of enhanced recovery after bone tumor surgery in perioperative management in China.METHODS One hundred and seven patients who underwent bone tumor surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between May 2019 and April 2021 were randomized into a study group(53 cases)and a control group(54 cases).The study group adopted the ERAS protocol and the control group adopted conventional care.Main outcome measures included postoperative length of stay(LOS),postoperative complications,mortality,and 30-d readmission rates.Secondary outcomes included postoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score of pain,number of blood transfusions,drainage volume in 24 h after operation,patient satisfaction 30 d after discharge,VAS score at 30 d after discharge,and daily standing walking time.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the baseline data,clinical features and surgical site between the two groups.The LOS in the study group with the ERAS protocol was 7.72±3.34 d compared with 10.28±4.27 d in the control group who followed conventional care.The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in the study group was 19%and 37%in the control group.The VAS scores of pain on postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD3 in the study group were 4.79±2.34 and 2.79±1.53 compared with 5.28±3.27 and 3.98±2.27 in the control group.The drainage volume in 24 h after the operation was 124.36±23.43 mL in the study group and 167.43±30.87 mL in the control group.The number of blood transfusions in the study group was also lower.The patient satisfaction rate was higher in the study group than in the control group.CONCLUSION The ERAS protocol in the perioperative period of bone tumor surgery can decrease LOS,PONV,and postoperative pain,blood transfusion and 24-h drainage,improve patient satisfaction and accelerate recovery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.It mostly occurs in the glands that have secretion functions,such as the parotid gland,sublingual gla...BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.It mostly occurs in the glands that have secretion functions,such as the parotid gland,sublingual gland and submandibular gland.This is very rare when it occurs in other nonsecreting glands.Here,we report one case of salivary gland carcinoma occurring in the thymus and discuss related diagnoses and treatment progress.CASE SUMMARY One 33-year-old middle-aged man presented with a thymus mass without any clinical symptoms when he underwent regular physical examination.Later,the patient was admitted to the hospital for further examination.Computed tomography(CT)showed that there was a mass of 3 cm×2.8 cm×1.5 cm in the thymus area.The patient had no symptom of discomfort or tumor-related medical history before.After completing the preoperative examinations,it was confirmed that the patient had indications for surgery.The surgeon performed a transthoracoscope"thymectomy+pleural mucostomy"for him.During the operation,the tumor tissue was quickly frozen,and the symptomatic section showed a malignant tumor.The final pathological result suggested thymus salivary gland carcinoma-mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC).In the second month after surgery,we performed local area radiotherapy for the patient,with a total radiation dose of 50.4 Gy/28Fx.After 12 mo of surgery,the patient underwent positron emission tomography-CT examination,which indicated that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.After 16 mo of operation,CT scan re-examination showed that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.As of the time of publication,the patient was followed up for one and a half years.He had no sign of tumor recurrence and continued to survive.CONCLUSION The incidence of MEC in the thymus is low,and its diagnosis needs to be combined with clinical features and imaging methods.Histopathological analysis plays a key role in the diagnosis of the disease.Patients with early-stage disease have a good prognosis and long survival period.In contrast,patients with advanced-stage disease have a poor prognosis and short survival period.Combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy in inoperable patients may prolong survival.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the correlation of SphK1 and FAK expression in colon cancer tissue with clinical pathological features and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Method: A total of 90 patients with colon can...Objective:To investigate the correlation of SphK1 and FAK expression in colon cancer tissue with clinical pathological features and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Method: A total of 90 patients with colon cancer who received radical operation for colon cancer in our hospital between January 2015 and May 2017 were selected as colon cancer group, and 48 patients with intestinal perforation who received emergency surgery in this hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The differences in the expression of SphK1, FAK as well as proliferation, invasion and EMT marker genes in lesion tissue were compared between the two groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of SphK1 and FAK gene expression with the malignant biological characteristics of tumor and EMT in colon cancer tissues.Results: SphK1 and FAK mRNA expression in lesion tissue of colon cancer group were higher than those of control group;proliferation-related genes Mina53, GTPBP4, CXCR7 and EZH2 mRNA expression were higher than those of control group whereas MS4A12 mRNA expression was lower than that of control group;invasion-related genes Lin28A, PRDX1, PRM1 and SLP-2 mRNA expression were higher than those of control group whereas ZNRD1 mRNA expression was lower than that of control group;EMT marker gene E-cadherin mRNA expression was lower than that of control group whereas N-cadherin and vimentin mRNA expression were higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that the SphK1 and FAK gene expression in colon cancer tissue were positively correlated with the tumor proliferation and invasion activity and the EMT process.Conclusion: SphK1 and FAK gene expression are abnormal in colon cancer tissue and can increase the proliferation and invasion activity of tumor cells and accelerate the EMT process.展开更多
Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment,although its effectiveness varies across different cancer types.p53 is a key factor involved in cell death induced by therapeutic agents,and it can...Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment,although its effectiveness varies across different cancer types.p53 is a key factor involved in cell death induced by therapeutic agents,and it can be upregulated by doxorubicin,exhibiting a function of apoptosis.To further investigate the mechanism between p53 and doxorubicin,this study explored whether p53 plays a role in doxorubicin-induced cell death in the colorectal cancer line HCT116.The findings revealed that p53 was upregulated in HCT116 cells when treated with doxorubicin,and the knockdown of p53 decreased the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to doxorubicin.These results suggest that p53 plays an important role in doxorubicin-induced cell death in HCT116 cells,potentially contributing to more effective treatment approaches.展开更多
Despite therapy with potent antiviral agents,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients remain at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).While metabolites have been rediscovered as active drivers of biological processes inc...Despite therapy with potent antiviral agents,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients remain at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).While metabolites have been rediscovered as active drivers of biological processes including carcinogenesis,the specific metabolites modulating HCC risk in CHB patients are largely unknown.Here,we demonstrate that baseline plasma from CHB patients who later developed HCC during follow-up exhibits growth-promoting properties in a case-control design nested within a large-scale,prospective cohort.Metabolomics analysis reveals a reduction in long-chain acylcarnitines(LCACs)in the baseline plasma of patients with HCC development.LCACs preferentially inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro at a physiological concentration and prevent the occurrence of HCC in vivo without hepatorenal toxicity.Uptake and metabolism of circulating LCACs increase the intracellular level of acetyl coenzyme A,which upregulates histone H3 Lys14 acetylation at the promoter region of KLF6 gene and thereby activates KLF6/p21 pathway.Indeed,blocking LCAC metabolism attenuates the difference in KLF6/p21 expression induced by baseline plasma of HCC/non-HCC patients.The deficiency of circulating LCACs represents a driver of HCC in CHB patients with viral control.These insights provide a promising direction for developing therapeutic strategies to reduce HCC risk further in the antiviral era.展开更多
High Mountain Asia(HMA),known as the"Asian Water Tower",is the Earth’s critical water source and provides important ecosystem services for millions of people in the downstream[1].Due to its high altitude an...High Mountain Asia(HMA),known as the"Asian Water Tower",is the Earth’s critical water source and provides important ecosystem services for millions of people in the downstream[1].Due to its high altitude and extensive cryosphere,HMA is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change[1-3].Currently,HMA has been experiencing a notable temperature increase at a rate twice that of the global average,accompanied by complex changes in precipitation patterns[1,4,5].展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming protein engineering,offering powerful solutions for crop improvement and plant biotechnology.A notable example is AlphaFold3,which delivers highly accurate predictions of pla...Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming protein engineering,offering powerful solutions for crop improvement and plant biotechnology.A notable example is AlphaFold3,which delivers highly accurate predictions of plant protein structures,making structural information broadly accessible to researchers who previously lacked experimental data(Li et al.,2025).By integrating structural insights into design strategies,AI-assisted protein engineering exploits protein plasticity—the ability of a protein’s structure and function to be reshaped through amino acid substitutions—accelerating molecular evolution and generating optimized variants(Li et al.,2025).展开更多
Soil,a fundamental component of Earth’s ecosystems,plays a vital role in nutrient cycling,supports land productivity and food security,influences the water cycle[1],and sequesters carbon,with critical implications fo...Soil,a fundamental component of Earth’s ecosystems,plays a vital role in nutrient cycling,supports land productivity and food security,influences the water cycle[1],and sequesters carbon,with critical implications for climate regulation.Soil erosion affects the abovementioned ecosystem functions and has been widely acknowledged as one of the most severe global environmental threats[2].For instance,the latest report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations indicates that soil erosion is projected to result in a 10%decline in global crop yields by 2050[3].Moreover,soil erosion transports large amounts of organic carbon into rivers and drives vertical greenhouse gas emissions during the mobilization of sediment[4,5].展开更多
Enzyme commission(EC)numbers,which associate a protein sequence with the biochemical reactions it catalyzes,are essential for the accurate understanding of enzyme functions and cellular metabolism.Many ab initio compu...Enzyme commission(EC)numbers,which associate a protein sequence with the biochemical reactions it catalyzes,are essential for the accurate understanding of enzyme functions and cellular metabolism.Many ab initio computational approaches were proposed to predict EC numbers for given input protein sequences.However,the prediction performance(accuracy,recall,and precision),usability,and efficiency of existing methods decreased seriously when dealing with recently discovered proteins,thus still having much room to be improved.Here,we report HDMLF,a hierarchical dual-core multitask learning framework for accurately predicting EC numbers based on novel deep learning techniques.HDMLF is composed of an embedding core and a learning core;the embedding core adopts the latest protein language model for protein sequence embedding,and the learning core conducts the EC number prediction.Specifically,HDMLF is designed on the basis of a gated recurrent unit framework to perform EC number prediction in the multi-objective hierarchy,multitasking manner.Additionally,we introduced an attention layer to optimize the EC prediction and employed a greedy strategy to integrate and fine-tune the final model.Comparative analyses against 4 representative methods demonstrate that HDMLF stably delivers the highest performance,which improves accuracy and F1 score by 60%and 40%over the state of the art,respectively.An additional case study of tyrB predicted to compensate for the loss of aspartate aminotransferase aspC,as reported in a previous experimental study,shows that our model can also be used to uncover the enzyme promiscuity.Finally,we established a web platform,namely,ECRECer(https://ecrecer.biodesign.ac.cn),using an entirely could-based serverless architecture and provided an offline bundle to improve usability.展开更多
Net primary productivity （NPP） is a key component of energy and matter transformation in the terrestrial ecosystem, and the responses of NPP to global change locally and regionally have been one of the most importan...Net primary productivity （NPP） is a key component of energy and matter transformation in the terrestrial ecosystem, and the responses of NPP to global change locally and regionally have been one of the most important aspects in climatevegetation relationship studies. In order to isolate causal climatic factors, it is very important to assess the response of seasonal variation of NPP to climate. In this paper, NPP in Xinjiang was estimated by NOAA/AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） data and geographic information system （GIS） techniques. The impact of climatic factors （air temperature, precipitation and sunshine percentage） on seasonal variations of NPP was studied by time lag and serial correlation ageing analysis. The results showed that the NPP for different land cover types have a similar correlation with any one of the three climatic factors, and precipitation is the major climatic factor influencing the seasonal variation of NPP in Xinjiang. It was found that the positive correlation at 0lag appeared between NPP and precipitation and the serial correlation ageing was 0 d in most areas of Xinjiang, which indicated that the response of NPP to precipitation was immediate. However, NPP of different land cover types showed significant positive correlation at 2 month lag with air temperature, and the impact of which could persist 1 month as a whole. No correlation was found between NPP and sunshine percentage.展开更多
We systematically investigate the bubble-induced performance degradation for underwater optical wireless communication(UOWC)with different bubble sizes and positions.By using different transmit and receive diversities...We systematically investigate the bubble-induced performance degradation for underwater optical wireless communication(UOWC)with different bubble sizes and positions.By using different transmit and receive diversities,we investigate the effectiveness of spatial diversity on the mitigation of the bubble-induced impairment to the UOWC link.With the help of a 2×2 multiple input multiple output using repetition coding and maximum ratio combining,a robust 780 Mbit/s UOWC transmission is achieved.The corresponding outage probability can be significantly reduced from 34.6%for the system without diversity to less than 1%.展开更多
Background Most studies on the association of maternal pregnancy weight with offspring weight trajectory have a short follow-up time.This study aimed to explore the associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass inde...Background Most studies on the association of maternal pregnancy weight with offspring weight trajectory have a short follow-up time.This study aimed to explore the associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain(GWG)with childhood weight trajectories in a 7-year birth cohort.Methods A total of 946 mother–child pairs(467 boys and 479 girls)from a longitudinal birth cohort in Tianjin City,China,were included in this study,ranging from pregnancy to offspring at 7 years.The outcome variable was defined as overweight or not overweight in offspring at the last round.A group-based trajectory model was applied to identify childhood BMI trajectory groups.Results Five discrete BMI trajectory groups were identified and characterized as constant underweight(25.2%),constant normal weight(42.8%),and high or increasing trajectory[at risk of overweight(16.9%),progressive overweight(11.0%)and progressive obesity(4.1%)].Maternal prepregnancy overweight was associated with 1.72(95%CI 1.14–2.60,P=0.01)to 4.02(95%CI 1.94–8.36,P<0.001)times the risk of all high or increasing trajectory groups,and excessive GWG was related to groups at risk of overweight[relative risk ratio(RRR)2.09,95%CI 1.27–3.46,P=0.004]and progressive obesity(RRR 3.33,95%CI 1.13–9.79,P=0.029).Children in all high or increasing trajectory groups were associated with greater overweight risk at the last round[risk ratios(RRs)ranged from 3.54(95%CI 2.53–4.95,P<0.001)to 6.18(95%CI 4.05–9.42,P<0.001)].Conclusion Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with increasing or high-level childhood body mass index trajectories as well as a greater risk of overweight at 7 years.展开更多
Developing efficient bifunctional catalysts for urea oxidation reaction(UOR)/hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is important for energy-saving hydrogen production.Herein,a catalyst with crystalline-amorphous hetero-struc...Developing efficient bifunctional catalysts for urea oxidation reaction(UOR)/hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is important for energy-saving hydrogen production.Herein,a catalyst with crystalline-amorphous hetero-structure supported by NiCo alloy on nickel foam(NiCoO-MoOx/NC)is reported for the first time.Through simple molybdenum salt etching,2D NiCo alloy nanosheets are transformed into a unique 3D cycad-leaf-like structure with a super-hydrophilic surface.Simultaneously,the synergistic effect between crystalline NiCoO and amor-phous MoOx improves the UOR and HER activity,merely requiring 1.28 V and-45 mV potentials to reach±10 mA cm-2,respectively.Particularly,the UOR kinetics of NiCoO-MoOx/NC is enhanced significantly compared to that of NiCoO/NC.The electronic structure of NiCoO is modified by MoOx,enabling the rapid generation of NiOOH and CoOOH active species,which would accelerate the synergistic electrocatalytic oxidation of urea molecules.This work inspires the design of highly active and stable bifunctional catalysts for urea assisted H2 production.展开更多
基金supported by the Qingdao Jiuhuanxinyue New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515120071)+2 种基金the 21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.(Grant No.21C-OP-202112)the financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011873)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220531095212027).
文摘Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application.Herein,we report a highly stable anode with collector,Li_(5)Mg@Cu,realized by the melting-rolling process.The Li_(5)Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm^(-2),respectively in symmetric cells.Meanwhile,the Li_(5)Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8% for 1000 cycles and 78.8% for 2000 cycles at 1 C.Moreover,we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li_(x)Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents(2.0-16.7 at%).The exchange current density,surface energy,Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and chemical stability of Li_(x)Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher.In addition,a Mg-rich phase with“hollow brick”morphology forming in the high Mg content Li_(x)Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li.This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys.
基金funded by State Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2200401)S&T Program of Hebei(Nos.226Z6801G,22326807D)Talent Introduction Program in Hebei Agricultural University(No.YJ201918).
文摘Droughts have caused tree growth decline and high tree mortality across temperate forests,however,how to manage planted forests to alleviate drought stress is still challenging.We used tree-ring and forest inventory data from different density stands to investigate how competition,tree diameter at breast height(DBH),tree age,and their interactions influence drought sensitivity and resistance for three widely-distributed and planted conifer species(Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea meyeri,and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).Our results showed that the drought sensitivity of the three species was influenced by competition,tree size,and their interactions.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees were particularly sensitive to drought during the growing season in medium to high-density stands,while the growth of large P.sylvestris var.mongolica was most affected by precipitation at low to medium density stands.Drought resistance of L.principis-rupprechtii trees decreased as tree size increased.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees had lower drought resistance than small trees in all stands.Drought resistance of large P.meyeri trees exhibited high resistance to drought only in high-density stands.However,drought resistance of P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees was affected by tree size,competition,and their interactions.These results indicated that targeted silvicultural interventions,such as thinning,can be implemented to enhance drought resistance specifically for large L.principis-rupprechtii trees and small P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees in medium and high competition stands,and small P.meyeri trees in high competition stands.Our results highlight that properly conducted thinning can in some cases enhance growth resistance to droughts,depending on stand density,tree size,and tree species.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1603900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32070509 and 31501894)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515220119),China。
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades.Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress,inflammation,and microbiota disorder.These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier.Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products.However,there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S.platensis aqueous extracts(SP),and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated.Herein,we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier.Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell(NCM460)injury model and UC animal model.The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)/propidium iodide(PI)and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model.Moreover,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),western blot,and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice.In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury.SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge.In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group.Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins(TJs)post-SP treatment.SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon.Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction,inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production,and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972832)Project supported by College Students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program of Fujian Province(S202010386051).
文摘Sorafenib,a molecular targeted multi-kinase inhibitor,has received considerable interests in recent years due to its significant profiles of efficacy in cancer therapy.However,poor pharmacokinetic properties such as limited water solubility,rapid elimination and metabolism lead to low bioavailability,restricting its further clinical application.Over the past decade,with substantial progress achieved in the development of nanotechnology,various types of smart sorafenib nanoformulations have been developed to improve the targetability as well as the bioavailability of sorafenib.In this review,we summarize various aspects from the preparation and characterization to the evaluation of antitumor efficacy of numerous stimuli-responsive sorafenib nanodelivery systems,particularly with emphasis on their mechanism of drug release and tumor microenvironment response.In addition,this review makes great effort to summarize the nanosystem-based combination therapy of sorafenib with other antitumor agents,which can provide detailed information for further synergistic cancer therapy.In the final section of this review,we also provide a detailed discussion of future challenges and prospects of designing and developing ideal sorafenib nanoformulations for clinical cancer therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)was introduced in China in 2007.Over time,the scope of ERAS has expanded from abdominal surgery to orthopedics,urology and other fields.Continuous development and research has contributed to progress of ERAS in China.In 2019,to promote the application of ERAS in bone tumor surgery,we formed the“Consensus of Experts on Perioperative Management of Accelerated Rehabilitation in Major Surgery of Bone Tumors in China”.AIM To evaluate the effect of enhanced recovery after bone tumor surgery in perioperative management in China.METHODS One hundred and seven patients who underwent bone tumor surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between May 2019 and April 2021 were randomized into a study group(53 cases)and a control group(54 cases).The study group adopted the ERAS protocol and the control group adopted conventional care.Main outcome measures included postoperative length of stay(LOS),postoperative complications,mortality,and 30-d readmission rates.Secondary outcomes included postoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score of pain,number of blood transfusions,drainage volume in 24 h after operation,patient satisfaction 30 d after discharge,VAS score at 30 d after discharge,and daily standing walking time.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the baseline data,clinical features and surgical site between the two groups.The LOS in the study group with the ERAS protocol was 7.72±3.34 d compared with 10.28±4.27 d in the control group who followed conventional care.The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in the study group was 19%and 37%in the control group.The VAS scores of pain on postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD3 in the study group were 4.79±2.34 and 2.79±1.53 compared with 5.28±3.27 and 3.98±2.27 in the control group.The drainage volume in 24 h after the operation was 124.36±23.43 mL in the study group and 167.43±30.87 mL in the control group.The number of blood transfusions in the study group was also lower.The patient satisfaction rate was higher in the study group than in the control group.CONCLUSION The ERAS protocol in the perioperative period of bone tumor surgery can decrease LOS,PONV,and postoperative pain,blood transfusion and 24-h drainage,improve patient satisfaction and accelerate recovery.
文摘BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.It mostly occurs in the glands that have secretion functions,such as the parotid gland,sublingual gland and submandibular gland.This is very rare when it occurs in other nonsecreting glands.Here,we report one case of salivary gland carcinoma occurring in the thymus and discuss related diagnoses and treatment progress.CASE SUMMARY One 33-year-old middle-aged man presented with a thymus mass without any clinical symptoms when he underwent regular physical examination.Later,the patient was admitted to the hospital for further examination.Computed tomography(CT)showed that there was a mass of 3 cm×2.8 cm×1.5 cm in the thymus area.The patient had no symptom of discomfort or tumor-related medical history before.After completing the preoperative examinations,it was confirmed that the patient had indications for surgery.The surgeon performed a transthoracoscope"thymectomy+pleural mucostomy"for him.During the operation,the tumor tissue was quickly frozen,and the symptomatic section showed a malignant tumor.The final pathological result suggested thymus salivary gland carcinoma-mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC).In the second month after surgery,we performed local area radiotherapy for the patient,with a total radiation dose of 50.4 Gy/28Fx.After 12 mo of surgery,the patient underwent positron emission tomography-CT examination,which indicated that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.After 16 mo of operation,CT scan re-examination showed that there was no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis.As of the time of publication,the patient was followed up for one and a half years.He had no sign of tumor recurrence and continued to survive.CONCLUSION The incidence of MEC in the thymus is low,and its diagnosis needs to be combined with clinical features and imaging methods.Histopathological analysis plays a key role in the diagnosis of the disease.Patients with early-stage disease have a good prognosis and long survival period.In contrast,patients with advanced-stage disease have a poor prognosis and short survival period.Combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy in inoperable patients may prolong survival.
文摘Objective:To investigate the correlation of SphK1 and FAK expression in colon cancer tissue with clinical pathological features and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Method: A total of 90 patients with colon cancer who received radical operation for colon cancer in our hospital between January 2015 and May 2017 were selected as colon cancer group, and 48 patients with intestinal perforation who received emergency surgery in this hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The differences in the expression of SphK1, FAK as well as proliferation, invasion and EMT marker genes in lesion tissue were compared between the two groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of SphK1 and FAK gene expression with the malignant biological characteristics of tumor and EMT in colon cancer tissues.Results: SphK1 and FAK mRNA expression in lesion tissue of colon cancer group were higher than those of control group;proliferation-related genes Mina53, GTPBP4, CXCR7 and EZH2 mRNA expression were higher than those of control group whereas MS4A12 mRNA expression was lower than that of control group;invasion-related genes Lin28A, PRDX1, PRM1 and SLP-2 mRNA expression were higher than those of control group whereas ZNRD1 mRNA expression was lower than that of control group;EMT marker gene E-cadherin mRNA expression was lower than that of control group whereas N-cadherin and vimentin mRNA expression were higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that the SphK1 and FAK gene expression in colon cancer tissue were positively correlated with the tumor proliferation and invasion activity and the EMT process.Conclusion: SphK1 and FAK gene expression are abnormal in colon cancer tissue and can increase the proliferation and invasion activity of tumor cells and accelerate the EMT process.
文摘Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment,although its effectiveness varies across different cancer types.p53 is a key factor involved in cell death induced by therapeutic agents,and it can be upregulated by doxorubicin,exhibiting a function of apoptosis.To further investigate the mechanism between p53 and doxorubicin,this study explored whether p53 plays a role in doxorubicin-induced cell death in the colorectal cancer line HCT116.The findings revealed that p53 was upregulated in HCT116 cells when treated with doxorubicin,and the knockdown of p53 decreased the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to doxorubicin.These results suggest that p53 plays an important role in doxorubicin-induced cell death in HCT116 cells,potentially contributing to more effective treatment approaches.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2304800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20274 and 82203305)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangzhou Joint Fund(2022B1515120039,China)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(2024B03J0326,China).
文摘Despite therapy with potent antiviral agents,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients remain at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).While metabolites have been rediscovered as active drivers of biological processes including carcinogenesis,the specific metabolites modulating HCC risk in CHB patients are largely unknown.Here,we demonstrate that baseline plasma from CHB patients who later developed HCC during follow-up exhibits growth-promoting properties in a case-control design nested within a large-scale,prospective cohort.Metabolomics analysis reveals a reduction in long-chain acylcarnitines(LCACs)in the baseline plasma of patients with HCC development.LCACs preferentially inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro at a physiological concentration and prevent the occurrence of HCC in vivo without hepatorenal toxicity.Uptake and metabolism of circulating LCACs increase the intracellular level of acetyl coenzyme A,which upregulates histone H3 Lys14 acetylation at the promoter region of KLF6 gene and thereby activates KLF6/p21 pathway.Indeed,blocking LCAC metabolism attenuates the difference in KLF6/p21 expression induced by baseline plasma of HCC/non-HCC patients.The deficiency of circulating LCACs represents a driver of HCC in CHB patients with viral control.These insights provide a promising direction for developing therapeutic strategies to reduce HCC risk further in the antiviral era.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0906)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52479055)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3209900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking University(7100604495)the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘High Mountain Asia(HMA),known as the"Asian Water Tower",is the Earth’s critical water source and provides important ecosystem services for millions of people in the downstream[1].Due to its high altitude and extensive cryosphere,HMA is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change[1-3].Currently,HMA has been experiencing a notable temperature increase at a rate twice that of the global average,accompanied by complex changes in precipitation patterns[1,4,5].
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Category B,XDB1090o00).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming protein engineering,offering powerful solutions for crop improvement and plant biotechnology.A notable example is AlphaFold3,which delivers highly accurate predictions of plant protein structures,making structural information broadly accessible to researchers who previously lacked experimental data(Li et al.,2025).By integrating structural insights into design strategies,AI-assisted protein engineering exploits protein plasticity—the ability of a protein’s structure and function to be reshaped through amino acid substitutions—accelerating molecular evolution and generating optimized variants(Li et al.,2025).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52479055)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3209900)the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Soil,a fundamental component of Earth’s ecosystems,plays a vital role in nutrient cycling,supports land productivity and food security,influences the water cycle[1],and sequesters carbon,with critical implications for climate regulation.Soil erosion affects the abovementioned ecosystem functions and has been widely acknowledged as one of the most severe global environmental threats[2].For instance,the latest report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations indicates that soil erosion is projected to result in a 10%decline in global crop yields by 2050[3].Moreover,soil erosion transports large amounts of organic carbon into rivers and drives vertical greenhouse gas emissions during the mobilization of sediment[4,5].
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201242)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS,Innovation fund of Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology(22HHSWSS00021)Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project(TSBICIP-PTJS-001,TSBICIP-CXRC-018,and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713328).
文摘Enzyme commission(EC)numbers,which associate a protein sequence with the biochemical reactions it catalyzes,are essential for the accurate understanding of enzyme functions and cellular metabolism.Many ab initio computational approaches were proposed to predict EC numbers for given input protein sequences.However,the prediction performance(accuracy,recall,and precision),usability,and efficiency of existing methods decreased seriously when dealing with recently discovered proteins,thus still having much room to be improved.Here,we report HDMLF,a hierarchical dual-core multitask learning framework for accurately predicting EC numbers based on novel deep learning techniques.HDMLF is composed of an embedding core and a learning core;the embedding core adopts the latest protein language model for protein sequence embedding,and the learning core conducts the EC number prediction.Specifically,HDMLF is designed on the basis of a gated recurrent unit framework to perform EC number prediction in the multi-objective hierarchy,multitasking manner.Additionally,we introduced an attention layer to optimize the EC prediction and employed a greedy strategy to integrate and fine-tune the final model.Comparative analyses against 4 representative methods demonstrate that HDMLF stably delivers the highest performance,which improves accuracy and F1 score by 60%and 40%over the state of the art,respectively.An additional case study of tyrB predicted to compensate for the loss of aspartate aminotransferase aspC,as reported in a previous experimental study,shows that our model can also be used to uncover the enzyme promiscuity.Finally,we established a web platform,namely,ECRECer(https://ecrecer.biodesign.ac.cn),using an entirely could-based serverless architecture and provided an offline bundle to improve usability.
基金Supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (2006AA12010103)the China Meteorological Administration (CCSF2006-37)Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau (QSR2003010006).
文摘Net primary productivity （NPP） is a key component of energy and matter transformation in the terrestrial ecosystem, and the responses of NPP to global change locally and regionally have been one of the most important aspects in climatevegetation relationship studies. In order to isolate causal climatic factors, it is very important to assess the response of seasonal variation of NPP to climate. In this paper, NPP in Xinjiang was estimated by NOAA/AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） data and geographic information system （GIS） techniques. The impact of climatic factors （air temperature, precipitation and sunshine percentage） on seasonal variations of NPP was studied by time lag and serial correlation ageing analysis. The results showed that the NPP for different land cover types have a similar correlation with any one of the three climatic factors, and precipitation is the major climatic factor influencing the seasonal variation of NPP in Xinjiang. It was found that the positive correlation at 0lag appeared between NPP and precipitation and the serial correlation ageing was 0 d in most areas of Xinjiang, which indicated that the response of NPP to precipitation was immediate. However, NPP of different land cover types showed significant positive correlation at 2 month lag with air temperature, and the impact of which could persist 1 month as a whole. No correlation was found between NPP and sunshine percentage.
基金supported in part by the HKSAR UGC/RGC grants(Nos.GRF 14215416 and GRF 14201217)
文摘We systematically investigate the bubble-induced performance degradation for underwater optical wireless communication(UOWC)with different bubble sizes and positions.By using different transmit and receive diversities,we investigate the effectiveness of spatial diversity on the mitigation of the bubble-induced impairment to the UOWC link.With the help of a 2×2 multiple input multiple output using repetition coding and maximum ratio combining,a robust 780 Mbit/s UOWC transmission is achieved.The corresponding outage probability can be significantly reduced from 34.6%for the system without diversity to less than 1%.
基金approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University(No.IRB00001052-19099)written informed consents to participants in the study were obtained from their legal guardian.
文摘Background Most studies on the association of maternal pregnancy weight with offspring weight trajectory have a short follow-up time.This study aimed to explore the associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain(GWG)with childhood weight trajectories in a 7-year birth cohort.Methods A total of 946 mother–child pairs(467 boys and 479 girls)from a longitudinal birth cohort in Tianjin City,China,were included in this study,ranging from pregnancy to offspring at 7 years.The outcome variable was defined as overweight or not overweight in offspring at the last round.A group-based trajectory model was applied to identify childhood BMI trajectory groups.Results Five discrete BMI trajectory groups were identified and characterized as constant underweight(25.2%),constant normal weight(42.8%),and high or increasing trajectory[at risk of overweight(16.9%),progressive overweight(11.0%)and progressive obesity(4.1%)].Maternal prepregnancy overweight was associated with 1.72(95%CI 1.14–2.60,P=0.01)to 4.02(95%CI 1.94–8.36,P<0.001)times the risk of all high or increasing trajectory groups,and excessive GWG was related to groups at risk of overweight[relative risk ratio(RRR)2.09,95%CI 1.27–3.46,P=0.004]and progressive obesity(RRR 3.33,95%CI 1.13–9.79,P=0.029).Children in all high or increasing trajectory groups were associated with greater overweight risk at the last round[risk ratios(RRs)ranged from 3.54(95%CI 2.53–4.95,P<0.001)to 6.18(95%CI 4.05–9.42,P<0.001)].Conclusion Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with increasing or high-level childhood body mass index trajectories as well as a greater risk of overweight at 7 years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22162004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2022JJD120011).
文摘Developing efficient bifunctional catalysts for urea oxidation reaction(UOR)/hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is important for energy-saving hydrogen production.Herein,a catalyst with crystalline-amorphous hetero-structure supported by NiCo alloy on nickel foam(NiCoO-MoOx/NC)is reported for the first time.Through simple molybdenum salt etching,2D NiCo alloy nanosheets are transformed into a unique 3D cycad-leaf-like structure with a super-hydrophilic surface.Simultaneously,the synergistic effect between crystalline NiCoO and amor-phous MoOx improves the UOR and HER activity,merely requiring 1.28 V and-45 mV potentials to reach±10 mA cm-2,respectively.Particularly,the UOR kinetics of NiCoO-MoOx/NC is enhanced significantly compared to that of NiCoO/NC.The electronic structure of NiCoO is modified by MoOx,enabling the rapid generation of NiOOH and CoOOH active species,which would accelerate the synergistic electrocatalytic oxidation of urea molecules.This work inspires the design of highly active and stable bifunctional catalysts for urea assisted H2 production.
