As the aging population continues to grow,age-related health issues are becoming increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention and concern from society.While research on the mechanisms of aging is relatively ...As the aging population continues to grow,age-related health issues are becoming increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention and concern from society.While research on the mechanisms of aging is relatively extensive,studies on the association between aging and related diseases remain limited.G.lucidum,a traditional medicinal fungus,has garnered significant attention due to its diverse bioactive properties.Recent studies have revealed that G.lucidum and its active components exhibit significant potential in anti-aging and regulating dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.However,a comprehensive and detailed review of recent research findings has yet to be thoroughly explored.This paper summarizes and elucidates the latest advances in the pathological mechanisms of aging-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by retrieving data from databases such as X-mol and PubMed,provides a detailed account of the regulatory effects of G.lucidum’s primary active components on aging and lipid metabolism,and explores their potential mechanisms.Additionally,it discusses the application prospects of G.lucidum in the fields of anti-aging and metabolic regulation,aiming to provide a reference for research on aging-mediated lipid metabolism disorders and to lay a theoretical foundation for the further development and application of G.lucidum.展开更多
BACKGROUND Effective health management for high-risk stroke populations is essential.The hospital-community-home(HCH)collaborative health management(CHM)model leverages resources from hospitals,communities,and familie...BACKGROUND Effective health management for high-risk stroke populations is essential.The hospital-community-home(HCH)collaborative health management(CHM)model leverages resources from hospitals,communities,and families.By integrating patient information across these three domains,it facilitates the delivery of tailored guidance,health risk assessments,and three-in-one health education.AIM To explore the effects of the HCH-CHM model on stroke risk reduction in highrisk populations.METHODS In total,110 high-risk stroke patients screened in the community from January 2019 to January 2023 were enrolled,with 52 patients in the control group receiving routine health education and 58 in the observation group receiving HCH-CHM model interventions based on routine health education.Stroke awareness scores,health behavior levels,medication adherence,blood pressure,serum biochemical markers(systolic/diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,and triglyceride),and psychological measures(self-rating anxiety/depression scale)were evaluated and compared between groups.RESULTS The observation group showed statistically significant improvements in stroke awareness scores and health behavior levels compared to the control group(P<0.05),with notable enhancements in lifestyle and dietary habits(P<0.05)and reductions in postintervention systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,triglyceride,self-rating anxiety scale,and self-rating depression scale scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The HCH-CHM model had a significant positive effect on high-risk stroke populations,effectively increasing disease awareness,improving health behavior and medication adherence,and appropriately ameliorating blood pressure,serum biochemical marker levels,and negative psychological symptoms.展开更多
Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-relate...Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease,osteoporosis,low immunity,glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and cardiovascular diseases.With the continuous increase of the elderly population,the pressure on the medical industry is increasing.To lower the burden on the medical industry and increase the average age of the elderly,it is vital to explore effective anti-aging materials.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),as a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb,is known as the“king of all herbs”.It is famous for its effects of“tonifying Qi,restoring pulse”(helping with the generation of Qi(the fundamental,vital energy that continuously flows within the body)and the circulation of blood)and strengthening the body,nourishing the spleen and lungs,generating fluids and nourishing blood,calming the mind and improving intelligence.Recently,its anti-aging effect has received increasing attention from modern scientific research.This study summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active ingredients of Renshen(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,etc.)on resisting aging,including preventing neuroaging,suppressing skin aging,mitigating ovarian aging,inhibiting osteoporosis and arthritis,enhancing the immune system of the elderly,protecting the cardiovascular system,resisting aging-induced fatigue and exerting the anti-tumor effects.Through network pharmacology and molecular docking,the anti-aging active ingredients of Renshen were screened,and the key targets and pathways of anti-aging active ingredients in Renshen were determined.Using network pharmacology,totally 106 drug targets and 3,479 disease targets were screened,and 79 common targets between aging and Renshen were identified.Three core targets were identified in the PPI network,including TNF,AKT1,and IL-1β.Molecular docking was used to obtain further verification.This study emphasizes the potential of Renshen as a source of anti-aging activity,which can be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of age-related diseases.展开更多
Bone is an endocrine organ involved in modulating glucose homeostasis. The role of the bone formation marker osteocalcin （OCN） in predicting diabetes was reported, but with conflicting results. No study has explored...Bone is an endocrine organ involved in modulating glucose homeostasis. The role of the bone formation marker osteocalcin （OCN） in predicting diabetes was reported, but with conflicting results. No study has explored the association between baseline bone resorption activity and incident diabetes or prediabetes during follow-up. Our objective was to examine the relationship between the baseline bone resorption marker crosslinked C-telopeptide of type I collagen （CTX） and glycemic dysregulation after 4 years. This longitudinal study was conducted in a university teaching hospital. A total of 195 normal glucose tolerant （NGT） women at baseline were invited for follow-up. The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes （collectively defined as dysglycemia） was recorded. A total of 128 individuals completed the 4-year study. The overall conversion rate from NGT to dysglycemia was 31.3%. The incidence of dysglycemia was lowest in the middle tertile [16.3% （95% confidence interval （CI）, 6.8%-30.70/0）] compared with the lower [31.0% （95% CI, 17.2%-46.1%）] and upper [46.5% （95% CI, 31.2%-62.6%）] tertiles of CTX, with a significant difference seen between the middle and upper tertiles （P = 0.002 5）. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, the upper tertile of baseline CTX was associated with an increased risk of incident dysglycemia, with an odds ratio of 7.09 （95% CI, 1.73-28.99） when the middle tertile was the reference. Osteoclasts actively regulate glucose homeostasis in a biphasic model that moderately enhanced bone resorption marker CTX at baseline provides protective effects against the deterioration of glucose metabolism, whereas an overactive osteoclastic function contributes to an increased risk of subsequent dysglycemia.展开更多
The normal T6 heat treatment process for cast A356 alloy generally requires about 15 h. This longperiod procedure increases greatly the manufacturing cost and decreases the productivity in practical production. In thi...The normal T6 heat treatment process for cast A356 alloy generally requires about 15 h. This longperiod procedure increases greatly the manufacturing cost and decreases the productivity in practical production. In this study, a new short-time heat treatment process with only 30 min solution time at 540℃ was developed for the production of motorcycle wheel hubs in order to reduce heat treatment time. Comparisons on microstructure evaluation and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility, were made between this new fast process and the conventional T6 heat treatment. The results revealed that this new heat treatment process enabled the spheroidization of the eutectic silicon thoroughly, while minimizing the growth of eutectic silicon. The A356 alloy after this new short-time heat treatment shows nearly equal mechanical properties compared with the same alloy heat treated in a normal T6 heat treatment. This investigation makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of heat treatment on A356 alloy and, at the same time, improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed growing interests in solving partial differential equations by deep neural networks,especially in the high-dimensional case.Unlike classical numerical methods,such as finite difference meth...Recent years have witnessed growing interests in solving partial differential equations by deep neural networks,especially in the high-dimensional case.Unlike classical numerical methods,such as finite difference method and finite element method,the enforcement of boundary conditions in deep neural networks is highly nontrivial.One general strategy is to use the penalty method.In the work,we conduct a comparison study for elliptic problems with four different boundary conditions,i.e.,Dirichlet,Neumann,Robin,and periodic boundary conditions,using two representative methods:deep Galerkin method and deep Ritz method.In the former,the PDE residual is minimized in the least-squares sense while the corresponding variational problem is minimized in the latter.Therefore,it is reasonably expected that deep Galerkin method works better for smooth solutions while deep Ritz method works better for low-regularity solutions.However,by a number of examples,we observe that deep Ritz method can outperform deep Galerkin method with a clear dependence of dimensionality even for smooth solutions and deep Galerkin method can also outperform deep Ritz method for low-regularity solutions.Besides,in some cases,when the boundary condition can be implemented in an exact manner,we find that such a strategy not only provides a better approximate solution but also facilitates the training process.展开更多
Dear Editor,In the past five years,we have developed a behavioral model of empathy for pain in rats[1-5].Experimentally,at least two types of behaviors associated with empathy for pain in rats can be identified,based ...Dear Editor,In the past five years,we have developed a behavioral model of empathy for pain in rats[1-5].Experimentally,at least two types of behaviors associated with empathy for pain in rats can be identified,based on the evolutionary notion of the Russian doll model[6].One has been referred to as an observer's empathic consolation,which is driven by social interaction with a demonstrator in pain[3,7-9];the other is referred to as observational contagious pain(OCP or empathic transfer of pain)from a distressed object to a witnessing subject[1-3,5].展开更多
Dear Editor.Empathy for distress refers to the highly evolutionarilyconserved ability of humans and other social animals to feel,recognize,and understand others’painful conditions(pain,fear,and catastrophe)[1,2]and e...Dear Editor.Empathy for distress refers to the highly evolutionarilyconserved ability of humans and other social animals to feel,recognize,and understand others’painful conditions(pain,fear,and catastrophe)[1,2]and even benefit others by releasing distress through sharing,caring,and cooperation[1].In the past decade,several types of lower empathic response have been gradually identified and characterized in laboratory rodents(rats and mice),referred to as empathic contagious pain[3-5],observational fear learning[2],and contagious itch[6].展开更多
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors(ANETs) is related to lymph node(LN) metastasis and other factors.However,it is unclear how the number of examined LNs(ELNs) impact on surviva...BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors(ANETs) is related to lymph node(LN) metastasis and other factors.However,it is unclear how the number of examined LNs(ELNs) impact on survival.AIM To determine the factors affecting the cancer-specific survival(CSS) of patients with ANET and to evaluate the impact of the number of ELNs on survival.METHODS A total of 4583 ANET patients were analyzed in the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.Univariate survival analysis was used to identify factors related to survival and the optimal number of ELNs and lymph node ratio(LNR) were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method.The survival difference was determined by CSS.RESULTS Except for sex,the other factors,such as age,year,race,grade,histological type,stage,tumor size,ELNs,LNR,and surgery type,were associated with prognosis.The 3-,5-,and 10-year CSS rates of ANET patients were 91.2%,87.5,and 81.7%,respectively(median follow-up period of 31 mo and range of 0-499 mo).There was no survival difference between the two surgery types,namely,local resection and colectomy or greater,in both stratifications of tumor size ≥ 2 cm(P = 0.523)and < 2 cm(P = 0.068).In contrast to patients with a tumor size < 2 cm,those with a tumor size ≥ 2 cm were more likely to have LN metastasis(χ~2 = 378.16,P < 0.001).The optimal number of ELNs was more than 11,7,and 18 for all patients,nodenegative patients,and node-positive patients,respectively.CSS rates of patients with a larger number of ELNs were significantly improved(≤ 10 vs ≥ 11,χ~2 =20.303,P < 0.001;≤ 6 vs ≥ 7,χ~2 = 11.569,P < 0.001;≤ 17 vs ≥ 18,χ~2 = 21.990,P < 0.001;respectively).ANET patients with an LNR value ≤ 0.16 were more likely to have better survival than those with values of 0.17-0.48(χ~2 = 48.243,P < 0.001) and 0.49-1(χ~2 = 168.485,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION ANET ≥ 2 cm are more likely to develop LN metastasis.At least 11 ELNs are required to better evaluate the prognosis.For patients with positive LN metastasis,18 or more LNs need to be detected and lower LNR values(LNR ≤ 0.16) indicate a better survival prognosis.展开更多
Hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis and progression of renal fibrosis.The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been sufficiently elucidated. We examined the role of p53 in hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis...Hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis and progression of renal fibrosis.The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been sufficiently elucidated. We examined the role of p53 in hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis in cell culture (human and rat renal tubular epithelial cells) and a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Cell cycle of tubular cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of profibrogenic factors was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter experiments were performed to explore the effect of HIF-lα on p53 expression. We showed that, in hypoxic tubular cells, p53 upregulation suppressed the expression of CDK1 and cyclins Bl and DI, leading to cell cycle (G2/M) arrest (or delay) and higher expression of TGF-β, CTGF, collagens, and fibronectin. p53 suppression by siRNA or by a specific p53 inhibitor (PIF-α) triggered opposite effects preventing the G2/M arrest and profibrotic changes. In vivo experiments in the UUO model revealed similar antifibrotic results following intraperitoneal administration of PIF-α(2.2 mg/kg). Using gain-of-function, loss-of-function, and luciferase assays, we further identified an HRE3 region on the p53 promoter as the HIF-lα-binding site. The HIF-la-HRE3 binding resulted in a sharp transcriptional activation of p53. Collectively, we show the presence of a hypoxia-activated, p53-responsive profibrogenic pathway in the kidney. During hypoxia, p53 upregulation induced by HIF-la suppresses cell cycle progression, leading to the accumulation of G2/M cells, and activates profibrotic TGF-β and CTGF-mediated signaling pathways, causing extracellular matrix production and renal fibrosis.展开更多
The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged≥40 years in Shangha...The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged≥40 years in Shanghai,China.Oral glucose tole3rance test was conducted during baseline and follow-up visits.Relative risk regression was utilized to examine the associations between baseline gender-specific serum uric acid levels and incident diabetes risk.A total of 613(10.3%)incident diabetes cases were identified during the follow-up visit after 4.5 years.Fasting plasma glucose,postload glucose,and glycated hemoglobin A1c during the follow-up visit progressively increased across the sex-specific quartiles of serum uric acid(all Ps<0.05).The incidence rate of diabetes increased across the quartiles of serum uric acid(7.43%,8.77%,11.47%,and 13.43%).Multivariate adjusted regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had 1.36-fold increased risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum uric acid(odds ratio(95%confidence interval)=1.36(1.06−1.73)).Stratified analysis indicated that the association was only observed in women.Accordingly,serum uric acid was associated with the increased risk of incident diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.展开更多
We attempted to explore a noninvasive,easily applicable and economically affordable therapy for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).Rat pups were raised in 80%oxygen from postnatal day 7 to P12,and returned to room air.Tr...We attempted to explore a noninvasive,easily applicable and economically affordable therapy for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).Rat pups were raised in 80%oxygen from postnatal day 7 to P12,and returned to room air.Travoprost eye drops were administered twice a day for 7 days,to reduce intraocular pressure(IOP)by about 20%.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize vessel endothelial cells,to analyze retinal neurons and cytoarchitecture.Behavioral experiments were carried out to test visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.At the end of the 7-day treatment,the number of vessels extending to the vitreous body was significantly reduced and retinal vessel density increased.This improvement was maintained to the end of the12 th week.In the central retina of the model group,the horizontal cells were completely wiped out,the outer plexiform layer was undetectable,and the rod bipolar cell dendrites sprouted into the outer nuclear layer.The treatment partially reverted these architectural changes.Most importantly,behavioral experiments revealed significantly improved visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the treated group.Therefore,reducing IOP could potentially serve as a safe and economical measure to treat ROP.展开更多
In lambs,weaning imposes stress that can contribute to impaired rumen epithelial barrier functionality and immunological dysregulation.In this study,the effects of a yeast co-culture consisting of Saccharomyces cerevi...In lambs,weaning imposes stress that can contribute to impaired rumen epithelial barrier functionality and immunological dysregulation.In this study,the effects of a yeast co-culture consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus(NM)on rumen health in lambs was evaluated,with a focus on parameters including growth performance,ruminal fermentation,and epithelial barrier integrity,ruminal metabolic function,and the composition of the ruminal bacteria.In total,24 lambs were grouped into four groups of six lambs including a control(C)group fed a basal diet,and N,M,and NM groups in which lambs were fed the basal diet respectively supplemented with S.cerevisiae yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),K.marxianus yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),and co-cultures of both yeasts(30 g/d per head),the experiment lasted for 42 d.Subsequent analyses revealed that relative to the C group,the average daily gain(ADG)of lambs in the NM group was significantly greater and exhibited significant increases in a range of mRNA relative expression including monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 1(NHE1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 3(NHE3),protoncoupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),vacuolar H^(+)-ATPase(vH+ ATPase),claudin-1,occludin in the rumen epithelium(P<0.05).Compared with the C group,the pH of the rumen contents in the NM group was significantly decreased,and the concentrations of acetate,propionate,and butyrate were significantly increased(P<0.05).Analysis of the rumen bacteria showed that the NM group exhibited increases in the relative abundance of Prevotella,Treponema,Moryella,Fibrobacter,CF231 and Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Metabolomics analyses revealed an increase in the relative content of phthalic acid and cinnamaldehyde in the NM group as compared to the C group(P<0.05),together with the greater relative content of L-tyrosine,L-dopa,rosmarinic acid,and tyrosol generated by the tyrosine metabolic pathway(P<0.05).Spearman's correlation analyses revealed relative abundance levels of Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus were positively correlated with the mRNA relative expression levels of PAT1,NHE3,and zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),as well as with tyrosol,phthalic acid,and cinnamaldehyde levels(P<0.05).Ultimately,these results suggest that dietary supplementation with NM has a wide range of beneficial effects on weaned lambs and is superior to single bacterial fermentation.These effects include improvements in daily gain and rumen epithelial barrier integrity,as well as improvements in the composition of the rumen microbiome,and alterations in tyrosine metabolic pathways.展开更多
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS)integrated with optical waveguide sensing offers a transformative approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional SERS techniques,such as complex alignment requirements an...Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS)integrated with optical waveguide sensing offers a transformative approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional SERS techniques,such as complex alignment requirements and limited signal collection efficiency.By leveraging the unique properties of optical waveguides,this integration significantly enhances detection sensitivity,simplifies sensor design,and enables the analysis of ultra-low concentration analytes in trace-volume samples.This review explores the latest advancements in combining diverse optical waveguide architectures with SERS technology,focusing on strategies to optimize the sensing interface and SERS substrate design for maximal Raman signal enhancement.By enabling efficient analyte excitation and enhanced scattered signal collection through waveguide-mediated light-matter interactions,this approach unlocks new possibilities for high-sensitivity Raman detection.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of this integration to drive breakthroughs in fields such as biomedical diagnostics,environmental monitoring,and chemical sensing,paving the way for next-generation,portable and ultra-sensitive sensing platforms.展开更多
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)plays a critical role in nitrogen loss in estuarine and marine environments.However,the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of the anammox bacterial community remai...Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)plays a critical role in nitrogen loss in estuarine and marine environments.However,the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of the anammox bacterial community remain unclear.This study ana-lyzed the anammox bacterial diversity,community structure,and interspecific relationships in three estuaries along the Chinese coastline-the Changjiang Estuary(CJE),the Oujiang Estuary(OJE),and the Jiulong River Estuary(JLE)-as well as the South China Sea(SCS)to elucidate their community assembly mechanisms.The results indicated that the anammox bacterial commu-nity exhibited the highest ammonium concentration as well as the Shannon’s diversity index reflecting both species richness and evenness in the JLE.The lowest Shannon index was observed in the SCS.However,the anammox bacterial species richness was greatest in the CJE.Candidatus Scalindua was the predominant anammox bacteria identified in the coastal sediments,especially in the SCS sediments.Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were more abundant in the estuarine sediments,particularly in JLE,than in the SCS.Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct differentiation among Candidatus Scalindua,Candidatus Broca-dia,and Candidatus Kuenenia,with the former exhibiting a greater level of diversity.There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the anammox bacteria across the four regions,characterized by distinct distribution patterns for rare species.Low-abundance(rare)bacteria thrived in their native habitats,whereas abundant taxa displayed greater dispersal capabilities.An analysis of the community assembly mechanism suggested that ecological drift predominantly shaped the overall anammox bacterial community in the coastal sediments.Rare species were more susceptible to dispersal limitations and environmental selection.Co-occurrence network analysis identified Candidatus Scalindua as a keystone genus and highlighted that rare species may play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of the anammox bacterial community in coastal sediments.展开更多
Optic neuropathies lead to blindness;the common pathology is the degeneration of axons of the retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we used a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion and a one-time intravitreal brai...Optic neuropathies lead to blindness;the common pathology is the degeneration of axons of the retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we used a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion and a one-time intravitreal brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)injection;then we examined axon transportation function, continuity, physical presence of axons in different part of the optic nerve, and the expression level of proteins involved in axon transportation. We found that in the disease model, axon transportation was the most severely affected, followed by axon continuity, then the number of axons in the distal and proximal optic nerve. BDNF treatment relieved all reductions and significantly restored function. The molecular changes were more minor,probably due to massive gliosis of the optic nerve, so interpretation of protein expression data should be done with some caution.The process in this acute model resembles a fast-forward of changes in the chronic model of glaucoma. Therefore, impairment in axon transportation appears to be a common early process underlying different optic neuropathies. This research on effective intervention can be used to develop interventions for all optic neuropathies targeting axon transportation.展开更多
Medicarpin is an important bioactive compound with multiple medicinal activities,including anti-tumor,anti-osteoporosis,and anti-bacterial effects.Medicarpin is associated with pterocarpans derived from medicinal plan...Medicarpin is an important bioactive compound with multiple medicinal activities,including anti-tumor,anti-osteoporosis,and anti-bacterial effects.Medicarpin is associated with pterocarpans derived from medicinal plants,such as Sophora japonica,Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.However,these medicinal plants contain only low amounts of medicarpin.Moreover,the planting area for medicarpin-producing plants is limited;consequently,the current medicarpin supply cannot meet the high demands of medicinal markets.In this study,eight key genes involved in medicarpin biosynthesis were identified using comparative transcriptome and bioinformatic analyses.In vitro and in vivo enzymatic reaction confirmed the catalytic functions of candidate enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of medicarpin and medicarpin intermediates.Further engineering of these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae achieved the heterologous biosynthesis of medicarpin using liquiritigenin as a substrate,with a final medicarpin yield of 0.82±0.18 mg/L.By increasing the gene copy numbers of vestitone reductase(VR)and pterocarpan synthase(PTS),the final medicarpin yield was increased to 2.05±0.72 mg/L.This study provides a solid foundation for the economic and sustainable production of medicarpin through a synthetic biology strategy.展开更多
In this paper,a lattice Boltzmann model with BGK operator(LBGK)for solving time-fractional nonlinear wave equations in Caputo sense is proposed.First,the Caputo fractional derivative is approximated using the fast evo...In this paper,a lattice Boltzmann model with BGK operator(LBGK)for solving time-fractional nonlinear wave equations in Caputo sense is proposed.First,the Caputo fractional derivative is approximated using the fast evolution algorithm based on the sum-of-exponentials approximation.Then the target equation is transformed into an approximate form,and for which a LBGK model is developed.Through the Chapman-Enskog analysis,the macroscopic equation can be recovered from the present LBGK model.In addition,the proposed model can be extended to solve the time-fractional Klein-Gordon equation and the time-fractional Sine-Gordon equation.Finally,several numerical examples are performed to show the accuracy and efficiency of the present LBGK model.From the numerical results,the present model has a second-order accuracy in space.展开更多
This paper introduces a domain decomposition preconditioner for elliptic equations with rough coefficients. The coarse space of the domain decomposition method is constructed via the so-called rough polyharmonic splin...This paper introduces a domain decomposition preconditioner for elliptic equations with rough coefficients. The coarse space of the domain decomposition method is constructed via the so-called rough polyharmonic splines （RPS for short）. As an approximation space of the eUiptic problem, RPS is known to recover the quasi-optimal convergence rate and attain the quasi-optimal localization property. The authors lay out the formulation of the RPS based domain decomposition preconditioner, and numerically verify the performance boost of this method through several examples.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.23JQ08,No.YDZJ202502 CXJD077,No.JLARS-2025-0802-09 and No.YDZJ202501ZY TS706).
文摘As the aging population continues to grow,age-related health issues are becoming increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention and concern from society.While research on the mechanisms of aging is relatively extensive,studies on the association between aging and related diseases remain limited.G.lucidum,a traditional medicinal fungus,has garnered significant attention due to its diverse bioactive properties.Recent studies have revealed that G.lucidum and its active components exhibit significant potential in anti-aging and regulating dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.However,a comprehensive and detailed review of recent research findings has yet to be thoroughly explored.This paper summarizes and elucidates the latest advances in the pathological mechanisms of aging-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by retrieving data from databases such as X-mol and PubMed,provides a detailed account of the regulatory effects of G.lucidum’s primary active components on aging and lipid metabolism,and explores their potential mechanisms.Additionally,it discusses the application prospects of G.lucidum in the fields of anti-aging and metabolic regulation,aiming to provide a reference for research on aging-mediated lipid metabolism disorders and to lay a theoretical foundation for the further development and application of G.lucidum.
基金Supported by Guiding Project of Hebei Provincial Health Commission,No.20201190 and 20180220.
文摘BACKGROUND Effective health management for high-risk stroke populations is essential.The hospital-community-home(HCH)collaborative health management(CHM)model leverages resources from hospitals,communities,and families.By integrating patient information across these three domains,it facilitates the delivery of tailored guidance,health risk assessments,and three-in-one health education.AIM To explore the effects of the HCH-CHM model on stroke risk reduction in highrisk populations.METHODS In total,110 high-risk stroke patients screened in the community from January 2019 to January 2023 were enrolled,with 52 patients in the control group receiving routine health education and 58 in the observation group receiving HCH-CHM model interventions based on routine health education.Stroke awareness scores,health behavior levels,medication adherence,blood pressure,serum biochemical markers(systolic/diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,and triglyceride),and psychological measures(self-rating anxiety/depression scale)were evaluated and compared between groups.RESULTS The observation group showed statistically significant improvements in stroke awareness scores and health behavior levels compared to the control group(P<0.05),with notable enhancements in lifestyle and dietary habits(P<0.05)and reductions in postintervention systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,triglyceride,self-rating anxiety scale,and self-rating depression scale scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The HCH-CHM model had a significant positive effect on high-risk stroke populations,effectively increasing disease awareness,improving health behavior and medication adherence,and appropriately ameliorating blood pressure,serum biochemical marker levels,and negative psychological symptoms.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Talent Special Project,Nos.20240601086RC,23JQ08(all to ZH)YDZJ202502CXJD077+1 种基金JLARS-2025-0802-09YDZJ202501ZYTS706.
文摘Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease,osteoporosis,low immunity,glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and cardiovascular diseases.With the continuous increase of the elderly population,the pressure on the medical industry is increasing.To lower the burden on the medical industry and increase the average age of the elderly,it is vital to explore effective anti-aging materials.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),as a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb,is known as the“king of all herbs”.It is famous for its effects of“tonifying Qi,restoring pulse”(helping with the generation of Qi(the fundamental,vital energy that continuously flows within the body)and the circulation of blood)and strengthening the body,nourishing the spleen and lungs,generating fluids and nourishing blood,calming the mind and improving intelligence.Recently,its anti-aging effect has received increasing attention from modern scientific research.This study summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active ingredients of Renshen(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,etc.)on resisting aging,including preventing neuroaging,suppressing skin aging,mitigating ovarian aging,inhibiting osteoporosis and arthritis,enhancing the immune system of the elderly,protecting the cardiovascular system,resisting aging-induced fatigue and exerting the anti-tumor effects.Through network pharmacology and molecular docking,the anti-aging active ingredients of Renshen were screened,and the key targets and pathways of anti-aging active ingredients in Renshen were determined.Using network pharmacology,totally 106 drug targets and 3,479 disease targets were screened,and 79 common targets between aging and Renshen were identified.Three core targets were identified in the PPI network,including TNF,AKT1,and IL-1β.Molecular docking was used to obtain further verification.This study emphasizes the potential of Renshen as a source of anti-aging activity,which can be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of age-related diseases.
基金supported by projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81370977,81570796 and 81370018)by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(14411960900)
文摘Bone is an endocrine organ involved in modulating glucose homeostasis. The role of the bone formation marker osteocalcin （OCN） in predicting diabetes was reported, but with conflicting results. No study has explored the association between baseline bone resorption activity and incident diabetes or prediabetes during follow-up. Our objective was to examine the relationship between the baseline bone resorption marker crosslinked C-telopeptide of type I collagen （CTX） and glycemic dysregulation after 4 years. This longitudinal study was conducted in a university teaching hospital. A total of 195 normal glucose tolerant （NGT） women at baseline were invited for follow-up. The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes （collectively defined as dysglycemia） was recorded. A total of 128 individuals completed the 4-year study. The overall conversion rate from NGT to dysglycemia was 31.3%. The incidence of dysglycemia was lowest in the middle tertile [16.3% （95% confidence interval （CI）, 6.8%-30.70/0）] compared with the lower [31.0% （95% CI, 17.2%-46.1%）] and upper [46.5% （95% CI, 31.2%-62.6%）] tertiles of CTX, with a significant difference seen between the middle and upper tertiles （P = 0.002 5）. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, the upper tertile of baseline CTX was associated with an increased risk of incident dysglycemia, with an odds ratio of 7.09 （95% CI, 1.73-28.99） when the middle tertile was the reference. Osteoclasts actively regulate glucose homeostasis in a biphasic model that moderately enhanced bone resorption marker CTX at baseline provides protective effects against the deterioration of glucose metabolism, whereas an overactive osteoclastic function contributes to an increased risk of subsequent dysglycemia.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project 51574129
文摘The normal T6 heat treatment process for cast A356 alloy generally requires about 15 h. This longperiod procedure increases greatly the manufacturing cost and decreases the productivity in practical production. In this study, a new short-time heat treatment process with only 30 min solution time at 540℃ was developed for the production of motorcycle wheel hubs in order to reduce heat treatment time. Comparisons on microstructure evaluation and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility, were made between this new fast process and the conventional T6 heat treatment. The results revealed that this new heat treatment process enabled the spheroidization of the eutectic silicon thoroughly, while minimizing the growth of eutectic silicon. The A356 alloy after this new short-time heat treatment shows nearly equal mechanical properties compared with the same alloy heat treated in a normal T6 heat treatment. This investigation makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of heat treatment on A356 alloy and, at the same time, improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.
基金the grants NSFC 11971021National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YF645B0204404)NSFC 11501399(R.Du)。
文摘Recent years have witnessed growing interests in solving partial differential equations by deep neural networks,especially in the high-dimensional case.Unlike classical numerical methods,such as finite difference method and finite element method,the enforcement of boundary conditions in deep neural networks is highly nontrivial.One general strategy is to use the penalty method.In the work,we conduct a comparison study for elliptic problems with four different boundary conditions,i.e.,Dirichlet,Neumann,Robin,and periodic boundary conditions,using two representative methods:deep Galerkin method and deep Ritz method.In the former,the PDE residual is minimized in the least-squares sense while the corresponding variational problem is minimized in the latter.Therefore,it is reasonably expected that deep Galerkin method works better for smooth solutions while deep Ritz method works better for low-regularity solutions.However,by a number of examples,we observe that deep Ritz method can outperform deep Galerkin method with a clear dependence of dimensionality even for smooth solutions and deep Galerkin method can also outperform deep Ritz method for low-regularity solutions.Besides,in some cases,when the boundary condition can be implemented in an exact manner,we find that such a strategy not only provides a better approximate solution but also facilitates the training process.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571072 and 31600855).
文摘Dear Editor,In the past five years,we have developed a behavioral model of empathy for pain in rats[1-5].Experimentally,at least two types of behaviors associated with empathy for pain in rats can be identified,based on the evolutionary notion of the Russian doll model[6].One has been referred to as an observer's empathic consolation,which is driven by social interaction with a demonstrator in pain[3,7-9];the other is referred to as observational contagious pain(OCP or empathic transfer of pain)from a distressed object to a witnessing subject[1-3,5].
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571072 and 31600855)the Military Laboratory Animal Project(SYDW[2017]14 and SYDW[2018]07)。
文摘Dear Editor.Empathy for distress refers to the highly evolutionarilyconserved ability of humans and other social animals to feel,recognize,and understand others’painful conditions(pain,fear,and catastrophe)[1,2]and even benefit others by releasing distress through sharing,caring,and cooperation[1].In the past decade,several types of lower empathic response have been gradually identified and characterized in laboratory rodents(rats and mice),referred to as empathic contagious pain[3-5],observational fear learning[2],and contagious itch[6].
文摘BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors(ANETs) is related to lymph node(LN) metastasis and other factors.However,it is unclear how the number of examined LNs(ELNs) impact on survival.AIM To determine the factors affecting the cancer-specific survival(CSS) of patients with ANET and to evaluate the impact of the number of ELNs on survival.METHODS A total of 4583 ANET patients were analyzed in the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.Univariate survival analysis was used to identify factors related to survival and the optimal number of ELNs and lymph node ratio(LNR) were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method.The survival difference was determined by CSS.RESULTS Except for sex,the other factors,such as age,year,race,grade,histological type,stage,tumor size,ELNs,LNR,and surgery type,were associated with prognosis.The 3-,5-,and 10-year CSS rates of ANET patients were 91.2%,87.5,and 81.7%,respectively(median follow-up period of 31 mo and range of 0-499 mo).There was no survival difference between the two surgery types,namely,local resection and colectomy or greater,in both stratifications of tumor size ≥ 2 cm(P = 0.523)and < 2 cm(P = 0.068).In contrast to patients with a tumor size < 2 cm,those with a tumor size ≥ 2 cm were more likely to have LN metastasis(χ~2 = 378.16,P < 0.001).The optimal number of ELNs was more than 11,7,and 18 for all patients,nodenegative patients,and node-positive patients,respectively.CSS rates of patients with a larger number of ELNs were significantly improved(≤ 10 vs ≥ 11,χ~2 =20.303,P < 0.001;≤ 6 vs ≥ 7,χ~2 = 11.569,P < 0.001;≤ 17 vs ≥ 18,χ~2 = 21.990,P < 0.001;respectively).ANET patients with an LNR value ≤ 0.16 were more likely to have better survival than those with values of 0.17-0.48(χ~2 = 48.243,P < 0.001) and 0.49-1(χ~2 = 168.485,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION ANET ≥ 2 cm are more likely to develop LN metastasis.At least 11 ELNs are required to better evaluate the prognosis.For patients with positive LN metastasis,18 or more LNs need to be detected and lower LNR values(LNR ≤ 0.16) indicate a better survival prognosis.
文摘Hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis and progression of renal fibrosis.The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been sufficiently elucidated. We examined the role of p53 in hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis in cell culture (human and rat renal tubular epithelial cells) and a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Cell cycle of tubular cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of profibrogenic factors was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter experiments were performed to explore the effect of HIF-lα on p53 expression. We showed that, in hypoxic tubular cells, p53 upregulation suppressed the expression of CDK1 and cyclins Bl and DI, leading to cell cycle (G2/M) arrest (or delay) and higher expression of TGF-β, CTGF, collagens, and fibronectin. p53 suppression by siRNA or by a specific p53 inhibitor (PIF-α) triggered opposite effects preventing the G2/M arrest and profibrotic changes. In vivo experiments in the UUO model revealed similar antifibrotic results following intraperitoneal administration of PIF-α(2.2 mg/kg). Using gain-of-function, loss-of-function, and luciferase assays, we further identified an HRE3 region on the p53 promoter as the HIF-lα-binding site. The HIF-la-HRE3 binding resulted in a sharp transcriptional activation of p53. Collectively, we show the presence of a hypoxia-activated, p53-responsive profibrogenic pathway in the kidney. During hypoxia, p53 upregulation induced by HIF-la suppresses cell cycle progression, leading to the accumulation of G2/M cells, and activates profibrotic TGF-β and CTGF-mediated signaling pathways, causing extracellular matrix production and renal fibrosis.
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Nos.2016YFC1305202 and 2016YFC1304904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81670795 and 81870604)Yuhong Chen was supported by the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center for improving the control of type 2 diabetes in the suburbs of Shanghai(No.16CR4020A).
文摘The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged≥40 years in Shanghai,China.Oral glucose tole3rance test was conducted during baseline and follow-up visits.Relative risk regression was utilized to examine the associations between baseline gender-specific serum uric acid levels and incident diabetes risk.A total of 613(10.3%)incident diabetes cases were identified during the follow-up visit after 4.5 years.Fasting plasma glucose,postload glucose,and glycated hemoglobin A1c during the follow-up visit progressively increased across the sex-specific quartiles of serum uric acid(all Ps<0.05).The incidence rate of diabetes increased across the quartiles of serum uric acid(7.43%,8.77%,11.47%,and 13.43%).Multivariate adjusted regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had 1.36-fold increased risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum uric acid(odds ratio(95%confidence interval)=1.36(1.06−1.73)).Stratified analysis indicated that the association was only observed in women.Accordingly,serum uric acid was associated with the increased risk of incident diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.
基金funded by a key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31030036) to SH。
文摘We attempted to explore a noninvasive,easily applicable and economically affordable therapy for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).Rat pups were raised in 80%oxygen from postnatal day 7 to P12,and returned to room air.Travoprost eye drops were administered twice a day for 7 days,to reduce intraocular pressure(IOP)by about 20%.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize vessel endothelial cells,to analyze retinal neurons and cytoarchitecture.Behavioral experiments were carried out to test visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.At the end of the 7-day treatment,the number of vessels extending to the vitreous body was significantly reduced and retinal vessel density increased.This improvement was maintained to the end of the12 th week.In the central retina of the model group,the horizontal cells were completely wiped out,the outer plexiform layer was undetectable,and the rod bipolar cell dendrites sprouted into the outer nuclear layer.The treatment partially reverted these architectural changes.Most importantly,behavioral experiments revealed significantly improved visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the treated group.Therefore,reducing IOP could potentially serve as a safe and economical measure to treat ROP.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0100400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060774)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020GG0036)Basic Scientific Research Business Project of Universities directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(BR22-11-17).
文摘In lambs,weaning imposes stress that can contribute to impaired rumen epithelial barrier functionality and immunological dysregulation.In this study,the effects of a yeast co-culture consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus(NM)on rumen health in lambs was evaluated,with a focus on parameters including growth performance,ruminal fermentation,and epithelial barrier integrity,ruminal metabolic function,and the composition of the ruminal bacteria.In total,24 lambs were grouped into four groups of six lambs including a control(C)group fed a basal diet,and N,M,and NM groups in which lambs were fed the basal diet respectively supplemented with S.cerevisiae yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),K.marxianus yeast cultures(30 g/d per head),and co-cultures of both yeasts(30 g/d per head),the experiment lasted for 42 d.Subsequent analyses revealed that relative to the C group,the average daily gain(ADG)of lambs in the NM group was significantly greater and exhibited significant increases in a range of mRNA relative expression including monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 1(NHE1),(Na^(+))/hydrogen(H^(+))exchanger 3(NHE3),protoncoupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),vacuolar H^(+)-ATPase(vH+ ATPase),claudin-1,occludin in the rumen epithelium(P<0.05).Compared with the C group,the pH of the rumen contents in the NM group was significantly decreased,and the concentrations of acetate,propionate,and butyrate were significantly increased(P<0.05).Analysis of the rumen bacteria showed that the NM group exhibited increases in the relative abundance of Prevotella,Treponema,Moryella,Fibrobacter,CF231 and Ruminococcus(P<0.05).Metabolomics analyses revealed an increase in the relative content of phthalic acid and cinnamaldehyde in the NM group as compared to the C group(P<0.05),together with the greater relative content of L-tyrosine,L-dopa,rosmarinic acid,and tyrosol generated by the tyrosine metabolic pathway(P<0.05).Spearman's correlation analyses revealed relative abundance levels of Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus were positively correlated with the mRNA relative expression levels of PAT1,NHE3,and zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),as well as with tyrosol,phthalic acid,and cinnamaldehyde levels(P<0.05).Ultimately,these results suggest that dietary supplementation with NM has a wide range of beneficial effects on weaned lambs and is superior to single bacterial fermentation.These effects include improvements in daily gain and rumen epithelial barrier integrity,as well as improvements in the composition of the rumen microbiome,and alterations in tyrosine metabolic pathways.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42406182)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(GZC20232979)+3 种基金Jilin Postdoctoral Merit Funding Programthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2023TQ0369)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42327805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205091).
文摘Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS)integrated with optical waveguide sensing offers a transformative approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional SERS techniques,such as complex alignment requirements and limited signal collection efficiency.By leveraging the unique properties of optical waveguides,this integration significantly enhances detection sensitivity,simplifies sensor design,and enables the analysis of ultra-low concentration analytes in trace-volume samples.This review explores the latest advancements in combining diverse optical waveguide architectures with SERS technology,focusing on strategies to optimize the sensing interface and SERS substrate design for maximal Raman signal enhancement.By enabling efficient analyte excitation and enhanced scattered signal collection through waveguide-mediated light-matter interactions,this approach unlocks new possibilities for high-sensitivity Raman detection.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of this integration to drive breakthroughs in fields such as biomedical diagnostics,environmental monitoring,and chemical sensing,paving the way for next-generation,portable and ultra-sensitive sensing platforms.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42125603,42430404,and 42421004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805002).
文摘Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)plays a critical role in nitrogen loss in estuarine and marine environments.However,the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of the anammox bacterial community remain unclear.This study ana-lyzed the anammox bacterial diversity,community structure,and interspecific relationships in three estuaries along the Chinese coastline-the Changjiang Estuary(CJE),the Oujiang Estuary(OJE),and the Jiulong River Estuary(JLE)-as well as the South China Sea(SCS)to elucidate their community assembly mechanisms.The results indicated that the anammox bacterial commu-nity exhibited the highest ammonium concentration as well as the Shannon’s diversity index reflecting both species richness and evenness in the JLE.The lowest Shannon index was observed in the SCS.However,the anammox bacterial species richness was greatest in the CJE.Candidatus Scalindua was the predominant anammox bacteria identified in the coastal sediments,especially in the SCS sediments.Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were more abundant in the estuarine sediments,particularly in JLE,than in the SCS.Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct differentiation among Candidatus Scalindua,Candidatus Broca-dia,and Candidatus Kuenenia,with the former exhibiting a greater level of diversity.There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the anammox bacteria across the four regions,characterized by distinct distribution patterns for rare species.Low-abundance(rare)bacteria thrived in their native habitats,whereas abundant taxa displayed greater dispersal capabilities.An analysis of the community assembly mechanism suggested that ecological drift predominantly shaped the overall anammox bacterial community in the coastal sediments.Rare species were more susceptible to dispersal limitations and environmental selection.Co-occurrence network analysis identified Candidatus Scalindua as a keystone genus and highlighted that rare species may play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of the anammox bacterial community in coastal sediments.
基金supported by The Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31030036)to Shanghai。
文摘Optic neuropathies lead to blindness;the common pathology is the degeneration of axons of the retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we used a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion and a one-time intravitreal brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)injection;then we examined axon transportation function, continuity, physical presence of axons in different part of the optic nerve, and the expression level of proteins involved in axon transportation. We found that in the disease model, axon transportation was the most severely affected, followed by axon continuity, then the number of axons in the distal and proximal optic nerve. BDNF treatment relieved all reductions and significantly restored function. The molecular changes were more minor,probably due to massive gliosis of the optic nerve, so interpretation of protein expression data should be done with some caution.The process in this acute model resembles a fast-forward of changes in the chronic model of glaucoma. Therefore, impairment in axon transportation appears to be a common early process underlying different optic neuropathies. This research on effective intervention can be used to develop interventions for all optic neuropathies targeting axon transportation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903526,81991523,82072240,and 32270192)the Open Project of Chinese Materia Medica First-Class Discipline of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2020YLXK008 to W.L.)+3 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SIMM2205KF to W.L.)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SKLMR-20220704 to W.L.)Jiangsu Graduate Research Innovation Program Project(KYCX22_2024 to CJ.L.)the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology to W.L.,the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation,and Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Talent Program to W.L.
文摘Medicarpin is an important bioactive compound with multiple medicinal activities,including anti-tumor,anti-osteoporosis,and anti-bacterial effects.Medicarpin is associated with pterocarpans derived from medicinal plants,such as Sophora japonica,Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.However,these medicinal plants contain only low amounts of medicarpin.Moreover,the planting area for medicarpin-producing plants is limited;consequently,the current medicarpin supply cannot meet the high demands of medicinal markets.In this study,eight key genes involved in medicarpin biosynthesis were identified using comparative transcriptome and bioinformatic analyses.In vitro and in vivo enzymatic reaction confirmed the catalytic functions of candidate enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of medicarpin and medicarpin intermediates.Further engineering of these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae achieved the heterologous biosynthesis of medicarpin using liquiritigenin as a substrate,with a final medicarpin yield of 0.82±0.18 mg/L.By increasing the gene copy numbers of vestitone reductase(VR)and pterocarpan synthase(PTS),the final medicarpin yield was increased to 2.05±0.72 mg/L.This study provides a solid foundation for the economic and sustainable production of medicarpin through a synthetic biology strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11602057)and sponsored by Qing Lan Project.
文摘In this paper,a lattice Boltzmann model with BGK operator(LBGK)for solving time-fractional nonlinear wave equations in Caputo sense is proposed.First,the Caputo fractional derivative is approximated using the fast evolution algorithm based on the sum-of-exponentials approximation.Then the target equation is transformed into an approximate form,and for which a LBGK model is developed.Through the Chapman-Enskog analysis,the macroscopic equation can be recovered from the present LBGK model.In addition,the proposed model can be extended to solve the time-fractional Klein-Gordon equation and the time-fractional Sine-Gordon equation.Finally,several numerical examples are performed to show the accuracy and efficiency of the present LBGK model.From the numerical results,the present model has a second-order accuracy in space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11471214)the One Thousand Plan of China for young scientists
文摘This paper introduces a domain decomposition preconditioner for elliptic equations with rough coefficients. The coarse space of the domain decomposition method is constructed via the so-called rough polyharmonic splines （RPS for short）. As an approximation space of the eUiptic problem, RPS is known to recover the quasi-optimal convergence rate and attain the quasi-optimal localization property. The authors lay out the formulation of the RPS based domain decomposition preconditioner, and numerically verify the performance boost of this method through several examples.
