High molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS),major components of seed storage proteins in wheat,have large effects on processing quality.GLU-1 genes encode HMW-GS and their expression is mainly controlled at the tr...High molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS),major components of seed storage proteins in wheat,have large effects on processing quality.GLU-1 genes encode HMW-GS and their expression is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors.We previously identified an Aux/IAA transcription factor TaIAA10-6D that bound to a conserved cis-regulatory module CCRM1-1,the most essential conserved cis-regulatory module in GLU-1.Here,we confirmed the binding of TaIAA10-6D to CCRM1-1 using yeast one hybrid and dualluciferase reporter assays.The enhanced expression of TaIAA10-6D suppressed glutenin accumulation and increased gliadin content.Dynamic transcriptome analyses revealed that TaIAA10-6D overexpression down-regulated glutenin and gliadin genes during an early stage of grain filling,but up-regulated gliadin genes during a late stage probably by endoplasmic reticulum stress,accounting for its effect on the tradeoff between glutenin and gliadin.Rheological property and processing quality assays showed that TaIAA10-6D overproduction reduced stabilization time and bread quality,but enhanced cookie quality.Overexpression of TaIAA10-6D also reduced plant height,leaf size,kernel number and grain yield.We identified two major haplotypes of TaIAA10-6D,Hap I and Hap II,and developed a breeding-friendly diagnostic marker.Hap I conferred higher expression of TaIAA10-6D and concomitantly reduced plant height and kernel number,but had little effect on grain yield,contributing to lodging resistance without yield penalty.Hap I was subjected to positive selection in breeding.The findings provide a useful gene for wheat improvement and broaden insights into the regulatory machinery underpinning auxin-mediated quality formation,plant morphogenesis and yield gain.展开更多
To combat environmental pollution,a viable option is to adjust industrial structures to reduce the emissions of pollut-ants.One means to gauge the effects of such change is to assess the potential ecological risk of t...To combat environmental pollution,a viable option is to adjust industrial structures to reduce the emissions of pollut-ants.One means to gauge the effects of such change is to assess the potential ecological risk of the pollutants of anthro-pogenic origin.The present study examines an urbanized waterway in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)of China as the study region.This study aims to gauge the effects of such an industrial adjustment by assessing the state of pollution as well as related ecological risk in surface water and sediment caused by certain largely anthropogenically derived heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,and Pb,which are the key heavy metal pollutants that need to be prevented and controlled as per the list in the 13th Five Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution in Guang-dong Province).The average concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were present in the order Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd and were all higher than baseline values.These concentrations increased in the period from 2008 to 2011,but declined from 2011 to 2018,which is consistent with the shift in local industrial structures from high pollutant-emitting industries to low ones.The results revealed that there was an overwhelming occurrence of Cr in the residual fraction,as it can be strongly bound to crystalline structures.Nickel and As also mainly occurred in the residual fraction.Zinc was chiefly bound to the reducible and residual fractions.Cadmium was primarily affiliated with the acid-soluble fraction,whereas Cu and Pb were mainly affiliated with the reducible fraction.These results suggest that the presence of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb was impacted more by human activities as compared to that of Cr,Ni,and As.Further,nickel was the most dominant contributor to ecological pollution in water,while Cd contributed the most to sediment pollution.Despite the tremendous efforts in adjusting industrial structures in the study region,potential ecological risks due to anthropo-genic activities has remained a threat to the aquatic environment and should be further reduced.展开更多
A novel, practical and concise synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-l-gulose is described, using d-glucurono- lactone as the starting material and other inexpensive and readily available agents （22% overall yield in 9...A novel, practical and concise synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-l-gulose is described, using d-glucurono- lactone as the starting material and other inexpensive and readily available agents （22% overall yield in 9 steps）. With this method, the synthesis of/-gulose and the tumor-targeting disaccharide of BLMs can be more efficient and convenient.展开更多
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406903)the National Natural and Science Foundation of China(32272182)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241955)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS).
文摘High molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS),major components of seed storage proteins in wheat,have large effects on processing quality.GLU-1 genes encode HMW-GS and their expression is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors.We previously identified an Aux/IAA transcription factor TaIAA10-6D that bound to a conserved cis-regulatory module CCRM1-1,the most essential conserved cis-regulatory module in GLU-1.Here,we confirmed the binding of TaIAA10-6D to CCRM1-1 using yeast one hybrid and dualluciferase reporter assays.The enhanced expression of TaIAA10-6D suppressed glutenin accumulation and increased gliadin content.Dynamic transcriptome analyses revealed that TaIAA10-6D overexpression down-regulated glutenin and gliadin genes during an early stage of grain filling,but up-regulated gliadin genes during a late stage probably by endoplasmic reticulum stress,accounting for its effect on the tradeoff between glutenin and gliadin.Rheological property and processing quality assays showed that TaIAA10-6D overproduction reduced stabilization time and bread quality,but enhanced cookie quality.Overexpression of TaIAA10-6D also reduced plant height,leaf size,kernel number and grain yield.We identified two major haplotypes of TaIAA10-6D,Hap I and Hap II,and developed a breeding-friendly diagnostic marker.Hap I conferred higher expression of TaIAA10-6D and concomitantly reduced plant height and kernel number,but had little effect on grain yield,contributing to lodging resistance without yield penalty.Hap I was subjected to positive selection in breeding.The findings provide a useful gene for wheat improvement and broaden insights into the regulatory machinery underpinning auxin-mediated quality formation,plant morphogenesis and yield gain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2015B020237006).
文摘To combat environmental pollution,a viable option is to adjust industrial structures to reduce the emissions of pollut-ants.One means to gauge the effects of such change is to assess the potential ecological risk of the pollutants of anthro-pogenic origin.The present study examines an urbanized waterway in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)of China as the study region.This study aims to gauge the effects of such an industrial adjustment by assessing the state of pollution as well as related ecological risk in surface water and sediment caused by certain largely anthropogenically derived heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,and Pb,which are the key heavy metal pollutants that need to be prevented and controlled as per the list in the 13th Five Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution in Guang-dong Province).The average concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were present in the order Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd and were all higher than baseline values.These concentrations increased in the period from 2008 to 2011,but declined from 2011 to 2018,which is consistent with the shift in local industrial structures from high pollutant-emitting industries to low ones.The results revealed that there was an overwhelming occurrence of Cr in the residual fraction,as it can be strongly bound to crystalline structures.Nickel and As also mainly occurred in the residual fraction.Zinc was chiefly bound to the reducible and residual fractions.Cadmium was primarily affiliated with the acid-soluble fraction,whereas Cu and Pb were mainly affiliated with the reducible fraction.These results suggest that the presence of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb was impacted more by human activities as compared to that of Cr,Ni,and As.Further,nickel was the most dominant contributor to ecological pollution in water,while Cd contributed the most to sediment pollution.Despite the tremendous efforts in adjusting industrial structures in the study region,potential ecological risks due to anthropo-genic activities has remained a threat to the aquatic environment and should be further reduced.
文摘A novel, practical and concise synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-l-gulose is described, using d-glucurono- lactone as the starting material and other inexpensive and readily available agents （22% overall yield in 9 steps）. With this method, the synthesis of/-gulose and the tumor-targeting disaccharide of BLMs can be more efficient and convenient.
