Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effec...Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effect of sow backfat thickness on litter size is associated with endometrial receptivity and whether melatonin treatment may have benefits.The present study seeks to answer these questions through in vitro and in vivo investigations.Results Excessive lipid deposition and lower melatonin levels in the uterus are detrimental to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in high backfat thickness sows.In cells treated with melatonin,the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis played a role in reducing lipid accumulation in porcine endometrial epithelium cells and improved endometrial receptivity.Furthermore,we found a reduction of lipids in the uterus after eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to HFD mice.Notably,melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the deposition of endometrial collagen,an increase in the number of glands,and repair of the pinopode structure,ultimately improving endometrial receptivity,promoting embryo implantation,and increasing the number of litter size of mice.Conclusions Collectively,the finding reveals the harmful effects of high backfat thickness sows on embryo implantation and highlight the role of melatonin and the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis in improving endometrial receptivity by enhancing metabolism and reducing the levels of uterine lipids in obese animals.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common digestive malignancy,and chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment.Myelosuppression,a frequent hematologic toxicity,poses significant clinical challenges.However,no inter...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common digestive malignancy,and chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment.Myelosuppression,a frequent hematologic toxicity,poses significant clinical challenges.However,no interpretable machine learning-based nomogram exists to predict chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colorectal cancer patients.This study aimed to develop and validate an inter-pretable clinic-machine learning nomogram integrating clinical predictors with multiple algorithms via a feature mapping algorithm.The model provides accurate risk estimation and clinical interpretability,supporting individualized prevention strategies and optimizing decision-making in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.AIM To develop and validate an interpretable clinic-machine learning nomogram predicting chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colorectal cancer.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 855 colorectal cancer patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.Data were split into training(n=612),validation(n=153),and testing(n=90)cohorts.Ten predictors were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,decision tree,random forest,and expert con-sensus.Ten machine learning algorithms were applied,with performance assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),area under the precision-recall curve(AUPRC),calibration,and decision curves.The optimal model was integrated into a clinic-machine learning nomogram via the feature mapping algorithm,which was internally validated for predictive accuracy and clinical utility.(AUPRC),calibration,and decision curves.The optimal model was integrated into a clinic-machine learning nomogram via the feature mapping algorithm,which was internally validated for predictive accuracy and clinical utility.RESULTS A total of 855 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled,with 765 cases(April 2020 to December 2023)used for model training and validation,and 90 cases(January 2024 to July 2024)for internal testing.Baseline clinical features did not differ significantly between training and validation cohorts(P>0.05).Ten predictors were identified through integrated feature selection and expert consensus,including age,body surface area,body mass index,tumor position,albumin,carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA125,chemotherapy regimen,and chemotherapy cycles.Among ten machine learning algorithms,extreme gradient boosting achieved the best validation performance(AUC=0.97,AUPRC=0.92,sensitivity=0.79,specificity=0.92,accuracy=0.88).Logistic regression confirmed extra trees and random forest as independent predictors,which were incorporated into a clinic-machine learning nomogram.The clinic-machine learning nomogram demonstrated superior discrimination(AUC=0.96,AUPRC=0.93,accuracy=0.90,specificity=0.95),good calibration,and greater net clinical benefit across a wide probability range(10%-90%).Internal testing further confirmed its robustness and generalizability(AUC=0.95).CONCLUSION The clinic-machine learning nomogram accurately predicts chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colorectal cancer,providing interpretability and clinical utility to support individualized risk assessment and treatment decision-making.展开更多
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by oxidative damage,and is implicated in various pathological conditions,including neurodegenerative diseases,retinal damage,and ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs.I...Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by oxidative damage,and is implicated in various pathological conditions,including neurodegenerative diseases,retinal damage,and ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs.Inhibiting ferroptosis has shown great promise as a therapeutic strategy for these diseases,underscoring the urgent need to develop effective ferroptosis inhibitors.Although Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor,its susceptibility to oxidation and metabolic inactivation limits its clinical utility.In this study,the accumulation of peroxides and the resulting oxidative damage in the cellular microenvironment during ferroptosis were utilized to design Ferrostatin-1 prodrugs with reactive oxygen species-responsive features.This approach led to the development of a series of ferroptosis inhibitors that were capable of recognizing oxidative damage in diseased areas,allowing for targeted release and improved stability.The novel compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory effects and selectivity against RSL-3-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells,with compound a1 exhibiting an EC50 of 15.4�0.7μM,outperforming Fer-1.These compounds effectively identify the oxidative microenvironment associated with ferroptosis,enabling the targeted release of Fer-1,which prevents lipid peroxide accumulation and inhibits ferroptosis.This strategy holds promise for treating diseases related to ferroptosis,offering a targeted and intelligent therapeutic approach.展开更多
Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secre...Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi adipocytes.Results Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in SOL-EXO.Conclusions Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.展开更多
Heavy metals(HMs)and antibiotic resistance have become serious environmental problems affecting soil and human health.Soil microorganisms play key roles in pollutant degradation and biogeochemical cycling processes;ho...Heavy metals(HMs)and antibiotic resistance have become serious environmental problems affecting soil and human health.Soil microorganisms play key roles in pollutant degradation and biogeochemical cycling processes;however,the interactions among HMs,soil microbial communities,and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in agricultural soils remain unclear.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and NovaSeq sequencing,we evaluated heavy metal contents,abundances of ARGs,soil bacterial community structure and functions,and their correlations in paddy soils at 43 sampling sites along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,central and eastern China.Our results showed the co-occurrence of HMs,ARGs,and HM resistance genes across all paddy soils.Additionally,significant positive associations were detected between HMs and resistance genes.Cadmium,czcA,and int1 were positively correlated with bacterial community diversity.The Mantel test showed that bacterial community composition and functions were significantly associated with HMs and resistance genes,such as Cd,Cr,Zn,copA,czcA,int1,and sul1.Moreover,HMs and ARGs were the major factors shaping soil bacterial communities;thus,HMs triggered proliferation of HM and antibiotic resistances by influencing the mobile genetic element(int1)and soil microbial communities.Our study revealed that HMs potentially drive the co-selection of ARGs by shifting soil bacterial community structure and functions,thereby increasing the potential risks to human health as well as ecological environment in the paddy soils along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.展开更多
A novel cationic Pt(Ⅱ)complex 2 with 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine as the cyclometalating ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as the auxiliary ligand has been synthesized and fully characterized.This complex exhibits muc...A novel cationic Pt(Ⅱ)complex 2 with 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine as the cyclometalating ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as the auxiliary ligand has been synthesized and fully characterized.This complex exhibits much higher aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission activity than that of a nonfluorinated complex 1 in CH_(3)CN/H_(2)O.The complex 2 demonstrates efficient detection on picric acid(PA)in CH_(3)CN/H_(2)O,providing a high quenching constant(K_(SV)=2.3×10^(4) L/mol)and a low limit of detection(LOD=0.26μmol/L).In addition,complex 2 shows high selectivity for detection of PA in real water samples.Density functional theory calculations and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra suggest that the detection mechanism is attributed to the photo-induced electron transfer.展开更多
Traditional autoclaving,slow degradation rate and preservation of biomass treated by fungi are the main factors restricting biological treatment.In our previous studies,strains with high efficiency and selective ligni...Traditional autoclaving,slow degradation rate and preservation of biomass treated by fungi are the main factors restricting biological treatment.In our previous studies,strains with high efficiency and selective lignin degradation ability were obtained.To further solve the limiting factors of biological treatment,this paper proposed a composite treatment technology,which could replace autoclaves for fungal treatment and improve the preservation and utilization of fungal-pretreated straw.The autoclaved and expanded buckwheat straw were,respectively,degraded by Irpex lacteus for 14 days(CIL,EIL),followed by ensiling of raw materials(CK)and biodegraded straw of CIL and EIL samples with Lactobacillus plantarum for different days,respectively(CP,CIP,EIP).An expansion led to lactic acid bacteria,mold,and yeast of the samples below the detection line,and aerobic bacteria was significantly reduced,indicating a positive sterilization effect.Expansion before I.lacteus significantly enhanced lignin selective degradation by about 6%,and the absolute content of natural detergent solute was about 5%higher than that of the CIL.Moreover,EIL decreased pH by producing higher organic acids.The combination treatment created favorable conditions for ensiling.During ensiling,EIP silage produced high lactic acid about 26.83 g/kg DM and the highest acetic acid about 22.35 g/kg DM,and the pH value could be stable at 4.50.Expansion before I.lacteus optimized the microbial community for ensiling,resulting in EIP silage co-dominated by Lactobacillus,Pediococcus and Weissella,whereas only Lactobacillus was always dominant in CP and CIP silage.Clavispora gradually replaced Irpex in EIP silage,which potentially promoted lactic acid bacteria growth and acetic acid production.In vitro gas production(IVGP)in EIL was increased by 30%relative to CK and was higher than 24%in CIL.The role of expansion was more significant after ensiling,the IVGP in EIP was increased by 22%relative to CP,while that in CIP silage was only increased by 9%.Silage of fungal-treated samples reduced methane emissions by 28%to 31%.The study demonstrated that expansion provides advantages for fungal colonization and delignification,and further improves the microbial community and fermentation quality for silage,enhancing the nutrition and utilization value.This has practical application value for scaling up biological treatment and preserving the fungal-treated lignocellulose.展开更多
The research status of continuous nursing of patients with chronic wounds is reviewed.Since the research on continuous nursing of chronic wound patients in China is still in the initial stage,if necessary,learn from f...The research status of continuous nursing of patients with chronic wounds is reviewed.Since the research on continuous nursing of chronic wound patients in China is still in the initial stage,if necessary,learn from foreign experience,improve relevant systems,develop corresponding evaluation tools,actively implement telemedicine,and carry out hospital-community linkage models,etc.to provide high-quality nursing services for patients with chronic wounds.展开更多
The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing...The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing factors,and intervention strategies for the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors will be examined in this paper.To improve the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors,it is recommended that future studies enhance the number of intervention research methods and establish particular evaluation tools.展开更多
Background: Intramuscular fat(IMF) content is a vital parameter for assessing pork quality. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) play an important role in regulating porcine IMF deposition. Here, a nov...Background: Intramuscular fat(IMF) content is a vital parameter for assessing pork quality. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) play an important role in regulating porcine IMF deposition. Here, a novel miRNA implicated in porcine IMF adipogenesis was found, and its effect and regulatory mechanism were further explored with respect to intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.Results: By porcine adipose tissue miRNA sequencing analysis, we found that miR-146a-5p is a potential regulator of porcine IMF adipogenesis. Further studies showed that miR-146a-5p mimics inhibited porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, while the miR-146a-5p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p suppressed cell proliferation by directly targeting SMAD family member 4(SMAD4) to attenuate TGF-β signaling. Moreover, miR-146a-5p inhibited the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6) to weaken the AKT/mTORC1 signaling downstream of the TRAF6 pathway.Conclusions: MiR-146a-5p targets SMAD4 and TRAF6 to inhibit porcine intramuscular adipogenesis by attenuating TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signaling, respectively. These findings provide a novel miRNA biomarker for regulating intramuscular adipogenesis to promote pork quality.展开更多
Catalytic conversion of CO_(2)into chemicals and fuels is a viable method to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.Through thermal catalysis,electrocatalysis,and photo(electro)catalysis,CO_(2)can be co...Catalytic conversion of CO_(2)into chemicals and fuels is a viable method to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.Through thermal catalysis,electrocatalysis,and photo(electro)catalysis,CO_(2)can be converted into a wide range of valuable products,including CO,formic acid,methanol,methane,ethanol,acetic acid,propanol,light olefi ns,aromatics,and gasoline,as well as fi ne chemicals.In this mini-review,we summarize the recent progress in heterogeneous catalysis for CO_(2)conversion into chemicals and fuels and highlight some representative studies of diff erent conversion routes.The structure-performance correlations of typical catalytic materials used for the CO_(2)conversion reactions have been revealed by combining advanced in situ/operando spectroscopy and microscopy characterizations and density functional theory cal-culations.Catalytic selectivity toward a single CO_(2)reduction product/fraction should be further improved at an industrially relevant CO_(2)conversion rate with considerable stability in the future.展开更多
In petroleum industries and seawater environment,the corrosion phenomena have become particularly harsh,especially for pipelines and pressure vessels that transport or contain media that contain quantities of corrosiv...In petroleum industries and seawater environment,the corrosion phenomena have become particularly harsh,especially for pipelines and pressure vessels that transport or contain media that contain quantities of corrosive medium,such as sulfides,chlorides,and carbon dioxide,etc.The occurrence of corrosion failure will not only reduce the mechanical properties of materials.展开更多
1.Introduction At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020,President Xi Jinping pledged that China would peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060(...1.Introduction At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020,President Xi Jinping pledged that China would peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060(hereinafter referred to as“peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality”).This statement indicated that China would contribute to the global community in order to aim toward a shared future for humankind and would establish a schedule for the promotion of green,low-carbon,and highquality development,which will benefit China’s overall and long-term development.China’s total carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2005,making China the world’s largest carbon emitter.Due to the nation’s rapid and sustained economic growth,China’s emissions reached 9.83 billion tonnes in 2019,accounting for 28.8%of the global total[1].展开更多
Flexible solid-state battery has several unique characteristics including high flexibility,easy portability,and high safety,which may have broad application prospects in new technology products such as rollup displays...Flexible solid-state battery has several unique characteristics including high flexibility,easy portability,and high safety,which may have broad application prospects in new technology products such as rollup displays,power implantable medical devices,and wearable equipments.The interfacial mechanical and electrochemical problems caused by bending deformation,resulting in the battery damage and failure,are particularly interesting.Herein,a fully coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model is developed based on the actual solid-state battery structure.Concentration-dependent material parameters,stress-dependent diffusion,and potential shift are considered.According to four bending forms(k=8/mm,0/mm,-8/mm,and free),the results show that the negative curvature bending is beneficial to reducing the plastic strain during charging/discharging,while the positive curvature is detrimental.However,with respect to the electrochemical performance,the negative curvature bending creates a negative potential shift,which causes the battery to reach the cut-off voltage earlier and results in capacity loss.These results enlighten us that suitable electrode materials and charging strategy can be tailored to reduce plastic deformation and improve battery capacity for different forms of battery bending.展开更多
Carbamazepine is frequently detected in waters and hardly eliminated during conventional wastewater treatment processes due to its complicated chemical structure and resistance to biodegradation. A carbamazepine-degra...Carbamazepine is frequently detected in waters and hardly eliminated during conventional wastewater treatment processes due to its complicated chemical structure and resistance to biodegradation. A carbamazepine-degrading bacterium named CBZ-4 was isolated at a low temperature （10℃） from activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Strain CBZ-4, which can use carbamazepine as its sole source of carbon and energy, was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The composition and percentage of fatty acids, which can reveal the cold-adaptation mechanism of strain CBZ-4, were determined. Strain CBZ-4 can effectively degrade carbamazepine at optimal conditions： pH 7.0, 10℃, 150 r/min rotation speed, and 13% inoculation volume. The average removal rate of carbamazepine was 46.6% after 144 hr of incubation. The biodegradation kinetics of carbamazepine by CBZ-4 was fitted via the Monod model. Vmax and Ks were found to be 0.0094 hr^-1 and 32.5 mg/L, respectively.展开更多
Regulating the selectivity toward a target hydrocarbon product is still the focus of CO_(2)electroreduction.Here,we discover that the original surface Cu species in Cu gas-diffusion electrodes plays a more important r...Regulating the selectivity toward a target hydrocarbon product is still the focus of CO_(2)electroreduction.Here,we discover that the original surface Cu species in Cu gas-diffusion electrodes plays a more important role than the surface roughness,local pH,and facet in governing the selectivity toward C_(1)or C_(2)hydrocarbons.The selectivity toward C_(2)H_(4) progressively increases,while CH_(4) decreases steadily upon lowering the Cu oxidation species fraction.At a relatively low electrodeposition voltage of 1.5 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the highest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio favors the pathways of∗CO hydrogenation to form CH_(4) with maximum Faradaic efficiency of 65.4%and partial current density of 228 mA cm^(−2)at−0.83 V vs RHE.At 2.0 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the lowest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio prefers C-C coupling to form C_(2)+products with Faradaic efficiency topping 80.1%at−0.75 V vs RHE,where the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)H_(4) accounts for 46.4%and the partial current density of C_(2)H_(4) achieves 279 mA cm^(−2).This work demonstrates that the selectivity from CH_(4) to C_(2)H_(4) is switchable by tuning surface Cu species composition of Cu gas-diffusion electrodes.展开更多
The inert carbon–carbon(C–C) bonds cleavage is a main bottleneck in the chemical upcycling of recalcitrant polyolefin plastics waste. Here we develop an efficient strategy to catalyze the complete cleavage of C–C b...The inert carbon–carbon(C–C) bonds cleavage is a main bottleneck in the chemical upcycling of recalcitrant polyolefin plastics waste. Here we develop an efficient strategy to catalyze the complete cleavage of C–C bonds in mixed polyolefin plastics over non-noble metal catalysts under mild conditions. The nickelbased catalyst involving Ni_(2)Al_(3) phase enables the direct transformation of mixed polyolefin plastics into natural gas, and the gas carbon yield reaches up to 89.6%. Reaction pathway investigation reveals that natural gas comes from the stepwise catalytic cleavage of C–C bonds in polypropylene, and the catalyst prefers catalytic cleavage of terminal C–C bond in the side-chain with the low energy barrier.Additionally, our developed approach is evaluated by the technical economic analysis for an economically competitive production process.展开更多
A novel zirconium-based membrane material of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-6 with cubic perovskite structure was synthesized for the first time through a method of citric and EDTA acid combined complexes. The structural stabili...A novel zirconium-based membrane material of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-6 with cubic perovskite structure was synthesized for the first time through a method of citric and EDTA acid combined complexes. The structural stability was characterized by XRD, O-2-TPD and H-2-TPR techniques respectively. The high oxygen permeation flux of 0.873 mL/cm(2) min at 950 degreesC was obtained under He/Air gradient. Meanwhile, the single activation energy for oxygen permeation and the long-term steady operation of 200 h at 800 degreesC were achieved.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35-PIG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272847,U22A20516)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF1000602)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2022ZDLNY01–04)。
文摘Background Increased backfat thickness of sows in early gestation is negative to reproductive performance.Endometrial receptivity is an important determinant of reproductive success,but it is unclear whether the effect of sow backfat thickness on litter size is associated with endometrial receptivity and whether melatonin treatment may have benefits.The present study seeks to answer these questions through in vitro and in vivo investigations.Results Excessive lipid deposition and lower melatonin levels in the uterus are detrimental to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in high backfat thickness sows.In cells treated with melatonin,the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis played a role in reducing lipid accumulation in porcine endometrial epithelium cells and improved endometrial receptivity.Furthermore,we found a reduction of lipids in the uterus after eight weeks of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to HFD mice.Notably,melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the deposition of endometrial collagen,an increase in the number of glands,and repair of the pinopode structure,ultimately improving endometrial receptivity,promoting embryo implantation,and increasing the number of litter size of mice.Conclusions Collectively,the finding reveals the harmful effects of high backfat thickness sows on embryo implantation and highlight the role of melatonin and the MT2/PI3K/LIF axis in improving endometrial receptivity by enhancing metabolism and reducing the levels of uterine lipids in obese animals.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.7252262High Level Chinese Medical Hospital Promotion Project,No.HLCMHPP2023085+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174463National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-C202205China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.CI2021A01804 and No.2022S469.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common digestive malignancy,and chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment.Myelosuppression,a frequent hematologic toxicity,poses significant clinical challenges.However,no interpretable machine learning-based nomogram exists to predict chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colorectal cancer patients.This study aimed to develop and validate an inter-pretable clinic-machine learning nomogram integrating clinical predictors with multiple algorithms via a feature mapping algorithm.The model provides accurate risk estimation and clinical interpretability,supporting individualized prevention strategies and optimizing decision-making in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.AIM To develop and validate an interpretable clinic-machine learning nomogram predicting chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colorectal cancer.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 855 colorectal cancer patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.Data were split into training(n=612),validation(n=153),and testing(n=90)cohorts.Ten predictors were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,decision tree,random forest,and expert con-sensus.Ten machine learning algorithms were applied,with performance assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),area under the precision-recall curve(AUPRC),calibration,and decision curves.The optimal model was integrated into a clinic-machine learning nomogram via the feature mapping algorithm,which was internally validated for predictive accuracy and clinical utility.(AUPRC),calibration,and decision curves.The optimal model was integrated into a clinic-machine learning nomogram via the feature mapping algorithm,which was internally validated for predictive accuracy and clinical utility.RESULTS A total of 855 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled,with 765 cases(April 2020 to December 2023)used for model training and validation,and 90 cases(January 2024 to July 2024)for internal testing.Baseline clinical features did not differ significantly between training and validation cohorts(P>0.05).Ten predictors were identified through integrated feature selection and expert consensus,including age,body surface area,body mass index,tumor position,albumin,carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA125,chemotherapy regimen,and chemotherapy cycles.Among ten machine learning algorithms,extreme gradient boosting achieved the best validation performance(AUC=0.97,AUPRC=0.92,sensitivity=0.79,specificity=0.92,accuracy=0.88).Logistic regression confirmed extra trees and random forest as independent predictors,which were incorporated into a clinic-machine learning nomogram.The clinic-machine learning nomogram demonstrated superior discrimination(AUC=0.96,AUPRC=0.93,accuracy=0.90,specificity=0.95),good calibration,and greater net clinical benefit across a wide probability range(10%-90%).Internal testing further confirmed its robustness and generalizability(AUC=0.95).CONCLUSION The clinic-machine learning nomogram accurately predicts chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colorectal cancer,providing interpretability and clinical utility to support individualized risk assessment and treatment decision-making.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MSBA-020)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(DUT24MS020)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Dalian(2022JJ13SN073).
文摘Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by oxidative damage,and is implicated in various pathological conditions,including neurodegenerative diseases,retinal damage,and ischemia-reperfusion injury of organs.Inhibiting ferroptosis has shown great promise as a therapeutic strategy for these diseases,underscoring the urgent need to develop effective ferroptosis inhibitors.Although Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor,its susceptibility to oxidation and metabolic inactivation limits its clinical utility.In this study,the accumulation of peroxides and the resulting oxidative damage in the cellular microenvironment during ferroptosis were utilized to design Ferrostatin-1 prodrugs with reactive oxygen species-responsive features.This approach led to the development of a series of ferroptosis inhibitors that were capable of recognizing oxidative damage in diseased areas,allowing for targeted release and improved stability.The novel compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory effects and selectivity against RSL-3-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells,with compound a1 exhibiting an EC50 of 15.4�0.7μM,outperforming Fer-1.These compounds effectively identify the oxidative microenvironment associated with ferroptosis,enabling the targeted release of Fer-1,which prevents lipid peroxide accumulation and inhibits ferroptosis.This strategy holds promise for treating diseases related to ferroptosis,offering a targeted and intelligent therapeutic approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272847, U22A20516)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2022ZDLNY01-04)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-35)。
文摘Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi adipocytes.Results Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in SOL-EXO.Conclusions Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.
基金sponsored by the Outstanding Innovative Research Team for Molecular Enzymology and Detection in Anhui Provincial Universities,China(No.2022AH010012)the Program of Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources,China(No.swzy202001)。
文摘Heavy metals(HMs)and antibiotic resistance have become serious environmental problems affecting soil and human health.Soil microorganisms play key roles in pollutant degradation and biogeochemical cycling processes;however,the interactions among HMs,soil microbial communities,and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in agricultural soils remain unclear.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and NovaSeq sequencing,we evaluated heavy metal contents,abundances of ARGs,soil bacterial community structure and functions,and their correlations in paddy soils at 43 sampling sites along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,central and eastern China.Our results showed the co-occurrence of HMs,ARGs,and HM resistance genes across all paddy soils.Additionally,significant positive associations were detected between HMs and resistance genes.Cadmium,czcA,and int1 were positively correlated with bacterial community diversity.The Mantel test showed that bacterial community composition and functions were significantly associated with HMs and resistance genes,such as Cd,Cr,Zn,copA,czcA,int1,and sul1.Moreover,HMs and ARGs were the major factors shaping soil bacterial communities;thus,HMs triggered proliferation of HM and antibiotic resistances by influencing the mobile genetic element(int1)and soil microbial communities.Our study revealed that HMs potentially drive the co-selection of ARGs by shifting soil bacterial community structure and functions,thereby increasing the potential risks to human health as well as ecological environment in the paddy soils along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978042)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB610).
文摘A novel cationic Pt(Ⅱ)complex 2 with 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine as the cyclometalating ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as the auxiliary ligand has been synthesized and fully characterized.This complex exhibits much higher aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission activity than that of a nonfluorinated complex 1 in CH_(3)CN/H_(2)O.The complex 2 demonstrates efficient detection on picric acid(PA)in CH_(3)CN/H_(2)O,providing a high quenching constant(K_(SV)=2.3×10^(4) L/mol)and a low limit of detection(LOD=0.26μmol/L).In addition,complex 2 shows high selectivity for detection of PA in real water samples.Density functional theory calculations and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra suggest that the detection mechanism is attributed to the photo-induced electron transfer.
文摘Traditional autoclaving,slow degradation rate and preservation of biomass treated by fungi are the main factors restricting biological treatment.In our previous studies,strains with high efficiency and selective lignin degradation ability were obtained.To further solve the limiting factors of biological treatment,this paper proposed a composite treatment technology,which could replace autoclaves for fungal treatment and improve the preservation and utilization of fungal-pretreated straw.The autoclaved and expanded buckwheat straw were,respectively,degraded by Irpex lacteus for 14 days(CIL,EIL),followed by ensiling of raw materials(CK)and biodegraded straw of CIL and EIL samples with Lactobacillus plantarum for different days,respectively(CP,CIP,EIP).An expansion led to lactic acid bacteria,mold,and yeast of the samples below the detection line,and aerobic bacteria was significantly reduced,indicating a positive sterilization effect.Expansion before I.lacteus significantly enhanced lignin selective degradation by about 6%,and the absolute content of natural detergent solute was about 5%higher than that of the CIL.Moreover,EIL decreased pH by producing higher organic acids.The combination treatment created favorable conditions for ensiling.During ensiling,EIP silage produced high lactic acid about 26.83 g/kg DM and the highest acetic acid about 22.35 g/kg DM,and the pH value could be stable at 4.50.Expansion before I.lacteus optimized the microbial community for ensiling,resulting in EIP silage co-dominated by Lactobacillus,Pediococcus and Weissella,whereas only Lactobacillus was always dominant in CP and CIP silage.Clavispora gradually replaced Irpex in EIP silage,which potentially promoted lactic acid bacteria growth and acetic acid production.In vitro gas production(IVGP)in EIL was increased by 30%relative to CK and was higher than 24%in CIL.The role of expansion was more significant after ensiling,the IVGP in EIP was increased by 22%relative to CP,while that in CIP silage was only increased by 9%.Silage of fungal-treated samples reduced methane emissions by 28%to 31%.The study demonstrated that expansion provides advantages for fungal colonization and delignification,and further improves the microbial community and fermentation quality for silage,enhancing the nutrition and utilization value.This has practical application value for scaling up biological treatment and preserving the fungal-treated lignocellulose.
文摘The research status of continuous nursing of patients with chronic wounds is reviewed.Since the research on continuous nursing of chronic wound patients in China is still in the initial stage,if necessary,learn from foreign experience,improve relevant systems,develop corresponding evaluation tools,actively implement telemedicine,and carry out hospital-community linkage models,etc.to provide high-quality nursing services for patients with chronic wounds.
文摘The physical,emotional,and caregiving quality of caregivers for children with malignant solid tumors is significantly influenced by mental toughness.The definition of mental toughness,study methods,primary influencing factors,and intervention strategies for the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors will be examined in this paper.To improve the mental toughness of caregivers of children with malignant solid tumors,it is recommended that future studies enhance the number of intervention research methods and establish particular evaluation tools.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation (31872979, 31572366)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0502002)the National Basic Research Programs of China (2015CB943102)。
文摘Background: Intramuscular fat(IMF) content is a vital parameter for assessing pork quality. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) play an important role in regulating porcine IMF deposition. Here, a novel miRNA implicated in porcine IMF adipogenesis was found, and its effect and regulatory mechanism were further explored with respect to intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation.Results: By porcine adipose tissue miRNA sequencing analysis, we found that miR-146a-5p is a potential regulator of porcine IMF adipogenesis. Further studies showed that miR-146a-5p mimics inhibited porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, while the miR-146a-5p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p suppressed cell proliferation by directly targeting SMAD family member 4(SMAD4) to attenuate TGF-β signaling. Moreover, miR-146a-5p inhibited the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6) to weaken the AKT/mTORC1 signaling downstream of the TRAF6 pathway.Conclusions: MiR-146a-5p targets SMAD4 and TRAF6 to inhibit porcine intramuscular adipogenesis by attenuating TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signaling, respectively. These findings provide a novel miRNA biomarker for regulating intramuscular adipogenesis to promote pork quality.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22002155,22125205,92045302)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB17020200)the CAS Youth Innovation Promotion(Y201938)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2021-MS-022)the High-Level Talents Innovation Project of Dalian City(2020RQ038).
文摘Catalytic conversion of CO_(2)into chemicals and fuels is a viable method to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.Through thermal catalysis,electrocatalysis,and photo(electro)catalysis,CO_(2)can be converted into a wide range of valuable products,including CO,formic acid,methanol,methane,ethanol,acetic acid,propanol,light olefi ns,aromatics,and gasoline,as well as fi ne chemicals.In this mini-review,we summarize the recent progress in heterogeneous catalysis for CO_(2)conversion into chemicals and fuels and highlight some representative studies of diff erent conversion routes.The structure-performance correlations of typical catalytic materials used for the CO_(2)conversion reactions have been revealed by combining advanced in situ/operando spectroscopy and microscopy characterizations and density functional theory cal-culations.Catalytic selectivity toward a single CO_(2)reduction product/fraction should be further improved at an industrially relevant CO_(2)conversion rate with considerable stability in the future.
基金financially supported by the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(No.2019TD-038 and 2020KJXX-063)。
文摘In petroleum industries and seawater environment,the corrosion phenomena have become particularly harsh,especially for pipelines and pressure vessels that transport or contain media that contain quantities of corrosive medium,such as sulfides,chlorides,and carbon dioxide,etc.The occurrence of corrosion failure will not only reduce the mechanical properties of materials.
基金This study was supported by the Consulting Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2020-XY-6).
文摘1.Introduction At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020,President Xi Jinping pledged that China would peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060(hereinafter referred to as“peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality”).This statement indicated that China would contribute to the global community in order to aim toward a shared future for humankind and would establish a schedule for the promotion of green,low-carbon,and highquality development,which will benefit China’s overall and long-term development.China’s total carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2005,making China the world’s largest carbon emitter.Due to the nation’s rapid and sustained economic growth,China’s emissions reached 9.83 billion tonnes in 2019,accounting for 28.8%of the global total[1].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11902144)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China(No.KYCX201074)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.19KJB430022)the Guizhou Provincial General Undergraduate Higher Education Technology Supporting Talent Support Program(No.KY(2018)043)。
文摘Flexible solid-state battery has several unique characteristics including high flexibility,easy portability,and high safety,which may have broad application prospects in new technology products such as rollup displays,power implantable medical devices,and wearable equipments.The interfacial mechanical and electrochemical problems caused by bending deformation,resulting in the battery damage and failure,are particularly interesting.Herein,a fully coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model is developed based on the actual solid-state battery structure.Concentration-dependent material parameters,stress-dependent diffusion,and potential shift are considered.According to four bending forms(k=8/mm,0/mm,-8/mm,and free),the results show that the negative curvature bending is beneficial to reducing the plastic strain during charging/discharging,while the positive curvature is detrimental.However,with respect to the electrochemical performance,the negative curvature bending creates a negative potential shift,which causes the battery to reach the cut-off voltage earlier and results in capacity loss.These results enlighten us that suitable electrode materials and charging strategy can be tailored to reduce plastic deformation and improve battery capacity for different forms of battery bending.
基金supported by the National Creative Research Group from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51121062)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51108120, 51178139)+1 种基金the 4th Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 201104430)the 46th China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20090460901)
文摘Carbamazepine is frequently detected in waters and hardly eliminated during conventional wastewater treatment processes due to its complicated chemical structure and resistance to biodegradation. A carbamazepine-degrading bacterium named CBZ-4 was isolated at a low temperature （10℃） from activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Strain CBZ-4, which can use carbamazepine as its sole source of carbon and energy, was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The composition and percentage of fatty acids, which can reveal the cold-adaptation mechanism of strain CBZ-4, were determined. Strain CBZ-4 can effectively degrade carbamazepine at optimal conditions： pH 7.0, 10℃, 150 r/min rotation speed, and 13% inoculation volume. The average removal rate of carbamazepine was 46.6% after 144 hr of incubation. The biodegradation kinetics of carbamazepine by CBZ-4 was fitted via the Monod model. Vmax and Ks were found to be 0.0094 hr^-1 and 32.5 mg/L, respectively.
基金partially financially supported by NSF CBET-2033343.J.Z.thanks the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172293,51772072,and 51672065)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JZ2021HGQB0282 and PA2021GDSK0088)+3 种基金financial support from the Key R&D Projects of Anhui Province(202104b11020016)the 111 Project(B18018)the National Synchrotron Light Source II,a U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-SC0012704the use of facilities within the Eyring Materials Center at Arizona State University supported in part by NNCI-ECCS-1542160.
文摘Regulating the selectivity toward a target hydrocarbon product is still the focus of CO_(2)electroreduction.Here,we discover that the original surface Cu species in Cu gas-diffusion electrodes plays a more important role than the surface roughness,local pH,and facet in governing the selectivity toward C_(1)or C_(2)hydrocarbons.The selectivity toward C_(2)H_(4) progressively increases,while CH_(4) decreases steadily upon lowering the Cu oxidation species fraction.At a relatively low electrodeposition voltage of 1.5 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the highest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio favors the pathways of∗CO hydrogenation to form CH_(4) with maximum Faradaic efficiency of 65.4%and partial current density of 228 mA cm^(−2)at−0.83 V vs RHE.At 2.0 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the lowest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio prefers C-C coupling to form C_(2)+products with Faradaic efficiency topping 80.1%at−0.75 V vs RHE,where the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)H_(4) accounts for 46.4%and the partial current density of C_(2)H_(4) achieves 279 mA cm^(−2).This work demonstrates that the selectivity from CH_(4) to C_(2)H_(4) is switchable by tuning surface Cu species composition of Cu gas-diffusion electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 22208339)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M693132)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1905303)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province (2021-BS-006)the Youth Innovation Fund of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP I202132)。
文摘The inert carbon–carbon(C–C) bonds cleavage is a main bottleneck in the chemical upcycling of recalcitrant polyolefin plastics waste. Here we develop an efficient strategy to catalyze the complete cleavage of C–C bonds in mixed polyolefin plastics over non-noble metal catalysts under mild conditions. The nickelbased catalyst involving Ni_(2)Al_(3) phase enables the direct transformation of mixed polyolefin plastics into natural gas, and the gas carbon yield reaches up to 89.6%. Reaction pathway investigation reveals that natural gas comes from the stepwise catalytic cleavage of C–C bonds in polypropylene, and the catalyst prefers catalytic cleavage of terminal C–C bond in the side-chain with the low energy barrier.Additionally, our developed approach is evaluated by the technical economic analysis for an economically competitive production process.
基金This work was supported by the National Advanced Materials Committee(Grant No.715-006-0122)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G1999022401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.59789201).
文摘A novel zirconium-based membrane material of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-6 with cubic perovskite structure was synthesized for the first time through a method of citric and EDTA acid combined complexes. The structural stability was characterized by XRD, O-2-TPD and H-2-TPR techniques respectively. The high oxygen permeation flux of 0.873 mL/cm(2) min at 950 degreesC was obtained under He/Air gradient. Meanwhile, the single activation energy for oxygen permeation and the long-term steady operation of 200 h at 800 degreesC were achieved.
