Cryogenic rolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 7055(SF-7055)Al alloy were investigated.Results show that with the increase of the reduction from 20%to 80%,the grain of cryogenic ...Cryogenic rolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 7055(SF-7055)Al alloy were investigated.Results show that with the increase of the reduction from 20%to 80%,the grain of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy is elongated to form a fiber texture.Numerous proliferating dislocations in the microstructure accumulate into dislocation walls and cells,and eventually form subgrains.These subgrain boundaries divide the original grain,thereby reducing the grain size.Under severe deformation conditions,they even enable the formation of nanograins.Meanwhile,the Cu-rich precipitates in the matrix are also broken and refined under the action of large rolling stress.In the process of cryogenic rolling,the tensile strength and hardness of SF-7055 Al alloy gradually increase,while the plasticity decreases.Moreover,the fracture morphology of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy gradually transforms to the ductile and quasi-cleavage hybrid fracture characteristics with increased reduction.展开更多
Cerenkov radiation(CR)can serve as a source of internal light to overcome the limited tissue penetration of external light in conventional photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,insufficient luminescence intensity hinders ...Cerenkov radiation(CR)can serve as a source of internal light to overcome the limited tissue penetration of external light in conventional photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,insufficient luminescence intensity hinders the clinical application of CR-PDT.Here,we developed a glutathione-responsive biomimetic nanoplatform by fusing cancer cell membranes and liposomes loaded with photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether(HMME)and a radiation energy amplifier Eu^(3+),named HMME-Eu@LEV.Colloidal Eu^(3+)convertsγ-radiation and CR from radioisotopes into fluorescence to enhance antitumor effects.Sequential administration ensures co-localization of HMME-Eu@LEV and radiopharmaceutical^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)at the tumor site,triggering enhanced CR-PDT and immunogenic cell death.Our observations indicated that luminescence resonance energy transfer between Eu^(3+)and HMME was efficient,and Cerenkov luminescence from Eu@LEV+FDG was approximately 5.6-fold higher in intensity than that from FDG alone.As a result,abundant ROS were generated,and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were polarized from M2 to M1.In addition,the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment could be reversed by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.The activated immune system effectively inhibited the growth of primary tumors and spread of distant metastases.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of CR-PDT without an external light source and the critical role of nanomaterials in personalized medicine.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)is a widely used local therapeutic approach for intermediate to advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),exhibiting considerable efficacy.However,the prevalence...BACKGROUND Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)is a widely used local therapeutic approach for intermediate to advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),exhibiting considerable efficacy.However,the prevalence of postoperative pain highlights the importance of pain management.Owing to the limitations inherent in existing pain management strategies,this study investigates and assesses the analgesic effectiveness of a multimodal treatment protocol in mitigating pain after HAIC procedures.AIM To provide patients with a more comprehensive and effective pain management strategy.METHODS A total of 100 patients with primary HCC who underwent HAIC were randomly assigned to a control group(n=50)and a multimodal group(n=50).Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were collected.Upon enrollment,patients in the multimodal group received parecoxib(40 mg)30 minutes before HAIC,followed by 48 hours of patient-controlled analgesia with sufentanil.In contrast,the control group underwent standard preoperative preparation(psychological support)and received dezocine(5 mg)intraoperatively,with intravenous flurbiprofen(100 mg)administered every 12 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the multimodal analgesia group exhibited significantly lower resting and movement visual analog scale pain scores at postoperative 0,2,4,6,and 12 hours(P<0.05).Furthermore,the multimodal group experienced a reduced incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting,as well as a lower overall frequency of adverse events,compared to the control group(P<0.05).Patient satisfaction was also significantly higher in the multimodal group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that multimodal analgesia is effective in reducing postoperative pain,minimizing adverse reactions,and improving patient satisfaction in HCC patients undergoing HAIC.This approach provides valuable clinical strategies for optimizing pain management in this patient population.展开更多
High-performance ballistic fibers,such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE),are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density,high tensile strength and high specif...High-performance ballistic fibers,such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE),are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density,high tensile strength and high specific modulus.However,their low modulus in the thickness direction and insufficient shear strength limits their application in certain ballistic structure.In contrast,carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites(CFRP)have the characteristics of high modulus in the thickness direction and high shear resistance.However,carbon fibers are rarely used and applied for protection purposes.A hybridization with aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites(AFRP)and CFRP has the potential to improve the stiffness and the ballistic property of the typical ballistic fiber composites.The hybrid effects on the flexural property and ballistic performance of the hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were investigated.Through conducting mechanical property tests and ballistic tests,two sets of reliable simulation parameters for AFRP and CFRP were established using LS-DYNA software,respectively.The experimental results suggested that by increasing the content of CFRP that the flexural properties of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were enhanced.The ballistic tests'results and the simulation illustrated that the specific energy absorption by the perforation method of CFRP achieved 77.7%of AFRP.When CFRP was on the striking face,the shear resistance of the laminates and the resistance force to the projectiles was promoted at the initial penetration stage.The proportion of fiber tensile failures in the AFRP layers was also enhanced with the addition of CFRP during the penetration process.These improvements resulted in the ballistic performance of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates was better than AFRP when the CFRP content was 20 wt%and 30 wt%.展开更多
The dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation.However,higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between suppl...The dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation.However,higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between supply and demand during daily operation,especially around the metro stations.A stable and efficient rebalancing model requires spatio-temporal usage patterns as fundamental inputs.Therefore,understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and correlates is important for optimizing and rescheduling bike-sharing systems.This study proposed a dynamic time warping distance-based two-dimensional clustering method to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of dockless shared bikes in Wuhan and further applied the multiclass explainable boosting machine to explore the main related factors of these patterns.The results found six patterns on weekdays and four patterns on weekends.Three patterns show the imbalance of arrival and departure flow in the morning and evening peak hours,while these phenomena become less intensive on weekends.Road density,living service facility density and residential density are the top influencing factors on both weekdays and weekends,which means that the comprehensive impact of built-up environment attraction,facility suitability and riding demand leads to the different usage patterns.The nonlinear influence universally exists,and the probability of a certain pattern varies in different value ranges of variables.When the densities of living facilities and roads are moderate and the relationship between job and housing is relatively balanced,it can effectively promote the balanced usage of dockless shared bikes while maintaining high riding flow.The spatio-temporal patterns can identify the associated problems such as imbalance or lack of users,which could be mitigated by corresponding solutions.The relative importance and nonlinear effects help planners prioritize strategies and identify effective ranges on different patterns to promote the usage and efficiency of the bike-sharing system.展开更多
Background:Identifying regulatory measures to promote glucose oxidative metabolism while simultaneously reducing amino acid oxidative metabolism is one of the foremost challenges in formulating low-protein(LP)diets de...Background:Identifying regulatory measures to promote glucose oxidative metabolism while simultaneously reducing amino acid oxidative metabolism is one of the foremost challenges in formulating low-protein(LP)diets designed to reduce the excretion of nitrogen-containing substances known to be potential pollutants.In this study,we investigated the effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate(DCA)to a LP diet on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera(PDV)and liver of pigs.To measure nitrogen balance,18 barrows(40±1.0 kg)were fed one of three diets(n=6 per group):18%crude protein(CP,control),13.5%CP(LP),and 13.5%CP+100 mg DCA/kg dry matter(LP-DCA).To measure amino acid metabolism in the PDV and liver,15 barrows(40±1.0 kg)were randomly assigned to one of the three diets(n=5 per group).Four essential amino acids(Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp)were added to the LP diets such that these had amino acid levels comparable to those of the control diet.Results:The LP-DCA diet reduced nitrogen excretion in pigs relative to that of pigs fed the control diet(P<0.05),without any negative effects on nitrogen retention(P>0.05).There were no differences between the control and LP-DCA groups with respect to amino acid supply to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues in pigs(P>0.05).The net release of ammonia into the portal vein and production rate of urea in the liver of pigs fed the LP-DCA diet was reduced relative to that of pigs fed the control and LP diets(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results indicated that addition of DCA to a LP diet can efficiently reduce nitrogen excretion in pigs and maximize the supply of amino acids to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.展开更多
A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)method was established to simultaneously quantitate four categories of compounds(isoflavonoids,flavonoids,al...A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)method was established to simultaneously quantitate four categories of compounds(isoflavonoids,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins)in Gegen-Qinlian decoction(GQD).These compounds were separated by a Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C18 column with a linear gradient consisting of 0.1%(v/v)formic acid in water(A)and 0.1%(v/v)formic acid in acetonitrile(B),and delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.All the analytes were determined by electrospray positive ionization tandem mass spectrometry in a multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.Linearity,accuracy,precision,recovery and stability of the method were evaluated with the validation over the range of 4.0-5385 ng/mL.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of a Chinese herbal preparation GQD successfully.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Presently, clinic memory scale is used to evaluate learning memory ability in most studies, and the influence of difference in measurement condition of individuals exists. OBJECTIVE： To study the correla...BACKGROUND： Presently, clinic memory scale is used to evaluate learning memory ability in most studies, and the influence of difference in measurement condition of individuals exists. OBJECTIVE： To study the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow （rCBF） perfusion and learning memory function in special brain regions of patients with cerebral infarction at convalescent period, and to try to find out a method which can quantitatively evaluate learning ability. DESIGN： Case observation, and correlation analysis. SETTINGS： Shandong Institute for Behavioral Medicine; the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 70 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to Department of Neurology, Jining Medical College between January 2004 and December 2005 were involved. The involved patients, 58 male and 12 female, were averaged （52±3） years, and they were all right handed. They all met the diagnosis criteria instituted by the Fourth National Conference on Cerebrovascular Disease, and were confirmed as cerebral infarction by skull CT or MRI. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from all the patients and relatives. METHODS： When the patients were at convalescent period, their learning and memory ability were measured with “ clinic memory scale （set A）”. The 18 patients whose total mark over 100 were regarded as good learning memory function group; The 23 cases whose total mark less than 70 were regarded as poor learning memory function group. RCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdalae, temporal cortex and prefrontal lobe of patients between two groups were measured and compared by single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT）. The total scores of the 18 good learning memory patients and 23 poor learning memory patients were taken as dependent variable Y, and their rCBFs of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temporal cortex and prefrontal lobe respectively as independent variable X for linear correlation analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Correlation of rCBF in different brain regions and learning memory ability in patients with cerebral infarction. RESULTS： ①The rCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temportal cortex and prefrontal cortex of good learning memory function group were significantly higher than those of poor learning memory function group （P 〈 0.05）. ②In the good learning memory function group, rCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temportal cortex and prefrontal cortex were significantly positively correlated with memory scale scores （ r = 0.961, 0.926, 0.954, 0.907, P 〈 0.05 ） , and also in the poor learning memory function group （r = 0.979, 0.976, 0.991, 0.953, P 〈 0.05 ） . CONCLUSION： The rCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temportal cortex and prefrontal cortex of patients with cerebral infarction are significantly positively correlated with memory scale scores. Predicting learning memory ability of patients by quantitative determination of rCBF provides a quantitative and objective method for evaluating learning memory ability.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Serpentinite has high contents of water(up to~12 wt.%)and other volatiles(Pettke and Bretscher,2022).Dehydration of subducted serpentinite transfers massive water into the sub-arc mantle wedge and induc...0 INTRODUCTION Serpentinite has high contents of water(up to~12 wt.%)and other volatiles(Pettke and Bretscher,2022).Dehydration of subducted serpentinite transfers massive water into the sub-arc mantle wedge and induces fluxmelting to generate arc magmas.However,characterizing the role of serpentinite-derived fluids in arc magmatism is not easy,as serpentinite is depleted in incompatible elements compared to other subducted components(e.g.,altered oceanic crust(AOC)and sediments).展开更多
Many per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas.However,there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFA...Many per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas.However,there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFAS contamination in cold and arid regions.In the present study,we investigated the concentrations of 30 PFAS compounds in the surface water and sediment of Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers.The main components in water were short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)in both Hulun Lake(33.57%)and its inflowing rivers(30.47%).However,long chain perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long chain PFCAs accounted for more than half of the total PFAS content in sediment.Total PFAS concentrations(∑_(30)PFAS)ranged from 3.67 to 8.84 ng/L in water,and 0.97-1.73 mg/kg in sediment.Significant spatial differences were apparent between Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers in both water and sediment samples.Source apportionment revealed that wastewater,aqueous film forming foams,textiles and paper-based food packaging,and paper products and cosmetics were the primary sources of PFAS.The partitioning coefficients of PFCAs were dependent on the carbon chain length.Temperature,conductivity,pH,salinity,chemical oxygen demand,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),As,and oxidation-reduction potential were the main influencing factors in water.Heavy metals(Co,Pb,Cu,Ni,Hg,Cd,and As),TP,salinity,and pH were positively correlated with the PFAS concentration in sediment.Furthermore,Hailar River contributed the majority(99.74%,~15.05 kg/year)of the PFAS mass flux.This is the first study showing PFAS contamination in Hulun Lake and the results suggest that long term monitoring is needed for the effective control of PFAS pollution in this typical cold and arid region of China.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pose a serious threat to human health and biological survival,especially in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Tibetan Plateau(TP),where little is known about the characte...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pose a serious threat to human health and biological survival,especially in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Tibetan Plateau(TP),where little is known about the characteristics and sources of PAHs in the alpine rivers.In the present study,the occurrence,source appointment,and health risks of PAHs in the Yarlung Zangbo River on the TP were systematically investigated based on collected water and sediment samples.The concentration of total PAHs(TPAHs,∑24 PAHs)ranged from 1.77 to 78.00 ng/L(from 93.93 to 927.71 ng/g)with an average of 23.70 ng/L(219.63 ng/g)in water(sediment),in which 3-ring and 4-ring groups were the major components(26.22%–37.67%in TPAHs).Higher PAH concentrations in water and sediment were found in the mainstream and tributaries,respectively.A significant seasonal compositional reversal of PAHs was observed between the wet(21.13±22.38 ng/L)and dry(26.26±16.20 ng/L)seasons.Specifically,more 3–4 ring PAHs were detected in the wet season,while higher concentrations of 2 ring and 5–6 ring PAHs were found in the dry season,despite the equivalent concentrations of TPAHs in water,reflecting differentiated contributions of various sources.Source identifications through the positive matrix factorization model(PMF)further revealed significant differences in the sources of PAHs during the two types of seasons.Industrial manufacture(29.2%)and fossil fuel combustion(29.2%)were the dominant contributors to riverine PAHs in the dry season,while biomass decomposition(23.1%)and traffic emission(15.2%)dominated in the wet season.These findings elucidate the modulatory role of heterogeneous human activities on organic contaminant-mediated health risks in fluvial ecosystems,underscoring the critical need to characterize anthropogenic impacts on sustainable water resource management across the TP.展开更多
Background Ecological land evolution is pivotal in shaping regional landscapes and ecosystem functions.However,existing metrics are limited in quantifying patch-scale dynamics of connectivity and fragmentation during ...Background Ecological land evolution is pivotal in shaping regional landscapes and ecosystem functions.However,existing metrics are limited in quantifying patch-scale dynamics of connectivity and fragmentation during the processes of ecological land degradation and restoration.This study introduces the Ecological Land Evolution Index(ELEI),a novel framework integrating spatial proximity and connectivity to evaluate spatiotemporal complexities of ecological land changes at the patch level.By incorporating adjacency rules and continuous value systems,ELEI offers a granular analysis of connectivity-fragmentation tradeoffs,addressing limitations in traditional landscape metrics.Results Using four temporal land use datasets(1990–2020)from the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)in China,we applied ELEI to characterize ecological land restoration(ELR)and degradation(ELD).Sensitivity analysis confirmed ELEI’s robustness,identifying connected patch area and spatial proximity as primary drivers.Monte Carlo simulations validated formula stability,highlighting symmetrical responses to connectivity changes but residual uncertainties in extreme scenarios(|ELEI|>60).Additionally,the results demonstrate significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in ecological land evolution.Degradation of ecological land initially intensified from 2000 to 2010,but then decelerated from 2010 to 2020,while the restoration process first weakened and subsequently strengthened.Notably,the area of degraded ecological land steadily expanded throughout the study period,reaching 17,684.20 km^(2) between 1990 and 2020,while the restored area totaled 12,025.56 km^(2).Fragmentation dominated degradation processes,while connection patterns drove restoration.Urban centers like Wuhan and Changsha experienced severe fragmentation aligned with rapid urbanization,whereas cities such as Yichang,Hengyang,and Jiujiang achieved significant restoration via infilling and connection.Conclusions ELEI provides a nuanced understanding of ecological land dynamics in rapidly urbanizing regions by identifying restoration successes and ongoing degradation hotspots.Additionally,the integration of ELEI variants(arithmetic mean ELEI(MELEI)and area-weighted mean ELEI(AWMELEI))highlights their value in tracking long-term connectivity trends and degradation processes.This framework offers actionable insights for balancing urban development and conservation,underscoring its value in regional planning and sustainable landscape management.展开更多
Aldo Steinfeld(Ph.D.,University of Minnesota,1989)is a professor at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering of ETH Zurich,where he holds the Chair of Renewable Energy Carriers.He has pioneered the develop...Aldo Steinfeld(Ph.D.,University of Minnesota,1989)is a professor at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering of ETH Zurich,where he holds the Chair of Renewable Energy Carriers.He has pioneered the development of solar thermochemical reactor technologies for producing clean transportation fuels展开更多
To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly div...To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups,the false operation group(control group)and the operation group(model group).After surgical operation,the operation group undertook bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group did not.Learning and memory function were measured by Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h and 3 d after surgical operation,respectively.The rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was also detected by the PerifluxPF model laser Doppler flowmetry,and the expressions of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 and Bax were also measured by immune histochemistry S-P method accordingly.Results showed that the rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).The learning indexes,error number(EN),day of reach standard and total reaction time(TRT)in the operation group,were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).However,the initiative evasion rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group.The study also found that the rCBF was relatively more,the indexes(EN,the day of reach standard and TRT)relatively fewer,but the initiative evasion rate and the memory keeping rate were relatively more.The positive expression and the average absorbency of Fos and Jun in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.05).Furthermore,Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells were all increased over time in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.01).In conclusion,rCBF decrease can impair the learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increase of the expression ratio of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 or Bax in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.展开更多
Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1-1105.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y.In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link.It has been corrected.The original ar...Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1-1105.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y.In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link.It has been corrected.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
In the competitive energy market,energy retailers are facing the uncertainties of both energy price and demand,which requires them to formulate reasonable energy purchasing and selling strategies for improving their c...In the competitive energy market,energy retailers are facing the uncertainties of both energy price and demand,which requires them to formulate reasonable energy purchasing and selling strategies for improving their competitiveness in this market.Particularly,the attractive multi-energy retail packages are the key for retailers to increase their benefit.Therefore,combined with incentive means and price signals,five types of multi-energy retail packages such as peak-valley time-of-use(TOU)price package and day-night bundled price package are designed in this paper for retailers.The iterative interactions between retailers and end-users are modeled using a bi-level model of stochastic optimization based on multi-leader multi-follower(MLMF)Stackelberg game,in which retailers are leaders and end-users are followers.Retailers make decisions to maximize the profit considering the conditional value at risk(CVaR)while end-users optimize the satisfaction of both energy comfort and economy.Besides,a distributed algorithm is proposed to obtain the Nash equilibrium of above MLMF Stackelberg game model while the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm and CPLEX solver are applied to solve the optimization model for each participant(retailer or end-user).Numeral results show that the designed retail packages can increase the overall profit of retailers,and the overall satisfaction of industrial users is the highest while that of residential users is the lowest after game interaction.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
As the only multidisciplinary journal supervised by Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Science Bulletin will usher in its50th anniversary in 2016.A fifty-year history for ...As the only multidisciplinary journal supervised by Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Science Bulletin will usher in its50th anniversary in 2016.A fifty-year history for a journal is always remarkable.However,the more important reason to celebrate besides the great age is:the fifty-year old journal continues to be vigorous and influential.展开更多
基金financially and technically supported by the National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact,Beijing Institute of Technology,China(No.WDZC2024-1)。
文摘Cryogenic rolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed 7055(SF-7055)Al alloy were investigated.Results show that with the increase of the reduction from 20%to 80%,the grain of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy is elongated to form a fiber texture.Numerous proliferating dislocations in the microstructure accumulate into dislocation walls and cells,and eventually form subgrains.These subgrain boundaries divide the original grain,thereby reducing the grain size.Under severe deformation conditions,they even enable the formation of nanograins.Meanwhile,the Cu-rich precipitates in the matrix are also broken and refined under the action of large rolling stress.In the process of cryogenic rolling,the tensile strength and hardness of SF-7055 Al alloy gradually increase,while the plasticity decreases.Moreover,the fracture morphology of cryogenic rolled SF-7055 Al alloy gradually transforms to the ductile and quasi-cleavage hybrid fracture characteristics with increased reduction.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province(No.221100310100)co-construction Project of Henan Medical Science and Technology(LHGJ20230286).
文摘Cerenkov radiation(CR)can serve as a source of internal light to overcome the limited tissue penetration of external light in conventional photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,insufficient luminescence intensity hinders the clinical application of CR-PDT.Here,we developed a glutathione-responsive biomimetic nanoplatform by fusing cancer cell membranes and liposomes loaded with photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether(HMME)and a radiation energy amplifier Eu^(3+),named HMME-Eu@LEV.Colloidal Eu^(3+)convertsγ-radiation and CR from radioisotopes into fluorescence to enhance antitumor effects.Sequential administration ensures co-localization of HMME-Eu@LEV and radiopharmaceutical^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)at the tumor site,triggering enhanced CR-PDT and immunogenic cell death.Our observations indicated that luminescence resonance energy transfer between Eu^(3+)and HMME was efficient,and Cerenkov luminescence from Eu@LEV+FDG was approximately 5.6-fold higher in intensity than that from FDG alone.As a result,abundant ROS were generated,and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were polarized from M2 to M1.In addition,the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment could be reversed by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.The activated immune system effectively inhibited the growth of primary tumors and spread of distant metastases.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of CR-PDT without an external light source and the critical role of nanomaterials in personalized medicine.
基金Supported by Beijing Medical Award Foundation of China,No.YXJL-2023-0638-0048.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)is a widely used local therapeutic approach for intermediate to advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),exhibiting considerable efficacy.However,the prevalence of postoperative pain highlights the importance of pain management.Owing to the limitations inherent in existing pain management strategies,this study investigates and assesses the analgesic effectiveness of a multimodal treatment protocol in mitigating pain after HAIC procedures.AIM To provide patients with a more comprehensive and effective pain management strategy.METHODS A total of 100 patients with primary HCC who underwent HAIC were randomly assigned to a control group(n=50)and a multimodal group(n=50).Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were collected.Upon enrollment,patients in the multimodal group received parecoxib(40 mg)30 minutes before HAIC,followed by 48 hours of patient-controlled analgesia with sufentanil.In contrast,the control group underwent standard preoperative preparation(psychological support)and received dezocine(5 mg)intraoperatively,with intravenous flurbiprofen(100 mg)administered every 12 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the multimodal analgesia group exhibited significantly lower resting and movement visual analog scale pain scores at postoperative 0,2,4,6,and 12 hours(P<0.05).Furthermore,the multimodal group experienced a reduced incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting,as well as a lower overall frequency of adverse events,compared to the control group(P<0.05).Patient satisfaction was also significantly higher in the multimodal group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that multimodal analgesia is effective in reducing postoperative pain,minimizing adverse reactions,and improving patient satisfaction in HCC patients undergoing HAIC.This approach provides valuable clinical strategies for optimizing pain management in this patient population.
文摘High-performance ballistic fibers,such as aramid fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE),are commonly used in anti-ballistic structures due to their low density,high tensile strength and high specific modulus.However,their low modulus in the thickness direction and insufficient shear strength limits their application in certain ballistic structure.In contrast,carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites(CFRP)have the characteristics of high modulus in the thickness direction and high shear resistance.However,carbon fibers are rarely used and applied for protection purposes.A hybridization with aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites(AFRP)and CFRP has the potential to improve the stiffness and the ballistic property of the typical ballistic fiber composites.The hybrid effects on the flexural property and ballistic performance of the hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were investigated.Through conducting mechanical property tests and ballistic tests,two sets of reliable simulation parameters for AFRP and CFRP were established using LS-DYNA software,respectively.The experimental results suggested that by increasing the content of CFRP that the flexural properties of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates were enhanced.The ballistic tests'results and the simulation illustrated that the specific energy absorption by the perforation method of CFRP achieved 77.7%of AFRP.When CFRP was on the striking face,the shear resistance of the laminates and the resistance force to the projectiles was promoted at the initial penetration stage.The proportion of fiber tensile failures in the AFRP layers was also enhanced with the addition of CFRP during the penetration process.These improvements resulted in the ballistic performance of hybrid CFRP/AFRP laminates was better than AFRP when the CFRP content was 20 wt%and 30 wt%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2017YFB0503601]。
文摘The dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation.However,higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between supply and demand during daily operation,especially around the metro stations.A stable and efficient rebalancing model requires spatio-temporal usage patterns as fundamental inputs.Therefore,understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and correlates is important for optimizing and rescheduling bike-sharing systems.This study proposed a dynamic time warping distance-based two-dimensional clustering method to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of dockless shared bikes in Wuhan and further applied the multiclass explainable boosting machine to explore the main related factors of these patterns.The results found six patterns on weekdays and four patterns on weekends.Three patterns show the imbalance of arrival and departure flow in the morning and evening peak hours,while these phenomena become less intensive on weekends.Road density,living service facility density and residential density are the top influencing factors on both weekdays and weekends,which means that the comprehensive impact of built-up environment attraction,facility suitability and riding demand leads to the different usage patterns.The nonlinear influence universally exists,and the probability of a certain pattern varies in different value ranges of variables.When the densities of living facilities and roads are moderate and the relationship between job and housing is relatively balanced,it can effectively promote the balanced usage of dockless shared bikes while maintaining high riding flow.The spatio-temporal patterns can identify the associated problems such as imbalance or lack of users,which could be mitigated by corresponding solutions.The relative importance and nonlinear effects help planners prioritize strategies and identify effective ranges on different patterns to promote the usage and efficiency of the bike-sharing system.
基金This study was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872370,31670123)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2019B014,XDJK2013C097)the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC(cstc2018jcyjAX0025).
文摘Background:Identifying regulatory measures to promote glucose oxidative metabolism while simultaneously reducing amino acid oxidative metabolism is one of the foremost challenges in formulating low-protein(LP)diets designed to reduce the excretion of nitrogen-containing substances known to be potential pollutants.In this study,we investigated the effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate(DCA)to a LP diet on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera(PDV)and liver of pigs.To measure nitrogen balance,18 barrows(40±1.0 kg)were fed one of three diets(n=6 per group):18%crude protein(CP,control),13.5%CP(LP),and 13.5%CP+100 mg DCA/kg dry matter(LP-DCA).To measure amino acid metabolism in the PDV and liver,15 barrows(40±1.0 kg)were randomly assigned to one of the three diets(n=5 per group).Four essential amino acids(Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp)were added to the LP diets such that these had amino acid levels comparable to those of the control diet.Results:The LP-DCA diet reduced nitrogen excretion in pigs relative to that of pigs fed the control diet(P<0.05),without any negative effects on nitrogen retention(P>0.05).There were no differences between the control and LP-DCA groups with respect to amino acid supply to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues in pigs(P>0.05).The net release of ammonia into the portal vein and production rate of urea in the liver of pigs fed the LP-DCA diet was reduced relative to that of pigs fed the control and LP diets(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results indicated that addition of DCA to a LP diet can efficiently reduce nitrogen excretion in pigs and maximize the supply of amino acids to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.90202039)"Chen Guang"Project for Personnel Cultivation of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.09CG43)the Construction Program for Innovative Research Teamin Shanghai Institutions of Higher Education
文摘A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)method was established to simultaneously quantitate four categories of compounds(isoflavonoids,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins)in Gegen-Qinlian decoction(GQD).These compounds were separated by a Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C18 column with a linear gradient consisting of 0.1%(v/v)formic acid in water(A)and 0.1%(v/v)formic acid in acetonitrile(B),and delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.All the analytes were determined by electrospray positive ionization tandem mass spectrometry in a multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.Linearity,accuracy,precision,recovery and stability of the method were evaluated with the validation over the range of 4.0-5385 ng/mL.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of a Chinese herbal preparation GQD successfully.
基金the Grant from Bureau of Science and Technology of Jining City, No.2004JH006
文摘BACKGROUND： Presently, clinic memory scale is used to evaluate learning memory ability in most studies, and the influence of difference in measurement condition of individuals exists. OBJECTIVE： To study the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow （rCBF） perfusion and learning memory function in special brain regions of patients with cerebral infarction at convalescent period, and to try to find out a method which can quantitatively evaluate learning ability. DESIGN： Case observation, and correlation analysis. SETTINGS： Shandong Institute for Behavioral Medicine; the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 70 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to Department of Neurology, Jining Medical College between January 2004 and December 2005 were involved. The involved patients, 58 male and 12 female, were averaged （52±3） years, and they were all right handed. They all met the diagnosis criteria instituted by the Fourth National Conference on Cerebrovascular Disease, and were confirmed as cerebral infarction by skull CT or MRI. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from all the patients and relatives. METHODS： When the patients were at convalescent period, their learning and memory ability were measured with “ clinic memory scale （set A）”. The 18 patients whose total mark over 100 were regarded as good learning memory function group; The 23 cases whose total mark less than 70 were regarded as poor learning memory function group. RCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdalae, temporal cortex and prefrontal lobe of patients between two groups were measured and compared by single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT）. The total scores of the 18 good learning memory patients and 23 poor learning memory patients were taken as dependent variable Y, and their rCBFs of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temporal cortex and prefrontal lobe respectively as independent variable X for linear correlation analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Correlation of rCBF in different brain regions and learning memory ability in patients with cerebral infarction. RESULTS： ①The rCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temportal cortex and prefrontal cortex of good learning memory function group were significantly higher than those of poor learning memory function group （P 〈 0.05）. ②In the good learning memory function group, rCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temportal cortex and prefrontal cortex were significantly positively correlated with memory scale scores （ r = 0.961, 0.926, 0.954, 0.907, P 〈 0.05 ） , and also in the poor learning memory function group （r = 0.979, 0.976, 0.991, 0.953, P 〈 0.05 ） . CONCLUSION： The rCBF of hippocampus, nucleus amygdale, temportal cortex and prefrontal cortex of patients with cerebral infarction are significantly positively correlated with memory scale scores. Predicting learning memory ability of patients by quantitative determination of rCBF provides a quantitative and objective method for evaluating learning memory ability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42122019 and 42288201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2652023001)the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Serpentinite has high contents of water(up to~12 wt.%)and other volatiles(Pettke and Bretscher,2022).Dehydration of subducted serpentinite transfers massive water into the sub-arc mantle wedge and induces fluxmelting to generate arc magmas.However,characterizing the role of serpentinite-derived fluids in arc magmatism is not easy,as serpentinite is depleted in incompatible elements compared to other subducted components(e.g.,altered oceanic crust(AOC)and sediments).
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52125901)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(Grant No.ZR2023QE199).
文摘Many per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas.However,there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFAS contamination in cold and arid regions.In the present study,we investigated the concentrations of 30 PFAS compounds in the surface water and sediment of Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers.The main components in water were short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)in both Hulun Lake(33.57%)and its inflowing rivers(30.47%).However,long chain perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long chain PFCAs accounted for more than half of the total PFAS content in sediment.Total PFAS concentrations(∑_(30)PFAS)ranged from 3.67 to 8.84 ng/L in water,and 0.97-1.73 mg/kg in sediment.Significant spatial differences were apparent between Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers in both water and sediment samples.Source apportionment revealed that wastewater,aqueous film forming foams,textiles and paper-based food packaging,and paper products and cosmetics were the primary sources of PFAS.The partitioning coefficients of PFCAs were dependent on the carbon chain length.Temperature,conductivity,pH,salinity,chemical oxygen demand,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),As,and oxidation-reduction potential were the main influencing factors in water.Heavy metals(Co,Pb,Cu,Ni,Hg,Cd,and As),TP,salinity,and pH were positively correlated with the PFAS concentration in sediment.Furthermore,Hailar River contributed the majority(99.74%,~15.05 kg/year)of the PFAS mass flux.This is the first study showing PFAS contamination in Hulun Lake and the results suggest that long term monitoring is needed for the effective control of PFAS pollution in this typical cold and arid region of China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92047303,51721006)the Geological Survey Project(Grant No.DD20250501401)。
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pose a serious threat to human health and biological survival,especially in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Tibetan Plateau(TP),where little is known about the characteristics and sources of PAHs in the alpine rivers.In the present study,the occurrence,source appointment,and health risks of PAHs in the Yarlung Zangbo River on the TP were systematically investigated based on collected water and sediment samples.The concentration of total PAHs(TPAHs,∑24 PAHs)ranged from 1.77 to 78.00 ng/L(from 93.93 to 927.71 ng/g)with an average of 23.70 ng/L(219.63 ng/g)in water(sediment),in which 3-ring and 4-ring groups were the major components(26.22%–37.67%in TPAHs).Higher PAH concentrations in water and sediment were found in the mainstream and tributaries,respectively.A significant seasonal compositional reversal of PAHs was observed between the wet(21.13±22.38 ng/L)and dry(26.26±16.20 ng/L)seasons.Specifically,more 3–4 ring PAHs were detected in the wet season,while higher concentrations of 2 ring and 5–6 ring PAHs were found in the dry season,despite the equivalent concentrations of TPAHs in water,reflecting differentiated contributions of various sources.Source identifications through the positive matrix factorization model(PMF)further revealed significant differences in the sources of PAHs during the two types of seasons.Industrial manufacture(29.2%)and fossil fuel combustion(29.2%)were the dominant contributors to riverine PAHs in the dry season,while biomass decomposition(23.1%)and traffic emission(15.2%)dominated in the wet season.These findings elucidate the modulatory role of heterogeneous human activities on organic contaminant-mediated health risks in fluvial ecosystems,underscoring the critical need to characterize anthropogenic impacts on sustainable water resource management across the TP.
基金financially supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:42230107)the Strategic Science and Technology Talent Cultivation Special Project of Hubei Province(2024DJA012)
文摘Background Ecological land evolution is pivotal in shaping regional landscapes and ecosystem functions.However,existing metrics are limited in quantifying patch-scale dynamics of connectivity and fragmentation during the processes of ecological land degradation and restoration.This study introduces the Ecological Land Evolution Index(ELEI),a novel framework integrating spatial proximity and connectivity to evaluate spatiotemporal complexities of ecological land changes at the patch level.By incorporating adjacency rules and continuous value systems,ELEI offers a granular analysis of connectivity-fragmentation tradeoffs,addressing limitations in traditional landscape metrics.Results Using four temporal land use datasets(1990–2020)from the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)in China,we applied ELEI to characterize ecological land restoration(ELR)and degradation(ELD).Sensitivity analysis confirmed ELEI’s robustness,identifying connected patch area and spatial proximity as primary drivers.Monte Carlo simulations validated formula stability,highlighting symmetrical responses to connectivity changes but residual uncertainties in extreme scenarios(|ELEI|>60).Additionally,the results demonstrate significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in ecological land evolution.Degradation of ecological land initially intensified from 2000 to 2010,but then decelerated from 2010 to 2020,while the restoration process first weakened and subsequently strengthened.Notably,the area of degraded ecological land steadily expanded throughout the study period,reaching 17,684.20 km^(2) between 1990 and 2020,while the restored area totaled 12,025.56 km^(2).Fragmentation dominated degradation processes,while connection patterns drove restoration.Urban centers like Wuhan and Changsha experienced severe fragmentation aligned with rapid urbanization,whereas cities such as Yichang,Hengyang,and Jiujiang achieved significant restoration via infilling and connection.Conclusions ELEI provides a nuanced understanding of ecological land dynamics in rapidly urbanizing regions by identifying restoration successes and ongoing degradation hotspots.Additionally,the integration of ELEI variants(arithmetic mean ELEI(MELEI)and area-weighted mean ELEI(AWMELEI))highlights their value in tracking long-term connectivity trends and degradation processes.This framework offers actionable insights for balancing urban development and conservation,underscoring its value in regional planning and sustainable landscape management.
文摘Aldo Steinfeld(Ph.D.,University of Minnesota,1989)is a professor at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering of ETH Zurich,where he holds the Chair of Renewable Energy Carriers.He has pioneered the development of solar thermochemical reactor technologies for producing clean transportation fuels
基金supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau (No.2004JH006)Scientific Research of Shandong Province,China (No.JOTYE12)。
文摘To study the effect of special brain area regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)abnormal perfusion on learning and memory function and its molecular mechanism,64 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups,the false operation group(control group)and the operation group(model group).After surgical operation,the operation group undertook bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation,while the other group did not.Learning and memory function were measured by Y-maze at 4 h,8 h,24 h and 3 d after surgical operation,respectively.The rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus was also detected by the PerifluxPF model laser Doppler flowmetry,and the expressions of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 and Bax were also measured by immune histochemistry S-P method accordingly.Results showed that the rCBF of the right frontal lobe and hippocampus in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).The learning indexes,error number(EN),day of reach standard and total reaction time(TRT)in the operation group,were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P,0.05).However,the initiative evasion rate in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the false operation group.The study also found that the rCBF was relatively more,the indexes(EN,the day of reach standard and TRT)relatively fewer,but the initiative evasion rate and the memory keeping rate were relatively more.The positive expression and the average absorbency of Fos and Jun in the operation group were significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.05).Furthermore,Bax and Bcl-2 positive cells were all increased over time in the operation group,and the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the false operation group(P<0.01).In conclusion,rCBF decrease can impair the learning and memory function in rats,which may be related to the increase of the expression ratio of c-fos or c-jun or Bcl-2 or Bax in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.
文摘Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1-1105.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y.In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link.It has been corrected.The original article has been corrected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077146)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023YFSY0032).
文摘In the competitive energy market,energy retailers are facing the uncertainties of both energy price and demand,which requires them to formulate reasonable energy purchasing and selling strategies for improving their competitiveness in this market.Particularly,the attractive multi-energy retail packages are the key for retailers to increase their benefit.Therefore,combined with incentive means and price signals,five types of multi-energy retail packages such as peak-valley time-of-use(TOU)price package and day-night bundled price package are designed in this paper for retailers.The iterative interactions between retailers and end-users are modeled using a bi-level model of stochastic optimization based on multi-leader multi-follower(MLMF)Stackelberg game,in which retailers are leaders and end-users are followers.Retailers make decisions to maximize the profit considering the conditional value at risk(CVaR)while end-users optimize the satisfaction of both energy comfort and economy.Besides,a distributed algorithm is proposed to obtain the Nash equilibrium of above MLMF Stackelberg game model while the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm and CPLEX solver are applied to solve the optimization model for each participant(retailer or end-user).Numeral results show that the designed retail packages can increase the overall profit of retailers,and the overall satisfaction of industrial users is the highest while that of residential users is the lowest after game interaction.
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
文摘As the only multidisciplinary journal supervised by Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Science Bulletin will usher in its50th anniversary in 2016.A fifty-year history for a journal is always remarkable.However,the more important reason to celebrate besides the great age is:the fifty-year old journal continues to be vigorous and influential.
