Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), a complex system of natural resources with many diverse components, are widely used as approved medicinal agents in China. Quality control of TCMs is a huge challenge for the gove...Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), a complex system of natural resources with many diverse components, are widely used as approved medicinal agents in China. Quality control of TCMs is a huge challenge for the government and for testing institutes and is associated with numerous scientific issues. Among these considerations include the following questions: How many components are in TCMs? How can the multiple components in TCMs be comprehensively delineated and subsequently characterized? What is the level and range of these (active) metabolites within these multiple-component TCMs, in order to recommend standards? and What are the qualities required for a marker constituent to be selected, and from a practical perspective, how can these components be assessed with low cost and in a short time? All of these factors require significant and deep thinking in order to understand the individualistic chemistry of TCM in order to develop enhanced TCM quality standards for improved and consistent patient care. In this review, the latest exploratory research in TCM chemistry analytical techniques and methods is summarized in order to begin to develop responses to these scientific issues. Advances in these methods have included multidimensional separation for liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), smart triggering data-dependent acquisition of LC–HRMS, target analysis with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), supercritical fluid chromatography, and data mining of large mass spectrometry (MS) datasets. In addition, two quality strategies have been introduced in order to save reference standards and the analysis time for a TCM quality standard, including the application of the single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC) and monomethodheterotrait matrix methods. Finally, a series of future improvements for analytical methods for TCMs are proposed.展开更多
The Gwich’in,which belong to the Athapaskan language group of Native Americans live in the borderland between Alaska and Canada.We analyzed 29 medicinal plants of this tribe for their growth inhibitory activity again...The Gwich’in,which belong to the Athapaskan language group of Native Americans live in the borderland between Alaska and Canada.We analyzed 29 medicinal plants of this tribe for their growth inhibitory activity against CCRF-CEM T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)cells.The anti-leukemic activity of these plants has not been investigated as yet.Considering the poor cure rates of some ALL forms,there might be a great potential for medicinal plants as resource for natural products to treat T-ALL.We found that the hexane extracts of three plants revealed considerable growth inhibition on CCRF-CEM cells.The 50%inhibition concentrations(IC50)were 6.63±0.03μg/ml for Cladina mitis,8.65±0.38μg/ml for Picea mariana(needles),and 9.67±1.36μg/ml for Artemisia frigida.Further investigations are required to isolate the active constituents of these plants.展开更多
Sanhan Huashi formula(SHHS),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in clinical settings.However,its specific mechanism and components still r...Sanhan Huashi formula(SHHS),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in clinical settings.However,its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification.In vitro experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited viral invasion and proliferation.Complementary in vivo experiments using K18-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2(hACE2)mice exposed to virus-like particles(VLPs)further confirmed that SHHS impeded SARS-CoV-2 entry.Although SHHS did not demonstrate direct antiviral effects in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2,it significantly alleviated pathological damage and decreased the expression of chemokines such as C–C motif ligand(CCL)-2,CCL-3,C–X–C motif ligand(CXCL)-1,CXCL-6,CXCL-9,CXCL-10,and CXCL-11 in the lungs,suggesting that SHHS exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via the CCL-2–CXCL axis.Additional research using a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)and RAW264.7 cell model validated the ability of SHHS to reduce the levels of inflammatory biomarkers,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Using advanced analytical techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)and surface plasmon resonance(SPR),nodakenin was identified as a potent antiviral component of SHHS that targets the 3C-like protease(3CL^(pro)),a finding supported by the hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)and molecular docking analyses.Furthermore,nodakenin demonstrated a significant antiviral effect,reducing the viral load by more than 66%.This investigation reveals that SHHS can combat COVID-19 by inhibiting viral invasion and promoting anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
Thank you very much for inviting me to this event.It is a good discussion among different fields from Europe,Australian and China on the issue of herbal medicines.For a lot of issues have been discussed by experts and...Thank you very much for inviting me to this event.It is a good discussion among different fields from Europe,Australian and China on the issue of herbal medicines.For a lot of issues have been discussed by experts and today is the 2nd day of this symposium,there is a little disadvantage for me to give this speech.So I will try to reduce what have been said as far as possible and try to provide different ideas and perspectives.展开更多
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus is an underexplored edible mushroom with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory properties.This study aimed to evaluate its effects on inflammatory mediators and steroid-relate...Volvopluteus gloiocephalus is an underexplored edible mushroom with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory properties.This study aimed to evaluate its effects on inflammatory mediators and steroid-related molecular targets using a bioactivity-guided approach.To capture metabolites of different polarities,five sol-vent extracts(acetone,CHCl_(3),80%MeOH,70%EtOH,and H_(2)O)were prepared,while polysaccharide-rich fraction(PSH)was prepared to investigate the contribution of high-molecular-weight constituents,particu-larlyβ-glucans.Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites in human platelets and direct COX-1/COX-2 enzyme assays.Steroid receptor binding(ERα,ERβ,AR,and GR)was evalu-ated using a yeast-based fluorescent biosensor,while AKR1C3 and AKR1C4 inhibition was determined by a NADPH-consumption assay.Structural characterization of the PSH fraction was performed by ^(1)H NMR,and molecular docking explored interactions of quantified polyphenolics with AKR1C3 and COX enzymes.The extracts exhibited pronounced,pathway-dependent anti-inflammatory activity.CHCl_(3)showed the strongest inhibition of the 12-LOX-derived metabolite 12-HETE(89.45%),while the 80%MeOH markedly reduced COX-derived metabolites PGE2 and TXB2(84.50%and 82%,respectively).Notably,PSH fraction and polar extracts demonstrated strong and selective glucocorticoid receptor binding without estrogenic or andro-genic activity.All extracts except 80%MeOH potently inhibited AKR1C3,with the PSH fraction showing the strongest effect(96.17%)exceeding ibuprofen.^(1)H NMR indicated enrichment inβ-glucans.Although docking supported phenolic-enzyme interactions,experimental findings suggest a substantial contribution of poly-saccharides and other non-phenolic constituents.These results highlight V.gloiocephalus as a promising multitarget bioactive source for functional food and nutraceutical applications.展开更多
Fungi represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds,offering potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.Fistulina hepatica(Schaeff.)With.and Volvopluteus gloiocephalus(DC.)Vizzini,Contu&Ju...Fungi represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds,offering potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.Fistulina hepatica(Schaeff.)With.and Volvopluteus gloiocephalus(DC.)Vizzini,Contu&Justo,two autochthonous fungi from Serbia,remain underexplored for their mycochemical composition and biological activities.This study aims to evaluate their bioactive potential,emphasizing antioxidant,enzyme inhibition,and cytotoxic properties.Extracts from F.hepatica and V.gloiocephalus were obtained using solvents of different polarities(acetone,CHCl3,80%MeOH,70%EtOH,H_(2)O and PSH),and dried fruiting bodies were subjected to chemical analysis.The chemical analyses included Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis with mycroanalysis,liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS)profiling.While AAS profiling of minerals was conducted on the dried fruiting bodies,all other analyses were performed on the extracts.In vitro assays were performed to assess the antioxidant capacity,cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells,and digestive enzyme inhibition(α-amylase,α-glucosidase,and lipase)of the extracts.Both fungi exhibited significant antioxidant activity comparable to the standard antioxidant compound propyl gallate.Additionally,extracts showed potent enzyme inhibition,including hypoglycemic and lipase activities,indicating their potential as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents,particularly in F.hepatica.Conversely,the acetone extract of V.gloiocephalus demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cancer cells.PCA analysis confirmed correlations between bioactive compounds and bioactivities.These findings highlight the potential of F.hepatica and V.gloiocephalus as promising sources of natural bioactive compounds with applications in addressing metabolic disorders,cancer and oxidative stress,as functional foods,nutraceuticals,and pharmaceuticals.展开更多
Objective:Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD)is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formulation which has been used for almost 2000 years.At Guang'anmen Hospital,Beijing,a modified GQD version(m GQD)with seven inste...Objective:Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD)is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formulation which has been used for almost 2000 years.At Guang'anmen Hospital,Beijing,a modified GQD version(m GQD)with seven instead of four herbal ingredients has been applied to treat Type 2 diabetes.Quality control is a crucial prerequisite for the therapeutic application of herbal medicines.For the identification of products derived from classical GQD,the Chinese Pharmacopeia requires the analysis of only three marker compounds.Because m GQD is a more complex mixture containing seven herbs and hundreds of constituents,the pharmacopoeia method for GQD is inadequate.Materials and Methods:A more comprehensive characterization of the formula's constituents has been developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection(UHPLC-DAD)-Q-Exactive-mass spectrometry(MS)in electrospray ionization positive and negative mode.Moreover,a new method for the fingerprint analysis of m GQD via high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)has been established.Results:Altogether,91 compounds have been assigned to their originating plants and 84 substances were identified either by comparison with authentic references or with data from the literature.The HPTLC method is based on the application of two different mobile phases and is able to detect both lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents of m GQD.Conclusions:The modified GQD was extensively characterized by UHPLC combined with DAD and Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution MS detection,leading to the assignment and identification of compounds present in the decoction.In addition,a new method for the fingerprint analysis of the m GQD using HPTLC was established,which allows fast and simple identification of the herbal ingredients in the mixture.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‑19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,continues to be a global concern.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)are an important element of the fight against COVID‑...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‑19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,continues to be a global concern.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)are an important element of the fight against COVID‑19 in China.The combined application of TCMs and conventional medicines in the treatment of COVID‑19 has achieved beneficial results,including the resolution of symptoms,prevention of disease progression,and reduced mortality.In this review,we summarize and discuss the current applications of TCMs with respect to COVID‑19,as well as update the preclinical and clinical research,including chemical analysis,molecular mechanisms,quality control,drug development,and studies of clinical efficacy.The expectation is that a better understanding of the roles of TCMs against COVID‑19 will improve the response to COVID‑19,both in China and globally.展开更多
The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by ...The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by the extensive work and the outstanding findings achieved within this kind of medicine. The practice of TCM over thousands of years has equipped scientists with substantial experience with hundreds of plants that led to the discovery of artemisinin(qinghaosu), which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L.(qinghao). The unexpected success of artemisinin in combating malaria has drawn strong attention from the scientific community towards TCM. Artemisinin was discovered by Youyou Tu in 1972. Since then, several novel pharmacological activities based on the well-known properties of the sesquiterpene lactone structure with the oxepane ring and an endoperoxide bridge have been unravelled. Beyond malaria, artemisinin and its derivatives(artemisinins) exert profound activities towards other protozoans(Leishmania, Trypanosoma, amoebas, Neospora caninum, and Eimeria tenella), trematodes(Schistosoma, liver flukes), and viruses(human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses). Less clear is the effect against bacteria and fungi. Based on the promising results of artemisinin and the first generation derivatives(artesunate, artemether, arteether), novel drug development strategies have been pursued.These included the synthesis of acetal-and non-acetal-type artemisinin dimeric molecules as well as developing nanotechnological approaches, e.g.artemisinin-based liposomes, niosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoparticles, fullerenes and nanotubes. The current review presents an overview on different aspects of artemisinins, including sources, chemistry, biological/pharmacological properties, types of infectious pathogens that are susceptible to artemisinins in vitro and in vivo, in addition to the advancement in their drug delivery systems utilizing pharmaceutical technology. It would be expected that different therapeutic strategies based on the second and third generation artemisinin derivatives and artemisinin-based drug technologies would be available in the near future to treat specific infectious diseases.展开更多
Quality of control of Chinese herbal medicines is currently mainly based on specifications of pharmacopoeias.Challenges are the limited specificiity of some of these methods,the use of various grades and processed mat...Quality of control of Chinese herbal medicines is currently mainly based on specifications of pharmacopoeias.Challenges are the limited specificiity of some of these methods,the use of various grades and processed materials,which cannot easily be distinguished,and the increasing use of granules,which are so far not considered in most pharmacopoeias.For identity and purity testing,microscopy and TLC fingerprint analysis are展开更多
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473344, 81403097, and 81530095)Special Scientific Research in the Chinese Medicine Industry of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (201307002)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project for Major Drug Development (2014ZX09304-307-001-007)the Study on International Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (GZYYGJ2017024)the National Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project (ZYBZH-K-LN-01).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), a complex system of natural resources with many diverse components, are widely used as approved medicinal agents in China. Quality control of TCMs is a huge challenge for the government and for testing institutes and is associated with numerous scientific issues. Among these considerations include the following questions: How many components are in TCMs? How can the multiple components in TCMs be comprehensively delineated and subsequently characterized? What is the level and range of these (active) metabolites within these multiple-component TCMs, in order to recommend standards? and What are the qualities required for a marker constituent to be selected, and from a practical perspective, how can these components be assessed with low cost and in a short time? All of these factors require significant and deep thinking in order to understand the individualistic chemistry of TCM in order to develop enhanced TCM quality standards for improved and consistent patient care. In this review, the latest exploratory research in TCM chemistry analytical techniques and methods is summarized in order to begin to develop responses to these scientific issues. Advances in these methods have included multidimensional separation for liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), smart triggering data-dependent acquisition of LC–HRMS, target analysis with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), supercritical fluid chromatography, and data mining of large mass spectrometry (MS) datasets. In addition, two quality strategies have been introduced in order to save reference standards and the analysis time for a TCM quality standard, including the application of the single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC) and monomethodheterotrait matrix methods. Finally, a series of future improvements for analytical methods for TCMs are proposed.
文摘The Gwich’in,which belong to the Athapaskan language group of Native Americans live in the borderland between Alaska and Canada.We analyzed 29 medicinal plants of this tribe for their growth inhibitory activity against CCRF-CEM T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)cells.The anti-leukemic activity of these plants has not been investigated as yet.Considering the poor cure rates of some ALL forms,there might be a great potential for medicinal plants as resource for natural products to treat T-ALL.We found that the hexane extracts of three plants revealed considerable growth inhibition on CCRF-CEM cells.The 50%inhibition concentrations(IC50)were 6.63±0.03μg/ml for Cladina mitis,8.65±0.38μg/ml for Picea mariana(needles),and 9.67±1.36μg/ml for Artemisia frigida.Further investigations are required to isolate the active constituents of these plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0201100 and 2022YFC0868300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22107004)。
文摘Sanhan Huashi formula(SHHS),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in clinical settings.However,its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification.In vitro experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited viral invasion and proliferation.Complementary in vivo experiments using K18-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2(hACE2)mice exposed to virus-like particles(VLPs)further confirmed that SHHS impeded SARS-CoV-2 entry.Although SHHS did not demonstrate direct antiviral effects in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2,it significantly alleviated pathological damage and decreased the expression of chemokines such as C–C motif ligand(CCL)-2,CCL-3,C–X–C motif ligand(CXCL)-1,CXCL-6,CXCL-9,CXCL-10,and CXCL-11 in the lungs,suggesting that SHHS exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via the CCL-2–CXCL axis.Additional research using a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)and RAW264.7 cell model validated the ability of SHHS to reduce the levels of inflammatory biomarkers,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Using advanced analytical techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)and surface plasmon resonance(SPR),nodakenin was identified as a potent antiviral component of SHHS that targets the 3C-like protease(3CL^(pro)),a finding supported by the hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)and molecular docking analyses.Furthermore,nodakenin demonstrated a significant antiviral effect,reducing the viral load by more than 66%.This investigation reveals that SHHS can combat COVID-19 by inhibiting viral invasion and promoting anti-inflammatory effects.
文摘Thank you very much for inviting me to this event.It is a good discussion among different fields from Europe,Australian and China on the issue of herbal medicines.For a lot of issues have been discussed by experts and today is the 2nd day of this symposium,there is a little disadvantage for me to give this speech.So I will try to reduce what have been said as far as possible and try to provide different ideas and perspectives.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(Grant Nos.451-03-33/2026-03/200125 and 451-03-34/2026-03/200125).
文摘Volvopluteus gloiocephalus is an underexplored edible mushroom with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory properties.This study aimed to evaluate its effects on inflammatory mediators and steroid-related molecular targets using a bioactivity-guided approach.To capture metabolites of different polarities,five sol-vent extracts(acetone,CHCl_(3),80%MeOH,70%EtOH,and H_(2)O)were prepared,while polysaccharide-rich fraction(PSH)was prepared to investigate the contribution of high-molecular-weight constituents,particu-larlyβ-glucans.Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites in human platelets and direct COX-1/COX-2 enzyme assays.Steroid receptor binding(ERα,ERβ,AR,and GR)was evalu-ated using a yeast-based fluorescent biosensor,while AKR1C3 and AKR1C4 inhibition was determined by a NADPH-consumption assay.Structural characterization of the PSH fraction was performed by ^(1)H NMR,and molecular docking explored interactions of quantified polyphenolics with AKR1C3 and COX enzymes.The extracts exhibited pronounced,pathway-dependent anti-inflammatory activity.CHCl_(3)showed the strongest inhibition of the 12-LOX-derived metabolite 12-HETE(89.45%),while the 80%MeOH markedly reduced COX-derived metabolites PGE2 and TXB2(84.50%and 82%,respectively).Notably,PSH fraction and polar extracts demonstrated strong and selective glucocorticoid receptor binding without estrogenic or andro-genic activity.All extracts except 80%MeOH potently inhibited AKR1C3,with the PSH fraction showing the strongest effect(96.17%)exceeding ibuprofen.^(1)H NMR indicated enrichment inβ-glucans.Although docking supported phenolic-enzyme interactions,experimental findings suggest a substantial contribution of poly-saccharides and other non-phenolic constituents.These results highlight V.gloiocephalus as a promising multitarget bioactive source for functional food and nutraceutical applications.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development,and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(Grant No.451-03-66/2024-03/200125&451-03-65/2024-03/200125).
文摘Fungi represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds,offering potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.Fistulina hepatica(Schaeff.)With.and Volvopluteus gloiocephalus(DC.)Vizzini,Contu&Justo,two autochthonous fungi from Serbia,remain underexplored for their mycochemical composition and biological activities.This study aims to evaluate their bioactive potential,emphasizing antioxidant,enzyme inhibition,and cytotoxic properties.Extracts from F.hepatica and V.gloiocephalus were obtained using solvents of different polarities(acetone,CHCl3,80%MeOH,70%EtOH,H_(2)O and PSH),and dried fruiting bodies were subjected to chemical analysis.The chemical analyses included Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis with mycroanalysis,liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS)profiling.While AAS profiling of minerals was conducted on the dried fruiting bodies,all other analyses were performed on the extracts.In vitro assays were performed to assess the antioxidant capacity,cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells,and digestive enzyme inhibition(α-amylase,α-glucosidase,and lipase)of the extracts.Both fungi exhibited significant antioxidant activity comparable to the standard antioxidant compound propyl gallate.Additionally,extracts showed potent enzyme inhibition,including hypoglycemic and lipase activities,indicating their potential as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents,particularly in F.hepatica.Conversely,the acetone extract of V.gloiocephalus demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cancer cells.PCA analysis confirmed correlations between bioactive compounds and bioactivities.These findings highlight the potential of F.hepatica and V.gloiocephalus as promising sources of natural bioactive compounds with applications in addressing metabolic disorders,cancer and oxidative stress,as functional foods,nutraceuticals,and pharmaceuticals.
基金financially supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research(402.000/00012-WF/V/6/2016),Vienna,Austriaby the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences as a“Belt and Road”special international cooperation project(GH2017-03-06),Beijing,Chinaby the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation(No.81430097),Beijing,China。
文摘Objective:Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD)is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formulation which has been used for almost 2000 years.At Guang'anmen Hospital,Beijing,a modified GQD version(m GQD)with seven instead of four herbal ingredients has been applied to treat Type 2 diabetes.Quality control is a crucial prerequisite for the therapeutic application of herbal medicines.For the identification of products derived from classical GQD,the Chinese Pharmacopeia requires the analysis of only three marker compounds.Because m GQD is a more complex mixture containing seven herbs and hundreds of constituents,the pharmacopoeia method for GQD is inadequate.Materials and Methods:A more comprehensive characterization of the formula's constituents has been developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection(UHPLC-DAD)-Q-Exactive-mass spectrometry(MS)in electrospray ionization positive and negative mode.Moreover,a new method for the fingerprint analysis of m GQD via high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)has been established.Results:Altogether,91 compounds have been assigned to their originating plants and 84 substances were identified either by comparison with authentic references or with data from the literature.The HPTLC method is based on the application of two different mobile phases and is able to detect both lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents of m GQD.Conclusions:The modified GQD was extensively characterized by UHPLC combined with DAD and Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution MS detection,leading to the assignment and identification of compounds present in the decoction.In addition,a new method for the fingerprint analysis of the m GQD using HPTLC was established,which allows fast and simple identification of the herbal ingredients in the mixture.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130111 and 82003940)the Qi‑Huang Chief Scientist Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020).
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‑19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,continues to be a global concern.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)are an important element of the fight against COVID‑19 in China.The combined application of TCMs and conventional medicines in the treatment of COVID‑19 has achieved beneficial results,including the resolution of symptoms,prevention of disease progression,and reduced mortality.In this review,we summarize and discuss the current applications of TCMs with respect to COVID‑19,as well as update the preclinical and clinical research,including chemical analysis,molecular mechanisms,quality control,drug development,and studies of clinical efficacy.The expectation is that a better understanding of the roles of TCMs against COVID‑19 will improve the response to COVID‑19,both in China and globally.
文摘The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by the extensive work and the outstanding findings achieved within this kind of medicine. The practice of TCM over thousands of years has equipped scientists with substantial experience with hundreds of plants that led to the discovery of artemisinin(qinghaosu), which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L.(qinghao). The unexpected success of artemisinin in combating malaria has drawn strong attention from the scientific community towards TCM. Artemisinin was discovered by Youyou Tu in 1972. Since then, several novel pharmacological activities based on the well-known properties of the sesquiterpene lactone structure with the oxepane ring and an endoperoxide bridge have been unravelled. Beyond malaria, artemisinin and its derivatives(artemisinins) exert profound activities towards other protozoans(Leishmania, Trypanosoma, amoebas, Neospora caninum, and Eimeria tenella), trematodes(Schistosoma, liver flukes), and viruses(human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses). Less clear is the effect against bacteria and fungi. Based on the promising results of artemisinin and the first generation derivatives(artesunate, artemether, arteether), novel drug development strategies have been pursued.These included the synthesis of acetal-and non-acetal-type artemisinin dimeric molecules as well as developing nanotechnological approaches, e.g.artemisinin-based liposomes, niosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoparticles, fullerenes and nanotubes. The current review presents an overview on different aspects of artemisinins, including sources, chemistry, biological/pharmacological properties, types of infectious pathogens that are susceptible to artemisinins in vitro and in vivo, in addition to the advancement in their drug delivery systems utilizing pharmaceutical technology. It would be expected that different therapeutic strategies based on the second and third generation artemisinin derivatives and artemisinin-based drug technologies would be available in the near future to treat specific infectious diseases.
文摘Quality of control of Chinese herbal medicines is currently mainly based on specifications of pharmacopoeias.Challenges are the limited specificiity of some of these methods,the use of various grades and processed materials,which cannot easily be distinguished,and the increasing use of granules,which are so far not considered in most pharmacopoeias.For identity and purity testing,microscopy and TLC fingerprint analysis are
