Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical performance.Recently,considerable efforts have been devoted to t...Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical performance.Recently,considerable efforts have been devoted to this endeavor.This review systematically summarizes the impact of built-in electric fields on enhancing charge separation and transfer mechanisms,focusing on the modulation of built-in electric fields in terms of depth and orderliness.First,mechanisms and tuning strategies for built-in electric fields are explored.Then,the state-of-the-art works regarding built-in electric fields for modulating charge separation and transfer are summarized and categorized according to surface and interface depth.Finally,current strategies for constructing bulk built-in electric fields in photoelectrodes are explored,and insights into future developments for enhancing charge separation and transfer in high-performance photoelectrochemical applications are provided.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),a severe type of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),is a leading etiology of end-stage liver disease worldwide,posing significant hea...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),a severe type of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),is a leading etiology of end-stage liver disease worldwide,posing significant health and economic burdens.microRNA-320(miR-320),a ubiquitously expressed and evolutionarily conserved miRNA,has been reported to regulate lipid metabolism;however,whether and how miR-320 affects MASH development remains unclear.By performing miR-320 in situ hybridization with RNAscope,we observed a notable downregulation of miR-320 in hepatocytes during MASH,correlating with disease severity.Most importantly,miR-320 downregulation in hepatocytes exacerbated MASH progression as demonstrated that hepatocyte-specific miR-320 deficient mice were more susceptible to high-fat,high-fructose,high-cholesterol diet(HFHC)or choline-deficient,amino acid-defined,high-fat diet(CDAHFD)-induced MASH compared with control littermates.Conversely,restoration of miR-320 in hepatocytes ameliorated MASH-related steatosis and fibrosis by injection of adeno-associated virus 8(AAV8)carrying miR-320 in different types of diet-induced MASH models.Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-320 specifically regulated fibroblast growth factor 1(FGF1)production in hepatocytes by inhibiting regulator factor X1(RFX1)expression.Notably,knockdown of Rfx1in hepatocytes mitigated MASH by enhancing FGF1-mediated AMPK activation.Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of hepatic miR-320 supplementation in MASH treatment by inhibiting RFX1-mediated FGF1 suppression.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Industrial Technology Innovation Program of IMAST(No.2023JSYD 01003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104292 and U2341209)。
文摘Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical performance.Recently,considerable efforts have been devoted to this endeavor.This review systematically summarizes the impact of built-in electric fields on enhancing charge separation and transfer mechanisms,focusing on the modulation of built-in electric fields in terms of depth and orderliness.First,mechanisms and tuning strategies for built-in electric fields are explored.Then,the state-of-the-art works regarding built-in electric fields for modulating charge separation and transfer are summarized and categorized according to surface and interface depth.Finally,current strategies for constructing bulk built-in electric fields in photoelectrodes are explored,and insights into future developments for enhancing charge separation and transfer in high-performance photoelectrochemical applications are provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82300657 and 82270601)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1800804)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1473800,China).
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),a severe type of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),is a leading etiology of end-stage liver disease worldwide,posing significant health and economic burdens.microRNA-320(miR-320),a ubiquitously expressed and evolutionarily conserved miRNA,has been reported to regulate lipid metabolism;however,whether and how miR-320 affects MASH development remains unclear.By performing miR-320 in situ hybridization with RNAscope,we observed a notable downregulation of miR-320 in hepatocytes during MASH,correlating with disease severity.Most importantly,miR-320 downregulation in hepatocytes exacerbated MASH progression as demonstrated that hepatocyte-specific miR-320 deficient mice were more susceptible to high-fat,high-fructose,high-cholesterol diet(HFHC)or choline-deficient,amino acid-defined,high-fat diet(CDAHFD)-induced MASH compared with control littermates.Conversely,restoration of miR-320 in hepatocytes ameliorated MASH-related steatosis and fibrosis by injection of adeno-associated virus 8(AAV8)carrying miR-320 in different types of diet-induced MASH models.Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-320 specifically regulated fibroblast growth factor 1(FGF1)production in hepatocytes by inhibiting regulator factor X1(RFX1)expression.Notably,knockdown of Rfx1in hepatocytes mitigated MASH by enhancing FGF1-mediated AMPK activation.Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of hepatic miR-320 supplementation in MASH treatment by inhibiting RFX1-mediated FGF1 suppression.
