Dexanabinol(HU-211)is an artificially synthesized cannabinoid derivative that exerts neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Curcumin exhibits antidepressant effects in the treatment ...Dexanabinol(HU-211)is an artificially synthesized cannabinoid derivative that exerts neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Curcumin exhibits antidepressant effects in the treatment of major depressive disorder.To investigate the antidepressant effects of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with both curcumin and dexanabinol,and the underlying mechanisms associated with this combination,we established wild-type(CBR1~(+/+))and cannabinoid receptor 1(CBR1)knockout(CBR1~(–/–))mouse models of major depressive disorder,through the intraperitoneal injection of corticosterone,for 3 successive days,followed by treatment with intraperitoneal injections of solid lipid nanoparticles loading with curcumin(20 mg/kg)and dexanabinol(0.85 mg/kg),for 2 successive days.Our results revealed that solid lipid nanoparticle loading with curcumin and dexanabinol increased the m RNA and protein expression levels of the mature neuronal markers neuronal nuclei,mitogen-activated protein 2,and neuron-specific beta-tubulin III,promoted the release of dopamine and norepinephrine,and increased the m RNA expression of CBR1 and the downstream genes Rasgef1c and Egr1,and simultaneously improved rat locomotor function.However,solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with curcumin and dexanabinol had no antidepressant effects on the CBR1~(–/–)mouse models of major depressive disorder.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University,China(approval No.2017-DW-020)on May 24,2017.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions for correcting preexisting corneal astigmatism performed at the time of cataract surgery.METH...AIM:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions for correcting preexisting corneal astigmatism performed at the time of cataract surgery.METHODS:This prospective case series study comprised consecutive age-related cataract patients with corneal regular astigmatism(range:+0.75 to+2.50 D)who had femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions(single or paired).Corneal astigmatism was performed with the Pentacam preoperatively and 3 mo postoperatively.Total corneal astigmatism and steepestmeridian measured in the 3-mm central zone were used to guide the location,size and number of clear corneal incision.The vector analysis of astigmatic change was performed using the Alpins method.RESULTS:Totally 138 eyes of 138 patients were included.The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.31±0.41 D,and was significantly reduced to 0.69±0.34 D(equivalent to difference vector)after surgery(P<0.01).The surgically-induced astigmatism was 1.02±0.54 D.The correction index(ratio of target induced astigmatism and surgically-induced astigmatism:0.72±0.36)as well as the magnitude of error(difference between surgically-induced astigmatism and target induced astigmatism:-0.29±0.51)represented a slight under correction.For angle of error,the arithmetic mean was 1.11±13.70,indicating no significant systematic alignment errors.CONCLUSION:Femtosecond-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incision is a fast,customizable,adjustable,precise,and safe technique for the reduction of low to moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.展开更多
AIM：To survey the prevalence and causes of visual impairment/blindness among elderly Chinese from different socioeconomic status in community-based design.METHODS：Cluster-sampling randomly selected residents from Bi...AIM：To survey the prevalence and causes of visual impairment/blindness among elderly Chinese from different socioeconomic status in community-based design.METHODS：Cluster-sampling randomly selected residents from Binhu and Funing District,two areas representing different socioeconomic levels in China with Binhu in an advanced status and Funing in lessdeveloped area.The participants subjected to ophthalmic examination.The presenting visual acuity（PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） were recorded.Visual impairment and blindness were defined according to World Health Organization criteria.The causes of visual impairment/blindness were identified by ophthalmic examination and/or questionnaire.The socioeconomic status included the per capita gross domestic product,numbers of hospital with ophthalmic service and the number of ophthalmologists per 1 million residents.RESULTS：We successfully included 12 867 participants form 2 areas in this study.The prevalence of PVA impairment（〈20/63 to ≥20/400） in the better eye was 5.4% in Binhu and 23.6% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness（〈20/400） was 0.9% in Binhu and 2.3% in Funing.With BCVA,the prevalence of visual impairment was 2.4% in Binhu and 6.4% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness was 0.8% in Binhu and 1.6% in Funing.The participants with older age and female gender had higher prevalence in visual impairment and blindness.The highest prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA at 〉80y age group reached 20.4% and 6.3% respectively.The prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA were 3.5% and 1.0% in male and 5.0% and 1.3% in female.The above differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The predominant causes of visual impairment and blindness were cataract,retinal disorders and uncorrected refractive error in both areas.The socioeconomic status was associated with visual impairment and blindness.CONCLUSION：This community-based study build a sufficient sample size for an ophthalmic survey.Our data show the disparities on socioeconomic development and genders in visual impairment and blindness in China.Special emphasis of ophthalmic service should be placed on females and less-developed area.展开更多
We propose a novel high performance carrier stored trench bipolar transistor(CSTBT)with dual shielding structure(DSS-CSTBT).The proposed DSS-CSTBT features a double trench structure with different trench profiles in t...We propose a novel high performance carrier stored trench bipolar transistor(CSTBT)with dual shielding structure(DSS-CSTBT).The proposed DSS-CSTBT features a double trench structure with different trench profiles in the surface,in which a shallow gate trench is shielded by a deep emitter trench and a thick oxide layer under it.Compared with the conventional CSTBT(con-CSTBT),the proposed DSS-CSTBT not only alleviates the negative impact of the shallow gate trench and highly doped CS layer on the breakdown voltage(BV),but also well reduces the gate-collector capacitance CGC,gate charge Q_(G),and turn-off loss E_(OFF)of the device.Furthermore,lower turn-on loss E_(ON)and gate drive loss E_(DR)are also obtained.Simulation results show that with the same CS layer doping concentration N_(CS)=1.5×10^(16)cm^(-3),the BV increases from 1312 V of the con-CSTBT to 1423 V of the proposed DSS-CSTBT with oxide layer thickness under gate(T_(og2))of 1μm.Moreover,compared with the con-CSTBT,the C_(GC)at V_(CE)of 25 V and miller plateau charge(Q_(GC))for the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm are reduced by 79.4%and 74.3%,respectively.With the VGEincreases from 0 V to 15 V,the total QGfor the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm is reduced by 49.5%.As a result,at the same on-state voltage drop(V_(CEON))of 1.55 V,the E_(ON)and E_(OFF)are reduced from 20.3 mJ/cm^(2)and 19.3 mJ/cm^(2)for the con-CSTBT to8.2 mJ/cm^(2)and 9.7 mJ/cm^(2)for the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm,respectively.The proposed DSS-CSTBT not only significantly improves the trade-off relationship between the V_(CEON)and E_(OFF)but also greatly reduces the E_(ON).展开更多
With the carbonization at an elevated temperature,high aromaticity of a precursor for porous carbons was traditionally thought to be crucial for the resultant perfect textural properties and ideal application performa...With the carbonization at an elevated temperature,high aromaticity of a precursor for porous carbons was traditionally thought to be crucial for the resultant perfect textural properties and ideal application performances of the porous carbons.Thus,many efforts have been done to search or to artificially prepare the polymer precursors with higher aromaticity to generate more satisfying porous carbons.However,an antiempirical case was found in this study.The copolymerization between 1,3,5-tris(chloromethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene(TCM)and cyclohexane-1,4-diamine was successfully implemented to get a polymer code-named NUT-40,in which half of the ring structures are nonaromatic,while N-doped porous carbons(NDPCs)with better textural properties(e.g.,SBET=1363 m^(2)g^(-1)for NDPC-600)and competitive CO_(2)capture abilities(e.g.,CO_(2)capacity=4.3 mmol g^(-1)at 25℃and 1 bar for NDPC-600)were generated from the NUT-40,compared with the NDPC counterparts derived from the NUT-4 in a previous study(e.g.,SBET=958 m^(2)g^(-1)and CO_(2)capacity=3.8 mmol g^(-1)at 25℃and 1 bar for NDPC-600),in which TCM and ursol were employed as the monomers instead,and thus the ring structures in the NUT-4 was fully aromatic.With first-principle and molecular dynamics simulations,it was demonstrated that the embryo pore structure in the NUT-40 molecule can be more easily maintained during the carbonization than that of the NUT-4,which finally improves the surface area and porosity of the NUT-40 generated NDPCs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81671105,81873994,31727801(to RRZ)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFA0100800(to LMC)the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81820108013(to LMC)。
文摘Dexanabinol(HU-211)is an artificially synthesized cannabinoid derivative that exerts neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Curcumin exhibits antidepressant effects in the treatment of major depressive disorder.To investigate the antidepressant effects of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with both curcumin and dexanabinol,and the underlying mechanisms associated with this combination,we established wild-type(CBR1~(+/+))and cannabinoid receptor 1(CBR1)knockout(CBR1~(–/–))mouse models of major depressive disorder,through the intraperitoneal injection of corticosterone,for 3 successive days,followed by treatment with intraperitoneal injections of solid lipid nanoparticles loading with curcumin(20 mg/kg)and dexanabinol(0.85 mg/kg),for 2 successive days.Our results revealed that solid lipid nanoparticle loading with curcumin and dexanabinol increased the m RNA and protein expression levels of the mature neuronal markers neuronal nuclei,mitogen-activated protein 2,and neuron-specific beta-tubulin III,promoted the release of dopamine and norepinephrine,and increased the m RNA expression of CBR1 and the downstream genes Rasgef1c and Egr1,and simultaneously improved rat locomotor function.However,solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with curcumin and dexanabinol had no antidepressant effects on the CBR1~(–/–)mouse models of major depressive disorder.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University,China(approval No.2017-DW-020)on May 24,2017.
文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions for correcting preexisting corneal astigmatism performed at the time of cataract surgery.METHODS:This prospective case series study comprised consecutive age-related cataract patients with corneal regular astigmatism(range:+0.75 to+2.50 D)who had femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions(single or paired).Corneal astigmatism was performed with the Pentacam preoperatively and 3 mo postoperatively.Total corneal astigmatism and steepestmeridian measured in the 3-mm central zone were used to guide the location,size and number of clear corneal incision.The vector analysis of astigmatic change was performed using the Alpins method.RESULTS:Totally 138 eyes of 138 patients were included.The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.31±0.41 D,and was significantly reduced to 0.69±0.34 D(equivalent to difference vector)after surgery(P<0.01).The surgically-induced astigmatism was 1.02±0.54 D.The correction index(ratio of target induced astigmatism and surgically-induced astigmatism:0.72±0.36)as well as the magnitude of error(difference between surgically-induced astigmatism and target induced astigmatism:-0.29±0.51)represented a slight under correction.For angle of error,the arithmetic mean was 1.11±13.70,indicating no significant systematic alignment errors.CONCLUSION:Femtosecond-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incision is a fast,customizable,adjustable,precise,and safe technique for the reduction of low to moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81070718)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BRA2010173)
文摘AIM：To survey the prevalence and causes of visual impairment/blindness among elderly Chinese from different socioeconomic status in community-based design.METHODS：Cluster-sampling randomly selected residents from Binhu and Funing District,two areas representing different socioeconomic levels in China with Binhu in an advanced status and Funing in lessdeveloped area.The participants subjected to ophthalmic examination.The presenting visual acuity（PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） were recorded.Visual impairment and blindness were defined according to World Health Organization criteria.The causes of visual impairment/blindness were identified by ophthalmic examination and/or questionnaire.The socioeconomic status included the per capita gross domestic product,numbers of hospital with ophthalmic service and the number of ophthalmologists per 1 million residents.RESULTS：We successfully included 12 867 participants form 2 areas in this study.The prevalence of PVA impairment（〈20/63 to ≥20/400） in the better eye was 5.4% in Binhu and 23.6% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness（〈20/400） was 0.9% in Binhu and 2.3% in Funing.With BCVA,the prevalence of visual impairment was 2.4% in Binhu and 6.4% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness was 0.8% in Binhu and 1.6% in Funing.The participants with older age and female gender had higher prevalence in visual impairment and blindness.The highest prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA at 〉80y age group reached 20.4% and 6.3% respectively.The prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA were 3.5% and 1.0% in male and 5.0% and 1.3% in female.The above differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The predominant causes of visual impairment and blindness were cataract,retinal disorders and uncorrected refractive error in both areas.The socioeconomic status was associated with visual impairment and blindness.CONCLUSION：This community-based study build a sufficient sample size for an ophthalmic survey.Our data show the disparities on socioeconomic development and genders in visual impairment and blindness in China.Special emphasis of ophthalmic service should be placed on females and less-developed area.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1201802)the Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2018B010142001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant No.2020A1515010128).
文摘We propose a novel high performance carrier stored trench bipolar transistor(CSTBT)with dual shielding structure(DSS-CSTBT).The proposed DSS-CSTBT features a double trench structure with different trench profiles in the surface,in which a shallow gate trench is shielded by a deep emitter trench and a thick oxide layer under it.Compared with the conventional CSTBT(con-CSTBT),the proposed DSS-CSTBT not only alleviates the negative impact of the shallow gate trench and highly doped CS layer on the breakdown voltage(BV),but also well reduces the gate-collector capacitance CGC,gate charge Q_(G),and turn-off loss E_(OFF)of the device.Furthermore,lower turn-on loss E_(ON)and gate drive loss E_(DR)are also obtained.Simulation results show that with the same CS layer doping concentration N_(CS)=1.5×10^(16)cm^(-3),the BV increases from 1312 V of the con-CSTBT to 1423 V of the proposed DSS-CSTBT with oxide layer thickness under gate(T_(og2))of 1μm.Moreover,compared with the con-CSTBT,the C_(GC)at V_(CE)of 25 V and miller plateau charge(Q_(GC))for the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm are reduced by 79.4%and 74.3%,respectively.With the VGEincreases from 0 V to 15 V,the total QGfor the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm is reduced by 49.5%.As a result,at the same on-state voltage drop(V_(CEON))of 1.55 V,the E_(ON)and E_(OFF)are reduced from 20.3 mJ/cm^(2)and 19.3 mJ/cm^(2)for the con-CSTBT to8.2 mJ/cm^(2)and 9.7 mJ/cm^(2)for the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm,respectively.The proposed DSS-CSTBT not only significantly improves the trade-off relationship between the V_(CEON)and E_(OFF)but also greatly reduces the E_(ON).
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180709)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21808105,21676138,21722606,21878149,and 21808110)。
文摘With the carbonization at an elevated temperature,high aromaticity of a precursor for porous carbons was traditionally thought to be crucial for the resultant perfect textural properties and ideal application performances of the porous carbons.Thus,many efforts have been done to search or to artificially prepare the polymer precursors with higher aromaticity to generate more satisfying porous carbons.However,an antiempirical case was found in this study.The copolymerization between 1,3,5-tris(chloromethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene(TCM)and cyclohexane-1,4-diamine was successfully implemented to get a polymer code-named NUT-40,in which half of the ring structures are nonaromatic,while N-doped porous carbons(NDPCs)with better textural properties(e.g.,SBET=1363 m^(2)g^(-1)for NDPC-600)and competitive CO_(2)capture abilities(e.g.,CO_(2)capacity=4.3 mmol g^(-1)at 25℃and 1 bar for NDPC-600)were generated from the NUT-40,compared with the NDPC counterparts derived from the NUT-4 in a previous study(e.g.,SBET=958 m^(2)g^(-1)and CO_(2)capacity=3.8 mmol g^(-1)at 25℃and 1 bar for NDPC-600),in which TCM and ursol were employed as the monomers instead,and thus the ring structures in the NUT-4 was fully aromatic.With first-principle and molecular dynamics simulations,it was demonstrated that the embryo pore structure in the NUT-40 molecule can be more easily maintained during the carbonization than that of the NUT-4,which finally improves the surface area and porosity of the NUT-40 generated NDPCs.
