Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic,posing severe challenges to public health and contributing to various complications,including metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease,and type 2 diabetes.This review provide...Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic,posing severe challenges to public health and contributing to various complications,including metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease,and type 2 diabetes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of obesity,its associated comorbidities,and the limitations of conventional treatments.We explore the complex relationship between obesity-induced inflammation,immune dysregulation,and the pivotal role of adipose tissue macrophages(ATMs).Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues(AT)is a key driver of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.As ATs expand,they undergo significant changes,including increased immune cell infiltration,particularly macrophages(MΦs),which shift from an anti-inflammatory towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.This review aims to advance the understanding of immunomodulatory strategies by examining MΦpolarization and AT browning as promising therapeutic approaches.We focus on nanoparticles(NPs)-based strategies for immunomodulation,highlighting innovative engineering approaches designed to target the inflammatory pathways underlying obesity.By addressing these mechanisms,this review provides valuable insights into mitigating obesity-associated inflammation and related metabolic disorders,paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the fight against the global obesity epidemic.展开更多
基金support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number R35GM142752.
文摘Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic,posing severe challenges to public health and contributing to various complications,including metabolic disorders,cardiovascular disease,and type 2 diabetes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of obesity,its associated comorbidities,and the limitations of conventional treatments.We explore the complex relationship between obesity-induced inflammation,immune dysregulation,and the pivotal role of adipose tissue macrophages(ATMs).Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues(AT)is a key driver of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.As ATs expand,they undergo significant changes,including increased immune cell infiltration,particularly macrophages(MΦs),which shift from an anti-inflammatory towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.This review aims to advance the understanding of immunomodulatory strategies by examining MΦpolarization and AT browning as promising therapeutic approaches.We focus on nanoparticles(NPs)-based strategies for immunomodulation,highlighting innovative engineering approaches designed to target the inflammatory pathways underlying obesity.By addressing these mechanisms,this review provides valuable insights into mitigating obesity-associated inflammation and related metabolic disorders,paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the fight against the global obesity epidemic.
