Forensic geology has developed in each country dependent on the history,political and social setting,anthropological influences and geology.The aim of this section is to provide a global overview of forensic geology,i...Forensic geology has developed in each country dependent on the history,political and social setting,anthropological influences and geology.The aim of this section is to provide a global overview of forensic geology,including the history,developments and future challenges in Africa,Asia,Australia,Canada,Europe,Middle East,Latin America and the Caribbean,Russia and Commonwealth Independent States(CIS),and USA.展开更多
Through five diverse cases involving an attempt of murder,cold murder in 1988,two contemporary murder investigations in the past 10 years and sexual assault,this paper will demonstrate how combined pedological,mineral...Through five diverse cases involving an attempt of murder,cold murder in 1988,two contemporary murder investigations in the past 10 years and sexual assault,this paper will demonstrate how combined pedological,mineralogical and chemical investigations,have been critical in developing reliable soil information,from landscape to microscopic scales,to help in forensic investigations,which were used as evidence in Australian State Supreme courts.A wide range of natural soil types(sandy coastal beaches,grey clayey wetlands,black muddy alluvium in river-beds,brown clayey and loamy soils in wooded areas)and humanmade soil types(comprising brick and road gravel fragments)across Australia were used in these forensic investigations to associate materials taken from questioned items,such as shoes,clothing,shovels or vehicles,with a specific control location or the crime scene.To illustrate the power of soil analysis in criminal investigations it is beneficial to share successful case examples to demonstrate the potential value of this somewhat under-utilized forensic tool.Here we will discuss how pedological and soil mineralogy expertise,especially in using soil maps and X-ray diffraction(XRD),has been used as a contributory part of each overall historical(cold)and recent criminal investigation.展开更多
文摘Forensic geology has developed in each country dependent on the history,political and social setting,anthropological influences and geology.The aim of this section is to provide a global overview of forensic geology,including the history,developments and future challenges in Africa,Asia,Australia,Canada,Europe,Middle East,Latin America and the Caribbean,Russia and Commonwealth Independent States(CIS),and USA.
文摘Through five diverse cases involving an attempt of murder,cold murder in 1988,two contemporary murder investigations in the past 10 years and sexual assault,this paper will demonstrate how combined pedological,mineralogical and chemical investigations,have been critical in developing reliable soil information,from landscape to microscopic scales,to help in forensic investigations,which were used as evidence in Australian State Supreme courts.A wide range of natural soil types(sandy coastal beaches,grey clayey wetlands,black muddy alluvium in river-beds,brown clayey and loamy soils in wooded areas)and humanmade soil types(comprising brick and road gravel fragments)across Australia were used in these forensic investigations to associate materials taken from questioned items,such as shoes,clothing,shovels or vehicles,with a specific control location or the crime scene.To illustrate the power of soil analysis in criminal investigations it is beneficial to share successful case examples to demonstrate the potential value of this somewhat under-utilized forensic tool.Here we will discuss how pedological and soil mineralogy expertise,especially in using soil maps and X-ray diffraction(XRD),has been used as a contributory part of each overall historical(cold)and recent criminal investigation.
