<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella asiatica </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(L.) is one of t...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella asiatica </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(L.) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants since preh</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">istoric times. The pharmaceutical importance of this herb is due to the accumulation of large quantities of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, collectively known as centelloids synthesized by the isoprenoid biosynthesis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> path</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">way. Biosynthesis of triterpenoid in the plants proceeds via either of the tw</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o pathways, viz. Mevalonate (MVA) pathway (in the cytosol) or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway (in plastid). In </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, the pathway leading to the accumulation of triterpenoid is still not known or elucidated. Thus, to know whether the MVA or MEP pathway or a cross-talk between the pathway leads to the biosynthesis of triterpenoid, silencing the key regulatory gene using RNAi tool, of each of the pathway and then analyze a metabolite is an efficient approach. The key regulatory enzyme of the MVA pathway </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. 3-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hydroxy</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-3-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">HMGR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) has already been successfully silenced using RNAi tool</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <a href="#ref1">[1]</a></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. In the present study, the 1-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">deoxy-D-xylulose</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-5-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">phosphate reductoisomerase</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DXR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) a key regulatory enzyme in MEP pathway is silenced. The RNAi-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DXR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> construct in pHANNIBAL vector was cloned into a binary vector pART27 and subsequently transformed into </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Agrobacterium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain AGL1. The transient analysis of the RNAi-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CaDXR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> using semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the silencing of the endogenous DXR gene in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nicotiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and further confirmed in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella asiatica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The present study is the first step aimed to delineate the MEP pathway using RNAi silencing approach to elucidate its role in the accumulation of triterpenoid in this important medicinal plant.展开更多
Localized amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid protein deposition restricted to one organ or tissue without systemic involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations of localized amyloidoma are unusual, which makes amy...Localized amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid protein deposition restricted to one organ or tissue without systemic involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations of localized amyloidoma are unusual, which makes amyloidoma restricted to the rectum a very rare diagnosis requiring a high index of suspicion. We present a rare account for rectal amyloidoma with an unusual presentation of obstructive symptoms and its treatment using a sophisticated surgical modality, transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM), which resulted in complete excision of the lesion without hospitalization and complications. The successful treatment for thisrectal amyloidoma using TEM emphasizes the need to broaden its application in the treatment of various rectal lesions while preserving organ function and decreasing recurrence.展开更多
The present study investigated the effect of garlic （Allium sativum Linn.） aqueous extracts on ischemic pre- conditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury, as well as adenosine involvement in ischemic...The present study investigated the effect of garlic （Allium sativum Linn.） aqueous extracts on ischemic pre- conditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury, as well as adenosine involvement in ischemic pre- conditioning and garlic extract induced cardioprotection. A model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established using Langendorff apparatus. Aqueous extract of garlic dose was standardized （0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.07%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0,01%）, and the 0.05% dose was found to be the most effective. Higher doses （more than 0.05%） were highly toxic, causing arrhythmia and cardiodepression, whereas the lower doses were ineffective. Garlic exaggerated the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning and garlic cardioprotection was significantly attenuated by theophylline （1,000 ~tmol/L） and 8-SPT （10 mg/kg, i.p.） and expressed by increased myocardial infarct size, increased LDH level, and reduced nitrite and adenosine levels. These findings suggest that adenosine is involved in the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of garlic induced cardioprotection and mediated by the modulation of nitric oxide.展开更多
Sensors and physical activity evaluation are quite limited for motionbased commercial devices.Sometimes the accelerometer of the smartwatch is utilized;walking is investigated.The combination can perform better in ter...Sensors and physical activity evaluation are quite limited for motionbased commercial devices.Sometimes the accelerometer of the smartwatch is utilized;walking is investigated.The combination can perform better in terms of sensors and that can be determined by sensors on both the smartwatch and phones,i.e.,accelerometer and gyroscope.For biometric efficiency,some of the diverse activities of daily routine have been evaluated,also with biometric authentication.The result shows that using the different computing techniques in phones and watch for biometric can provide a suitable output based on the mentioned activities.This indicates that the high feasibility and results of continuous biometrics analysis in terms of average daily routine activities.In this research,the set of rules with the real-valued attributes are evolved with the use of a genetic algorithm.With the help of real value genes,the real value attributes cab be encoded,and presentation of new methods which are represents not to cares in the rules.The rule sets which help in maximizing the number of accurate classifications of inputs and supervise classifications are viewed as an optimization problem.The use of Pitt approach to the ML(Machine Learning)and Genetic based system that includes a resolution mechanism among rules that are competing within the same rule sets is utilized.This enhances the efficiency of the overall system,as shown in the research.展开更多
In the present medicine world antibiotic resistance is one of the key threats to universal health coverage.Researchers continue to work hard to combat this global health concern.Phage therapy,an age-old practice durin...In the present medicine world antibiotic resistance is one of the key threats to universal health coverage.Researchers continue to work hard to combat this global health concern.Phage therapy,an age-old practice during the early twentieth century,was outshined by the discovery of antibiotics.With the advent of widespread antibiotic resistance,phage therapy has again redeemed itself as a potential alternative owing to its adeptness to target bacteria precisely.Limited side effects,the ability to migrate to different body organs,a distinct mode of action,and proliferation at the infection site,make phages a profitable candidate to replace conventional antibiotics.The progressive outcome of numerous in vitro studies and case reports has validated the clinical efficacy of phage therapy.The bright perspective of using phages to treat bacterial infections has fueled enormous medical research to exploit their potential as therapeutics.The gaps in the information about phages and the lack of consent for clinical trials is major hurdle for consideration of phage therapy.Crafting phage therapy as a reality in medicine requires a coordinated effort from different fraternities.With this review,we aim to emphasize the importance of phage therapy in modern medicine.This review explains their historical journey,basic phage biology,cross-talk with the host immunity,obstacles with phage therapy,and their possible remedies.Comprehensive data on the various significant clinical trials of phage therapy has been presented.We evaluated the efficacy of antibiotics and phage therapy in part and in combination,along with recent progress and future perspectives of phage therapy.展开更多
Low back pain(LBP)is a morbid condition that has afflicted several citizens in Europe.It has negatively impacted the European economy due to several man-days lost,with bed rest and forced inactivity being the usual LB...Low back pain(LBP)is a morbid condition that has afflicted several citizens in Europe.It has negatively impacted the European economy due to several man-days lost,with bed rest and forced inactivity being the usual LBP care and management steps.Direct models,which incorporate various regression analyses,have been executed for the investigation of this premise due to the simplicity of translation.However,such straight models fail to completely consider the impact of association brought about by a mix of nonlinear connections and autonomous factors.In this paper,we discuss a system that aids decision-making regarding the best-suited support system for LBP,allowing the individual to avail of reinforcement and improvement in its self-management.These activities are monitored with the help of a wearable sensor that helps in their detection and their classification as those that soothe or aggravate LBP and hence,should or should not be performed.This system helps the patients set their own boundaries and milestones with respect to suitable activities.This system also does windowing and feature extraction.The present study is an empirical and comparative analysis of the most suitable activities that patients suffering from low back pain can select.The evaluation shows that the system can distinguish between nine common daily activities effectively and helps self-monitor these activities for the efficient management of LBP.展开更多
This study uses the data from the National Family Health Survey round-2. Using hierarchical linear models the role of community level variables in predicting neonatal deaths at individual level is analyzed. SAS sub-ro...This study uses the data from the National Family Health Survey round-2. Using hierarchical linear models the role of community level variables in predicting neonatal deaths at individual level is analyzed. SAS sub-routine PROC GLIMMIX is used for hierarchical linear modeling. Findings re-enforce the importance of mother’s literacy and tetanus toxid vaccination during pregnancy in predicting neonatal deaths at individual level. At community level, though the magnitude of the presence of either a private doctor, or a visiting doctor, or a village guide, or a traditional health attendant, or the presence of mobile health van unit within community is in an expected direction, the effect is statistically not significant. In order to capture true impact of community level intervention of program success it is imperative that the large demographic surveys should incorporate more and more community level indicators while designing these surveys.展开更多
Female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh is amongst the lowest in India. Previous studies on female age at marriage in an Indian context primarily focused on the individual level factors impacting female age at marriag...Female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh is amongst the lowest in India. Previous studies on female age at marriage in an Indian context primarily focused on the individual level factors impacting female age at marriage. Community level factors that influence the female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh were non-existent. In this study, the impact of community presence of mass media is studied using Hierarchical Linear Models. Thus using the data from NFHS-2, the study explores the within community presence of any forms of print, electronic or local mass media and its impact on female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh. Total of 7175 currently married individual women were nested in 317 rural communities across Uttar Pradesh. Hierarchal linear modeling using SAS PROC MIXED was used in the study. The intra-class correlation of 0.13 indicates fair bit of clustering of female age at marriage within communities. Thirteen percent of the differences in female age at marriage are due to between community differences in Uttar Pradesh. Communities’ exposure to any forms of mass media has a positive impact on female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh.展开更多
Bacterial resistance,primarily stemming from misdiagnosis,misuse,and overuse of antibacterial medications in humans and animals,is a pressing issue.To address this,we focused on developing a fluorescent probe for the ...Bacterial resistance,primarily stemming from misdiagnosis,misuse,and overuse of antibacterial medications in humans and animals,is a pressing issue.To address this,we focused on developing a fluorescent probe for the detection of bacteria,with a unique feature--an exceptionally long fluorescence lifetime,to overcome autofluorescence limitations in biological samples.The polymyxin-based probe(ADOTA-PMX)selectively targets Gram-negative bacteria and used the red-emitting fluorophore azadioxatriangulenium(with a reported fluorescence lifetime of 19.5 ns).Evaluation of ADOTA-PMX’s bacterial labeling efficacy revealed strong specificity for Gram-negative bacteria,and full spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy demonstrated the potential of ADOTA-PMX for bacterial imaging applications.The probe exhibited a lifetime of 4.5 ns when bound to bacteria,possibly indicating interactions with the bacterial outer membrane.Furthermore,the fluorescence lifetime measurements of ADOTA-PMX labeled bacteria could be performed using a benchtop fluorimeter without the need of sophisticated microscopes.This study represents the first targeted probe for fluorescence lifetime imaging,offering sensitivity for detecting Gram-negative bacteria and enabling multiplexing via fluorescence lifetime imaging.展开更多
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella asiatica </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(L.) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants since preh</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">istoric times. The pharmaceutical importance of this herb is due to the accumulation of large quantities of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, collectively known as centelloids synthesized by the isoprenoid biosynthesis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> path</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">way. Biosynthesis of triterpenoid in the plants proceeds via either of the tw</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o pathways, viz. Mevalonate (MVA) pathway (in the cytosol) or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway (in plastid). In </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, the pathway leading to the accumulation of triterpenoid is still not known or elucidated. Thus, to know whether the MVA or MEP pathway or a cross-talk between the pathway leads to the biosynthesis of triterpenoid, silencing the key regulatory gene using RNAi tool, of each of the pathway and then analyze a metabolite is an efficient approach. The key regulatory enzyme of the MVA pathway </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. 3-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hydroxy</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-3-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">HMGR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) has already been successfully silenced using RNAi tool</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <a href="#ref1">[1]</a></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. In the present study, the 1-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">deoxy-D-xylulose</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-5-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">phosphate reductoisomerase</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DXR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) a key regulatory enzyme in MEP pathway is silenced. The RNAi-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DXR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> construct in pHANNIBAL vector was cloned into a binary vector pART27 and subsequently transformed into </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Agrobacterium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain AGL1. The transient analysis of the RNAi-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CaDXR</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> using semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the silencing of the endogenous DXR gene in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nicotiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and further confirmed in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Centella asiatica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The present study is the first step aimed to delineate the MEP pathway using RNAi silencing approach to elucidate its role in the accumulation of triterpenoid in this important medicinal plant.
文摘Localized amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid protein deposition restricted to one organ or tissue without systemic involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations of localized amyloidoma are unusual, which makes amyloidoma restricted to the rectum a very rare diagnosis requiring a high index of suspicion. We present a rare account for rectal amyloidoma with an unusual presentation of obstructive symptoms and its treatment using a sophisticated surgical modality, transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM), which resulted in complete excision of the lesion without hospitalization and complications. The successful treatment for thisrectal amyloidoma using TEM emphasizes the need to broaden its application in the treatment of various rectal lesions while preserving organ function and decreasing recurrence.
文摘The present study investigated the effect of garlic （Allium sativum Linn.） aqueous extracts on ischemic pre- conditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury, as well as adenosine involvement in ischemic pre- conditioning and garlic extract induced cardioprotection. A model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established using Langendorff apparatus. Aqueous extract of garlic dose was standardized （0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.07%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0,01%）, and the 0.05% dose was found to be the most effective. Higher doses （more than 0.05%） were highly toxic, causing arrhythmia and cardiodepression, whereas the lower doses were ineffective. Garlic exaggerated the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning and garlic cardioprotection was significantly attenuated by theophylline （1,000 ~tmol/L） and 8-SPT （10 mg/kg, i.p.） and expressed by increased myocardial infarct size, increased LDH level, and reduced nitrite and adenosine levels. These findings suggest that adenosine is involved in the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of garlic induced cardioprotection and mediated by the modulation of nitric oxide.
基金Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number No.RGP-2019-26.
文摘Sensors and physical activity evaluation are quite limited for motionbased commercial devices.Sometimes the accelerometer of the smartwatch is utilized;walking is investigated.The combination can perform better in terms of sensors and that can be determined by sensors on both the smartwatch and phones,i.e.,accelerometer and gyroscope.For biometric efficiency,some of the diverse activities of daily routine have been evaluated,also with biometric authentication.The result shows that using the different computing techniques in phones and watch for biometric can provide a suitable output based on the mentioned activities.This indicates that the high feasibility and results of continuous biometrics analysis in terms of average daily routine activities.In this research,the set of rules with the real-valued attributes are evolved with the use of a genetic algorithm.With the help of real value genes,the real value attributes cab be encoded,and presentation of new methods which are represents not to cares in the rules.The rule sets which help in maximizing the number of accurate classifications of inputs and supervise classifications are viewed as an optimization problem.The use of Pitt approach to the ML(Machine Learning)and Genetic based system that includes a resolution mechanism among rules that are competing within the same rule sets is utilized.This enhances the efficiency of the overall system,as shown in the research.
文摘In the present medicine world antibiotic resistance is one of the key threats to universal health coverage.Researchers continue to work hard to combat this global health concern.Phage therapy,an age-old practice during the early twentieth century,was outshined by the discovery of antibiotics.With the advent of widespread antibiotic resistance,phage therapy has again redeemed itself as a potential alternative owing to its adeptness to target bacteria precisely.Limited side effects,the ability to migrate to different body organs,a distinct mode of action,and proliferation at the infection site,make phages a profitable candidate to replace conventional antibiotics.The progressive outcome of numerous in vitro studies and case reports has validated the clinical efficacy of phage therapy.The bright perspective of using phages to treat bacterial infections has fueled enormous medical research to exploit their potential as therapeutics.The gaps in the information about phages and the lack of consent for clinical trials is major hurdle for consideration of phage therapy.Crafting phage therapy as a reality in medicine requires a coordinated effort from different fraternities.With this review,we aim to emphasize the importance of phage therapy in modern medicine.This review explains their historical journey,basic phage biology,cross-talk with the host immunity,obstacles with phage therapy,and their possible remedies.Comprehensive data on the various significant clinical trials of phage therapy has been presented.We evaluated the efficacy of antibiotics and phage therapy in part and in combination,along with recent progress and future perspectives of phage therapy.
基金the Deanship of Scientific research atMajmaah University for funding this work under project No.RGP-2019-26.
文摘Low back pain(LBP)is a morbid condition that has afflicted several citizens in Europe.It has negatively impacted the European economy due to several man-days lost,with bed rest and forced inactivity being the usual LBP care and management steps.Direct models,which incorporate various regression analyses,have been executed for the investigation of this premise due to the simplicity of translation.However,such straight models fail to completely consider the impact of association brought about by a mix of nonlinear connections and autonomous factors.In this paper,we discuss a system that aids decision-making regarding the best-suited support system for LBP,allowing the individual to avail of reinforcement and improvement in its self-management.These activities are monitored with the help of a wearable sensor that helps in their detection and their classification as those that soothe or aggravate LBP and hence,should or should not be performed.This system helps the patients set their own boundaries and milestones with respect to suitable activities.This system also does windowing and feature extraction.The present study is an empirical and comparative analysis of the most suitable activities that patients suffering from low back pain can select.The evaluation shows that the system can distinguish between nine common daily activities effectively and helps self-monitor these activities for the efficient management of LBP.
文摘This study uses the data from the National Family Health Survey round-2. Using hierarchical linear models the role of community level variables in predicting neonatal deaths at individual level is analyzed. SAS sub-routine PROC GLIMMIX is used for hierarchical linear modeling. Findings re-enforce the importance of mother’s literacy and tetanus toxid vaccination during pregnancy in predicting neonatal deaths at individual level. At community level, though the magnitude of the presence of either a private doctor, or a visiting doctor, or a village guide, or a traditional health attendant, or the presence of mobile health van unit within community is in an expected direction, the effect is statistically not significant. In order to capture true impact of community level intervention of program success it is imperative that the large demographic surveys should incorporate more and more community level indicators while designing these surveys.
文摘Female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh is amongst the lowest in India. Previous studies on female age at marriage in an Indian context primarily focused on the individual level factors impacting female age at marriage. Community level factors that influence the female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh were non-existent. In this study, the impact of community presence of mass media is studied using Hierarchical Linear Models. Thus using the data from NFHS-2, the study explores the within community presence of any forms of print, electronic or local mass media and its impact on female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh. Total of 7175 currently married individual women were nested in 317 rural communities across Uttar Pradesh. Hierarchal linear modeling using SAS PROC MIXED was used in the study. The intra-class correlation of 0.13 indicates fair bit of clustering of female age at marriage within communities. Thirteen percent of the differences in female age at marriage are due to between community differences in Uttar Pradesh. Communities’ exposure to any forms of mass media has a positive impact on female age at marriage in Uttar Pradesh.
基金funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,United Kingdom)Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration,Grant Nos.EP/K03197X/1 and EP/R005257/1funded by a Royal Society,Grant No.RGS\R1\201163+1 种基金funded via the BBSRC EastBIO doctoral training program,grant BB/M010996/1funded by a Newton-Bhabha International Fellowship from The Royal Society,UK and The Science and Engineering Research Board,India,Grant No.NIF/R1/192688.
文摘Bacterial resistance,primarily stemming from misdiagnosis,misuse,and overuse of antibacterial medications in humans and animals,is a pressing issue.To address this,we focused on developing a fluorescent probe for the detection of bacteria,with a unique feature--an exceptionally long fluorescence lifetime,to overcome autofluorescence limitations in biological samples.The polymyxin-based probe(ADOTA-PMX)selectively targets Gram-negative bacteria and used the red-emitting fluorophore azadioxatriangulenium(with a reported fluorescence lifetime of 19.5 ns).Evaluation of ADOTA-PMX’s bacterial labeling efficacy revealed strong specificity for Gram-negative bacteria,and full spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy demonstrated the potential of ADOTA-PMX for bacterial imaging applications.The probe exhibited a lifetime of 4.5 ns when bound to bacteria,possibly indicating interactions with the bacterial outer membrane.Furthermore,the fluorescence lifetime measurements of ADOTA-PMX labeled bacteria could be performed using a benchtop fluorimeter without the need of sophisticated microscopes.This study represents the first targeted probe for fluorescence lifetime imaging,offering sensitivity for detecting Gram-negative bacteria and enabling multiplexing via fluorescence lifetime imaging.
