Phyllostachys praecox is a bamboo species cultivated for edible shoots under intensive management.However,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in bamboo soils is not clear under the intensive management for a ...Phyllostachys praecox is a bamboo species cultivated for edible shoots under intensive management.However,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in bamboo soils is not clear under the intensive management for a long term.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation time on soil heavy metal accumulation and bioavailability in bamboo stands subjected to intensive management.Soil samples were collected from a chronosequence of bamboo stands which had been cultivated for 0,1,2,4,8,and 10 years in Lin’an,Zhejiang Province of China.Eight heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,and Hg)present in the soil were selected,and their potential pollution risk was evaluated by chemical speciation analysis.Possible heavy metal sources were explored using multivariate and cluster analysis.Our results showed that Zn,Cu,Hg,and Cd contents in the soil increased with the cultivation time,while Ni,Cr,Pb,and As levels were similar among all stands.Furthermore,the bioavailabilities of all analyzed heavy metals increased with the cultivation time.Multivariate and cluster analysis showed that sources of Ni,Cr,Pb,and As were likely lithogenic in origin,whereas input of Zn,Cu,Hg,and Cd was mainly due to cultivation practices.Current bamboo management strategies raised the potential risks of heavy metal pollution in bamboo shoots in the long term.Soil acidification in P.praecox stands induced by intensive cultivation should be controlled since it stimulated and improved the bioavailability of heavy metals.Appropriate management strategies should thus be adopted to ensure safe and sustainable production of bamboo shoots.展开更多
Plant species diversity is an important index reflecting the functional complexity and stability of ecosystems.Human activity can completely alter plant species diversity and cause serious degradation of ecosystems bu...Plant species diversity is an important index reflecting the functional complexity and stability of ecosystems.Human activity can completely alter plant species diversity and cause serious degradation of ecosystems but its impact on bamboo forest still lacks of systematic evaluation.In this study,we performed a field investigation to reveal the influences of human disturbances on the plant diversity and stability of Moso bamboo forests at Southern China.The selected bamboo fields contained different intensities of human activities that could be classified as slight,moderate and severe disturbance level.Species richness index S,Shannon-Wienner index H,Simpson index D,Pielou index Jsw,community similarity index IS and community stability index were employed to quantitatively evaluate the plant species diversity and stability.The survey revealed that there were 203 species belonging to 83 families and 108 genera in Moso bamboo forests.The number of plant species in the Moso bamboo forests decreased with the increasing of disturbance intensity.The species diversity indexes generally followed the order of slight>moderate>severe disturbance,as well as the richness index S,Shannon-Wienner index H and Pielou index Jsw.The similarity and species stability of the bamboo forest communities also decreased with the increase of the disturbance intensity.Under the severe disturbance,plant species replacement occurred strongly.The obtained results provide some a guideline for the sustainable management of bamboo forest.展开更多
Slow release fertilizers are designed to enhance crop yield and minimizing the loss of nitrogen(N)to environment.However,N release in leaching and loss in ammonia emission from bag controlled release fertilizers have ...Slow release fertilizers are designed to enhance crop yield and minimizing the loss of nitrogen(N)to environment.However,N release in leaching and loss in ammonia emission from bag controlled release fertilizers have not been previously evaluated under the standardized conditions in soil.Accordingly,a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of N release from a bag controlled fertilizer with 1,3,5 and 7 rows of hole(B-1,B-3,B-5,B-7)and a kraft bag without hole(B-W).The results showed that the amount of N leaching of B-1,B-3,B-5,B-7 and B-W were significantly lower than urea fertilizer without bag(U).The maximum N release from the fertilizers followed the order:U(83.16%)>B-7(54.61%)>B-5(54.02%)>B-W(51.51%)>B-3(48.87%)>B-1(38.60%)during the experimentation.Compared with U treatment,ammonia volatilization losses were significantly decreased by B-1,B-3,B-5,B-7 and B-W treatments.Based on N release and loss,a suitable bag with holes should be considered in practice when using the bag controlled fertilizer to meet an environment good objective.The evaluation method merits further study combined with field experiment.展开更多
Young moso bamboo shoots are a popular seasonal food and an important source of income for farmers,with value for cultivation estimated at$30,000 per hectare.Bamboo also has great environmental importance and its uniq...Young moso bamboo shoots are a popular seasonal food and an important source of income for farmers,with value for cultivation estimated at$30,000 per hectare.Bamboo also has great environmental importance and its unique physiology is of scientific interest.A rare and valuable phenomenon has recently appeared where a large number of adjacent buds within a single moso bamboo rhizome have grown into shoots.Although of practical importance for the production of edible shoots,such occurrences have not been scientifically studied,due to their rarity.Analysis of collected reports from enhanced shoot production events in China showed no evidence that enhanced shoot development was heritable.We report the analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome from a rhizome with 18 shoots,compared to rhizomes having one or no shoots as controls.The community of prokaryotes,but not fungi,correlated with the shoot number.Burkholderia was the most abundant genus,which was negatively correlated with rhizome shoot number,while Clostridia and Ktedonobacteria were positively correlated.Two Burkholderia strains were isolated and their plant-growth promoting activity was tested.The isolated Burkholderia strains attenuated the growth of bamboo seedlings.These data provide the first study on excessive shoot development in bamboo,which will facilitate hypothesis building for future studies.展开更多
Occlusion of carbon(C) within phytoliths(Phyt OC) is becoming one of the most promising terrestrial C sequestration mechanisms. This study explored the production of Phyt OC within 35 bamboo species belonging to three...Occlusion of carbon(C) within phytoliths(Phyt OC) is becoming one of the most promising terrestrial C sequestration mechanisms. This study explored the production of Phyt OC within 35 bamboo species belonging to three ecotypes using methods of microwave digestion. The aim of this study is to explore the present and potential C sequestration rate within phytoliths of bamboo species from three ecotypes. Phyt OC content in bamboos of three ecotypes ranges from 0.07 % to 0.42 %. The mean Phyt OC production flux decreases as: clustered bamboo(0.050 ±0.016 t CO2ha-1a-1) & mixed bamboo(0.049 ± 0.016 t CO2ha-1a-1) [ scattered bamboo(0.038 ± 0.020 t CO2ha-1a-1). The phytolith carbon sequestration in Chinese bamboo is estimated to be 0.293 ± 0.127 Tg(1 Tg =1012g) CO2a-1; approximately 75 %, 3 %, and 22 % of which is contributed from scattered, mixed and clustered bamboo, respectively. Taking the Phyt OC production flux of 0.18 ± 0.12 t CO2ha-1a-1and current annual area increasing rate of 3 %, global bamboo phytoliths wouldsequester 11.9 ± 7.9 Tg CO2a-1by 2050. Consequently,bamboo forests have significant potential to mitigate the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 by maximizing Phyt OC production flux and expanding bamboos.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016FYE0112700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41671296)the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2017C02016)
文摘Phyllostachys praecox is a bamboo species cultivated for edible shoots under intensive management.However,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in bamboo soils is not clear under the intensive management for a long term.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation time on soil heavy metal accumulation and bioavailability in bamboo stands subjected to intensive management.Soil samples were collected from a chronosequence of bamboo stands which had been cultivated for 0,1,2,4,8,and 10 years in Lin’an,Zhejiang Province of China.Eight heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,and Hg)present in the soil were selected,and their potential pollution risk was evaluated by chemical speciation analysis.Possible heavy metal sources were explored using multivariate and cluster analysis.Our results showed that Zn,Cu,Hg,and Cd contents in the soil increased with the cultivation time,while Ni,Cr,Pb,and As levels were similar among all stands.Furthermore,the bioavailabilities of all analyzed heavy metals increased with the cultivation time.Multivariate and cluster analysis showed that sources of Ni,Cr,Pb,and As were likely lithogenic in origin,whereas input of Zn,Cu,Hg,and Cd was mainly due to cultivation practices.Current bamboo management strategies raised the potential risks of heavy metal pollution in bamboo shoots in the long term.Soil acidification in P.praecox stands induced by intensive cultivation should be controlled since it stimulated and improved the bioavailability of heavy metals.Appropriate management strategies should thus be adopted to ensure safe and sustainable production of bamboo shoots.
基金The present work was financially supported by National Key R&D Program(2018YFD0600104)Scientific Program of Zhejiang Province of China(2017C02016).
文摘Plant species diversity is an important index reflecting the functional complexity and stability of ecosystems.Human activity can completely alter plant species diversity and cause serious degradation of ecosystems but its impact on bamboo forest still lacks of systematic evaluation.In this study,we performed a field investigation to reveal the influences of human disturbances on the plant diversity and stability of Moso bamboo forests at Southern China.The selected bamboo fields contained different intensities of human activities that could be classified as slight,moderate and severe disturbance level.Species richness index S,Shannon-Wienner index H,Simpson index D,Pielou index Jsw,community similarity index IS and community stability index were employed to quantitatively evaluate the plant species diversity and stability.The survey revealed that there were 203 species belonging to 83 families and 108 genera in Moso bamboo forests.The number of plant species in the Moso bamboo forests decreased with the increasing of disturbance intensity.The species diversity indexes generally followed the order of slight>moderate>severe disturbance,as well as the richness index S,Shannon-Wienner index H and Pielou index Jsw.The similarity and species stability of the bamboo forest communities also decreased with the increase of the disturbance intensity.Under the severe disturbance,plant species replacement occurred strongly.The obtained results provide some a guideline for the sustainable management of bamboo forest.
基金The present work was financially supported by National Key R&D Program(2018YFD0600104)Scientific Program of Zhejiang Province of China(2017C02016).
文摘Slow release fertilizers are designed to enhance crop yield and minimizing the loss of nitrogen(N)to environment.However,N release in leaching and loss in ammonia emission from bag controlled release fertilizers have not been previously evaluated under the standardized conditions in soil.Accordingly,a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of N release from a bag controlled fertilizer with 1,3,5 and 7 rows of hole(B-1,B-3,B-5,B-7)and a kraft bag without hole(B-W).The results showed that the amount of N leaching of B-1,B-3,B-5,B-7 and B-W were significantly lower than urea fertilizer without bag(U).The maximum N release from the fertilizers followed the order:U(83.16%)>B-7(54.61%)>B-5(54.02%)>B-W(51.51%)>B-3(48.87%)>B-1(38.60%)during the experimentation.Compared with U treatment,ammonia volatilization losses were significantly decreased by B-1,B-3,B-5,B-7 and B-W treatments.Based on N release and loss,a suitable bag with holes should be considered in practice when using the bag controlled fertilizer to meet an environment good objective.The evaluation method merits further study combined with field experiment.
基金supported by the Qianjiang Talent D program to FCthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31700224+4 种基金3187123331770543)the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(grant no.2016C02056-1)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(grant no.IRT_17R99 to SL)funded by the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Primary Producers 2014-2019(decisions#271832 and 307335).
文摘Young moso bamboo shoots are a popular seasonal food and an important source of income for farmers,with value for cultivation estimated at$30,000 per hectare.Bamboo also has great environmental importance and its unique physiology is of scientific interest.A rare and valuable phenomenon has recently appeared where a large number of adjacent buds within a single moso bamboo rhizome have grown into shoots.Although of practical importance for the production of edible shoots,such occurrences have not been scientifically studied,due to their rarity.Analysis of collected reports from enhanced shoot production events in China showed no evidence that enhanced shoot development was heritable.We report the analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome from a rhizome with 18 shoots,compared to rhizomes having one or no shoots as controls.The community of prokaryotes,but not fungi,correlated with the shoot number.Burkholderia was the most abundant genus,which was negatively correlated with rhizome shoot number,while Clostridia and Ktedonobacteria were positively correlated.Two Burkholderia strains were isolated and their plant-growth promoting activity was tested.The isolated Burkholderia strains attenuated the growth of bamboo seedlings.These data provide the first study on excessive shoot development in bamboo,which will facilitate hypothesis building for future studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41103042)the Field Frontier Project of Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2045200295)+2 种基金the Training Program for the Top Young Talents of Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University(2034070001)the Program for the Third Layer of 151 Talents Project of ZhejiangProvince(2035110003)the Program for the Distinguished Young and middle-aged Academic Leaders of Higher Education Institutions of Zhejiang Province(PD2013240)
文摘Occlusion of carbon(C) within phytoliths(Phyt OC) is becoming one of the most promising terrestrial C sequestration mechanisms. This study explored the production of Phyt OC within 35 bamboo species belonging to three ecotypes using methods of microwave digestion. The aim of this study is to explore the present and potential C sequestration rate within phytoliths of bamboo species from three ecotypes. Phyt OC content in bamboos of three ecotypes ranges from 0.07 % to 0.42 %. The mean Phyt OC production flux decreases as: clustered bamboo(0.050 ±0.016 t CO2ha-1a-1) & mixed bamboo(0.049 ± 0.016 t CO2ha-1a-1) [ scattered bamboo(0.038 ± 0.020 t CO2ha-1a-1). The phytolith carbon sequestration in Chinese bamboo is estimated to be 0.293 ± 0.127 Tg(1 Tg =1012g) CO2a-1; approximately 75 %, 3 %, and 22 % of which is contributed from scattered, mixed and clustered bamboo, respectively. Taking the Phyt OC production flux of 0.18 ± 0.12 t CO2ha-1a-1and current annual area increasing rate of 3 %, global bamboo phytoliths wouldsequester 11.9 ± 7.9 Tg CO2a-1by 2050. Consequently,bamboo forests have significant potential to mitigate the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 by maximizing Phyt OC production flux and expanding bamboos.
