Microtexture analyes on quartz from coastal sediments of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Coast reveal 35 and 30 types of microtextures,respectively,which were grouped into mechanical,mechanical/chemical and...Microtexture analyes on quartz from coastal sediments of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Coast reveal 35 and 30 types of microtextures,respectively,which were grouped into mechanical,mechanical/chemical and chemical categories based on their mode of origin.Microtextures of chemical origin are rarer in the El Carrizal than in the Manzanillo beach sediments of the Mexican Pacific Coast.Microtextures of mechanical origin like straight and curved scratches,pits,broken edges,and V-shaped marks indicate high energy,fluvial to marine depositional environments.The scarcity to absence of chemical features suggest that the energy level was higher at the Mexican Pacific coast than on the Gulf of Mexico coast.V-shaped marks are common in the Gulf of Mexico sediments,whereas they are abundant in the quartz grains from the Mexican Pacific coast.Increased frequency and density of V-shaped marks are produced by exceedingly high wave velocity during storm events or tsunamis.Abundance of V-shaped marks with fresh surfaces of quartz grains from the Mexican Pacific coast indicate an extremely high-energy impact event.Many quartz grains from the El Carrizal beach of the Mexican Pacific coast have abundant closely spaced Vshaped marks with fewer fresh surfaces.Such high frequency of V-shaped marks is mainly linked to grain-tograin collision,typically associated with high-energy sub-aqueous conditions with a large volume of sedimentary particles in the water column that are produced during a tsunami or storm events.In contrast,many quartz grains from the Gulf of Mexico have large fresh surfaces with moderate percentages of V-shaped marks that might have been produced by high-energy waves with low sediment concentrations during storm events.展开更多
Objective:To assess the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of the coastal trees Aegle marmelos(A.marmelos)and Ficus benghalensis(F.benghalensis)by in-vitro methods.Methods:A.marmelos and F.benghalensis leav...Objective:To assess the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of the coastal trees Aegle marmelos(A.marmelos)and Ficus benghalensis(F.benghalensis)by in-vitro methods.Methods:A.marmelos and F.benghalensis leaves were extracted with the solvents di-ethyl ether,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and immunomodulatory activity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC),respectively.Results:F.benghalensis ethanol cold extract gave maximum inhibition zones against Escherichia coli NCIM 2931(B2)at 18 mm and enhanced the growth of human PBMC.It was non-toxic to human PBMC shown by the Tryphan blue dye exclusion method,sulforhodamine B and MTT assays.IR phyto-chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of the functional groups:NH,CH_(2),CH_(3),CO,OH,-C-C=O,and C-S.We confirmed the presence of quantifiable amounts of tannins and alkaloids with traces of phenolic compounds by thin layer chromatography analysis.Conclusions:Leaves of A.marmelos and F.benghalensis provide both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.展开更多
基金supported by the Instituto de Geologia,Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM),Mexico,through sabbatical project.
文摘Microtexture analyes on quartz from coastal sediments of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Coast reveal 35 and 30 types of microtextures,respectively,which were grouped into mechanical,mechanical/chemical and chemical categories based on their mode of origin.Microtextures of chemical origin are rarer in the El Carrizal than in the Manzanillo beach sediments of the Mexican Pacific Coast.Microtextures of mechanical origin like straight and curved scratches,pits,broken edges,and V-shaped marks indicate high energy,fluvial to marine depositional environments.The scarcity to absence of chemical features suggest that the energy level was higher at the Mexican Pacific coast than on the Gulf of Mexico coast.V-shaped marks are common in the Gulf of Mexico sediments,whereas they are abundant in the quartz grains from the Mexican Pacific coast.Increased frequency and density of V-shaped marks are produced by exceedingly high wave velocity during storm events or tsunamis.Abundance of V-shaped marks with fresh surfaces of quartz grains from the Mexican Pacific coast indicate an extremely high-energy impact event.Many quartz grains from the El Carrizal beach of the Mexican Pacific coast have abundant closely spaced Vshaped marks with fewer fresh surfaces.Such high frequency of V-shaped marks is mainly linked to grain-tograin collision,typically associated with high-energy sub-aqueous conditions with a large volume of sedimentary particles in the water column that are produced during a tsunami or storm events.In contrast,many quartz grains from the Gulf of Mexico have large fresh surfaces with moderate percentages of V-shaped marks that might have been produced by high-energy waves with low sediment concentrations during storm events.
基金Supported by the University Grants Commission for providing financial support as UGC-Dr.D.S.Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellowship[Ref:No.F.4-2/2006(BSR)/BL/14-15/0226].
文摘Objective:To assess the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of the coastal trees Aegle marmelos(A.marmelos)and Ficus benghalensis(F.benghalensis)by in-vitro methods.Methods:A.marmelos and F.benghalensis leaves were extracted with the solvents di-ethyl ether,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and immunomodulatory activity against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC),respectively.Results:F.benghalensis ethanol cold extract gave maximum inhibition zones against Escherichia coli NCIM 2931(B2)at 18 mm and enhanced the growth of human PBMC.It was non-toxic to human PBMC shown by the Tryphan blue dye exclusion method,sulforhodamine B and MTT assays.IR phyto-chemical analysis demonstrated the presence of the functional groups:NH,CH_(2),CH_(3),CO,OH,-C-C=O,and C-S.We confirmed the presence of quantifiable amounts of tannins and alkaloids with traces of phenolic compounds by thin layer chromatography analysis.Conclusions:Leaves of A.marmelos and F.benghalensis provide both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.
