Wheat is one of the most fundamental cereal crops.The impact of lipophilic extracts(200 mg/kg/day)from six growth stages on Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed in an obesity induced rat model through evaluation of key...Wheat is one of the most fundamental cereal crops.The impact of lipophilic extracts(200 mg/kg/day)from six growth stages on Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed in an obesity induced rat model through evaluation of key biomarkers,including Wnt 3a,CCAAT/enhancer Binding Protein-α,and fatty acid synthase via RT-qPCR,as well asβ-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3βthrough western blotting.In addition,the inflammation marker;leukotriene B4 was measured using ELISA,alongside evaluation of liver and lipid profiles.Metabolomic profiling of extracts was conducted using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,which led to annotation of 122 compounds.Unsupervised analysis by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis,revealed three distinct clusters:one cluster comprising germ,bran,and grain;another containing the aerial parts from stages 1 and 3;and the final cluster representing the aerial part from stage 2.Phytochemicals were correlated withβ-catenin activation,a key component of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,through supervised analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis,leading to VIPs annotation.All treatment groups exhibited a significant difference in biomarkers compared to high fat diet control group suggesting the anti-obesity potential of all of them.Wheat germ and bran were the most effective.This study is the first to report how lipophilic extracts from different wheat growth stages activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,while also provides metabolomic signature of these extracts.展开更多
文摘Wheat is one of the most fundamental cereal crops.The impact of lipophilic extracts(200 mg/kg/day)from six growth stages on Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed in an obesity induced rat model through evaluation of key biomarkers,including Wnt 3a,CCAAT/enhancer Binding Protein-α,and fatty acid synthase via RT-qPCR,as well asβ-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3βthrough western blotting.In addition,the inflammation marker;leukotriene B4 was measured using ELISA,alongside evaluation of liver and lipid profiles.Metabolomic profiling of extracts was conducted using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,which led to annotation of 122 compounds.Unsupervised analysis by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis,revealed three distinct clusters:one cluster comprising germ,bran,and grain;another containing the aerial parts from stages 1 and 3;and the final cluster representing the aerial part from stage 2.Phytochemicals were correlated withβ-catenin activation,a key component of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,through supervised analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis,leading to VIPs annotation.All treatment groups exhibited a significant difference in biomarkers compared to high fat diet control group suggesting the anti-obesity potential of all of them.Wheat germ and bran were the most effective.This study is the first to report how lipophilic extracts from different wheat growth stages activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,while also provides metabolomic signature of these extracts.
