This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor(MuGFET)process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices....This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor(MuGFET)process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices.Owing to the 3D wrapped gate structure,MuGFETs can suppress the SCEs and improve the ON-current performance due to the volume inversion of the channel region.As the Si CMOS technology pioneers to sub-10 nm nodes,the process challenges in terms of lithography capability,process integration controversies,performance variability etc.were also discussed in this work.Due to the severe self-heating effect in the MuGFETs,the ballistic transport and reliability characteristics were investigated.Future alternatives for the current Si MuGFET technology were discussed at the end of the paper.More work needs to be done to realize novel high mobility channel MuGFETs with better performance and reliability.展开更多
Ge complementary tunneling field-effect transistors（TFETs） are fabricated with the NiGe metal source/drain（S/D） structure. The dopant segregation method is employed to form the NiGe/Ge tunneling junctions of suffi...Ge complementary tunneling field-effect transistors（TFETs） are fabricated with the NiGe metal source/drain（S/D） structure. The dopant segregation method is employed to form the NiGe/Ge tunneling junctions of sufficiently high Schottky barrier heights. As a result, the Ge p-and n-TFETs exhibit decent electrical properties of large ON-state current and steep sub-threshold slope（S factor）. Especially, I_d of 0.2 μA/μm is revealed at V_g-V_（th） = V_d = ±0.5 V for Ge pTFETs,with the S factor of 28 mV/dec at 7 K.展开更多
Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-hea...Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-heating effect becomes prominent in ultra-scaled MOSFETs.The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a thin silicon film is lacking due to the difficulty in sensing high thermal conductivity in the vertical direction.In this paper, a feasible method that utilizes an ultra-fast electrical pulse within 20 μs combined with the hot strip technique is adopted.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how to extract the cross-plane thermal conductivity of sub-50 nm(30 nm, 17 nm, and 10 nm)silicon films on buried oxide.The ratio of the extracted cross-plane thermal conductivity of the silicon films over the bulk value is only about 6.9%, 4.3%, and 3.8% at 300 K, respectively.As the thickness of the films is smaller than the phonon mean free path, the classical heat transport theory fails to predict the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors.Thus, in this study, a ballistic model, derived from the heat transport equation based on extended-irreversible-hydrodynamics(EIT), is used for further investigation, and the simulation results exhibit good consistence with the experimental data.The extracted effective thermal data could provide a good reference for precise device simulations and thermoelectric applications.展开更多
We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks(FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a n...We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks(FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a new quantized feedback controller, which can make all nodes of complex networks quasi-synchronization and eliminate the disturbance of random coupling in the system state, is designed under non-delay conditions. Secondly, we extend the theoretical results under non-delay conditions to time-varying delay conditions and design another form of quantization feedback controller to ensure that the network achieves quasi-synchronization. Furthermore, the error bound of quasi-synchronization is obtained.Finally, we verify the accuracy of our results using two numerical simulation examples.展开更多
Nutrigenomics is an emerging research field to investigate the interactions between food components and genes and elucidate their impacts on health and diseases.Exercise,another critical factor influencing human healt...Nutrigenomics is an emerging research field to investigate the interactions between food components and genes and elucidate their impacts on health and diseases.Exercise,another critical factor influencing human health,is intricately linked with nutrition and genetics,and is influenced by a combination of genetic background,lifestyle choice,and environmental factors.The high-throughput sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools have offered researchers to delve deeper into how individual genetic expression responses to exercise and how dietary interventions can enhance exercise performance and recovery through the gene expression changes and modifications.Among these mechanisms,gene expression emerges as the primary focus,highlighting its role in linking nutrients and exercise to metabolic pathways,muscle synthesis,and inflammation.While epigenetic modifications are briefly considered,the emphasis remains on how direct and indirect influences on gene expression drive physiological adaptations.Herein,the article reviews recent advancements in nutrigenomics within the context of exercise science,exploring gene-regulating mechanisms affected by specific nutrients and dietary patterns on exercise capacity,muscle synthesis,and damage repair.It also outlines the potential applications of personalized nutrition plans in athletic training and general fitness.In addition,this article addresses current challenges and potential issues in the practical implementation of nutrigenomics in exercise-induced health promotion.Future studies should emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration to unravel the intricate gene-nutrition-exercise interaction networks,thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation and technological support for the advancement of precision exercise nutrition.展开更多
Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper,a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learnin...Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper,a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning.A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE)and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN),are conducted as generative models.They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inverse design that matches specified features,such as locations of suction peak,shock and aft loading.Qualitative and quantitative results show that both adopted generative models can generate diverse and realistic wall Mach number distributions satisfying the given features.The CVAE-GAN model outperforms the CVAE model and achieves better reconstruction accuracies for all the samples in the dataset.Furthermore,a deep neural network for nonlinear mapping is adopted to obtain the airfoil shape corresponding to the target wall Mach number distribution.The performances of the designed deep neural network are fully demonstrated and a smoothness measurement is proposed to quantify small oscillations in the airfoil surface,proving the authenticity and accuracy of the generated airfoil shapes.展开更多
Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β trigg...Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LR18F040001,LY19F040001the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor(MuGFET)process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices.Owing to the 3D wrapped gate structure,MuGFETs can suppress the SCEs and improve the ON-current performance due to the volume inversion of the channel region.As the Si CMOS technology pioneers to sub-10 nm nodes,the process challenges in terms of lithography capability,process integration controversies,performance variability etc.were also discussed in this work.Due to the severe self-heating effect in the MuGFETs,the ballistic transport and reliability characteristics were investigated.Future alternatives for the current Si MuGFET technology were discussed at the end of the paper.More work needs to be done to realize novel high mobility channel MuGFETs with better performance and reliability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61504120the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No LR18F040001the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Ge complementary tunneling field-effect transistors（TFETs） are fabricated with the NiGe metal source/drain（S/D） structure. The dopant segregation method is employed to form the NiGe/Ge tunneling junctions of sufficiently high Schottky barrier heights. As a result, the Ge p-and n-TFETs exhibit decent electrical properties of large ON-state current and steep sub-threshold slope（S factor）. Especially, I_d of 0.2 μA/μm is revealed at V_g-V_（th） = V_d = ±0.5 V for Ge pTFETs,with the S factor of 28 mV/dec at 7 K.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZ19F040001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61473287)the NSFC–Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrialization Informatization,China(Grant No.U1609213)
文摘Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-heating effect becomes prominent in ultra-scaled MOSFETs.The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a thin silicon film is lacking due to the difficulty in sensing high thermal conductivity in the vertical direction.In this paper, a feasible method that utilizes an ultra-fast electrical pulse within 20 μs combined with the hot strip technique is adopted.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how to extract the cross-plane thermal conductivity of sub-50 nm(30 nm, 17 nm, and 10 nm)silicon films on buried oxide.The ratio of the extracted cross-plane thermal conductivity of the silicon films over the bulk value is only about 6.9%, 4.3%, and 3.8% at 300 K, respectively.As the thickness of the films is smaller than the phonon mean free path, the classical heat transport theory fails to predict the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors.Thus, in this study, a ballistic model, derived from the heat transport equation based on extended-irreversible-hydrodynamics(EIT), is used for further investigation, and the simulation results exhibit good consistence with the experimental data.The extracted effective thermal data could provide a good reference for precise device simulations and thermoelectric applications.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Development and Reform Commission New Energy Vehicles and Intelligent Connected Automobile Industry Technology Innovation Project。
文摘We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks(FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a new quantized feedback controller, which can make all nodes of complex networks quasi-synchronization and eliminate the disturbance of random coupling in the system state, is designed under non-delay conditions. Secondly, we extend the theoretical results under non-delay conditions to time-varying delay conditions and design another form of quantization feedback controller to ensure that the network achieves quasi-synchronization. Furthermore, the error bound of quasi-synchronization is obtained.Finally, we verify the accuracy of our results using two numerical simulation examples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471186 and 32071176)the 14th Five-Year-Plan Advantageous and Characteristic Disciplines(Groups)of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province for Exercise and Brain Science from Hubei Provincial Department of Educationthe Leading Talent Program and Innovative Start-Up Foundation from Wuhan Sports University.
文摘Nutrigenomics is an emerging research field to investigate the interactions between food components and genes and elucidate their impacts on health and diseases.Exercise,another critical factor influencing human health,is intricately linked with nutrition and genetics,and is influenced by a combination of genetic background,lifestyle choice,and environmental factors.The high-throughput sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools have offered researchers to delve deeper into how individual genetic expression responses to exercise and how dietary interventions can enhance exercise performance and recovery through the gene expression changes and modifications.Among these mechanisms,gene expression emerges as the primary focus,highlighting its role in linking nutrients and exercise to metabolic pathways,muscle synthesis,and inflammation.While epigenetic modifications are briefly considered,the emphasis remains on how direct and indirect influences on gene expression drive physiological adaptations.Herein,the article reviews recent advancements in nutrigenomics within the context of exercise science,exploring gene-regulating mechanisms affected by specific nutrients and dietary patterns on exercise capacity,muscle synthesis,and damage repair.It also outlines the potential applications of personalized nutrition plans in athletic training and general fitness.In addition,this article addresses current challenges and potential issues in the practical implementation of nutrigenomics in exercise-induced health promotion.Future studies should emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration to unravel the intricate gene-nutrition-exercise interaction networks,thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation and technological support for the advancement of precision exercise nutrition.
基金co-supported by the National Key Project of China(No.GJXM92579)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92052203,61903178 and61906081)。
文摘Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper,a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning.A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE)and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN),are conducted as generative models.They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inverse design that matches specified features,such as locations of suction peak,shock and aft loading.Qualitative and quantitative results show that both adopted generative models can generate diverse and realistic wall Mach number distributions satisfying the given features.The CVAE-GAN model outperforms the CVAE model and achieves better reconstruction accuracies for all the samples in the dataset.Furthermore,a deep neural network for nonlinear mapping is adopted to obtain the airfoil shape corresponding to the target wall Mach number distribution.The performances of the designed deep neural network are fully demonstrated and a smoothness measurement is proposed to quantify small oscillations in the airfoil surface,proving the authenticity and accuracy of the generated airfoil shapes.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81970948)the Innovation Spark Project of Sichuan University (2018SCUH0054)the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2018SZ0139)。
文摘Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
