This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor(MuGFET)process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices....This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor(MuGFET)process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices.Owing to the 3D wrapped gate structure,MuGFETs can suppress the SCEs and improve the ON-current performance due to the volume inversion of the channel region.As the Si CMOS technology pioneers to sub-10 nm nodes,the process challenges in terms of lithography capability,process integration controversies,performance variability etc.were also discussed in this work.Due to the severe self-heating effect in the MuGFETs,the ballistic transport and reliability characteristics were investigated.Future alternatives for the current Si MuGFET technology were discussed at the end of the paper.More work needs to be done to realize novel high mobility channel MuGFETs with better performance and reliability.展开更多
Ge complementary tunneling field-effect transistors（TFETs） are fabricated with the NiGe metal source/drain（S/D） structure. The dopant segregation method is employed to form the NiGe/Ge tunneling junctions of suffi...Ge complementary tunneling field-effect transistors（TFETs） are fabricated with the NiGe metal source/drain（S/D） structure. The dopant segregation method is employed to form the NiGe/Ge tunneling junctions of sufficiently high Schottky barrier heights. As a result, the Ge p-and n-TFETs exhibit decent electrical properties of large ON-state current and steep sub-threshold slope（S factor）. Especially, I_d of 0.2 μA/μm is revealed at V_g-V_（th） = V_d = ±0.5 V for Ge pTFETs,with the S factor of 28 mV/dec at 7 K.展开更多
Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-hea...Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-heating effect becomes prominent in ultra-scaled MOSFETs.The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a thin silicon film is lacking due to the difficulty in sensing high thermal conductivity in the vertical direction.In this paper, a feasible method that utilizes an ultra-fast electrical pulse within 20 μs combined with the hot strip technique is adopted.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how to extract the cross-plane thermal conductivity of sub-50 nm(30 nm, 17 nm, and 10 nm)silicon films on buried oxide.The ratio of the extracted cross-plane thermal conductivity of the silicon films over the bulk value is only about 6.9%, 4.3%, and 3.8% at 300 K, respectively.As the thickness of the films is smaller than the phonon mean free path, the classical heat transport theory fails to predict the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors.Thus, in this study, a ballistic model, derived from the heat transport equation based on extended-irreversible-hydrodynamics(EIT), is used for further investigation, and the simulation results exhibit good consistence with the experimental data.The extracted effective thermal data could provide a good reference for precise device simulations and thermoelectric applications.展开更多
We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks(FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a n...We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks(FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a new quantized feedback controller, which can make all nodes of complex networks quasi-synchronization and eliminate the disturbance of random coupling in the system state, is designed under non-delay conditions. Secondly, we extend the theoretical results under non-delay conditions to time-varying delay conditions and design another form of quantization feedback controller to ensure that the network achieves quasi-synchronization. Furthermore, the error bound of quasi-synchronization is obtained.Finally, we verify the accuracy of our results using two numerical simulation examples.展开更多
Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper,a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learnin...Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper,a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning.A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE)and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN),are conducted as generative models.They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inverse design that matches specified features,such as locations of suction peak,shock and aft loading.Qualitative and quantitative results show that both adopted generative models can generate diverse and realistic wall Mach number distributions satisfying the given features.The CVAE-GAN model outperforms the CVAE model and achieves better reconstruction accuracies for all the samples in the dataset.Furthermore,a deep neural network for nonlinear mapping is adopted to obtain the airfoil shape corresponding to the target wall Mach number distribution.The performances of the designed deep neural network are fully demonstrated and a smoothness measurement is proposed to quantify small oscillations in the airfoil surface,proving the authenticity and accuracy of the generated airfoil shapes.展开更多
Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β trigg...Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.展开更多
Dental pulp can initiate its damage repair after an injury of the pulp–dentin complex by rearrangement of odontoblasts and formation of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells.Connexin 43(Cx43)is one of the gap j...Dental pulp can initiate its damage repair after an injury of the pulp–dentin complex by rearrangement of odontoblasts and formation of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells.Connexin 43(Cx43)is one of the gap junction proteins that participates in multiple tissue repair processes.However,the role of Cx43 in the repair of the dental pulp remains unclear.This study aimed to determine the function of Cx43 in the odontoblast arrangement patterns and odontoblastic differentiation.Human teeth for in vitro experiments were acquired,and a pulp injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats was used for in vivo analysis.The odontoblast arrangement pattern and the expression of Cx43 and dentin sialophosphoprotein(DSPP)were assessed.To investigate the function of Cx43 in odontoblastic differentiation,we overexpressed or inhibited Cx43.The results indicated that polarized odontoblasts were arranged along the pulp–dentin interface and had high levels of Cx43 expression in the healthy teeth;however,the odontoblast arrangement pattern was slightly changed concomitant to an increase in the Cx43 expression in the carious teeth.Regularly arranged odontoblast-like cells had high levels of the Cx43 expression during the formation of mature dentin,but the odontoblastlike cells were not regularly arranged beneath immature osteodentin in the pulp injury models.Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cx43 is upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells,and inhibition or overexpression of Cx43 influence the odontoblastic differentiation.Thus,Cx43 may be involved in the maintenance of odontoblast arrangement patterns,and influence the pulp repair outcomes by the regulation of odontoblastic differentiation.展开更多
The performance enhancement of conventional Si MOSFETs through device scaling is becoming increasingly difficult.The application of high mobility channel materials is one of the most promising solutions to overcome th...The performance enhancement of conventional Si MOSFETs through device scaling is becoming increasingly difficult.The application of high mobility channel materials is one of the most promising solutions to overcome the bottleneck.The Ge and GeSn channels attract a lot of interest as the alternative channel materials,not only because of the high carrier mobility but also the superior compatibility with typical Si CMOS technology.In this paper,the recent progress of high mobility Ge and GeSn MOSFETs has been investigated,providing feasible approaches to improve the performance of Ge and GeSn devices for future CMOS technologies.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LR18F040001,LY19F040001the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor(MuGFET)process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices.Owing to the 3D wrapped gate structure,MuGFETs can suppress the SCEs and improve the ON-current performance due to the volume inversion of the channel region.As the Si CMOS technology pioneers to sub-10 nm nodes,the process challenges in terms of lithography capability,process integration controversies,performance variability etc.were also discussed in this work.Due to the severe self-heating effect in the MuGFETs,the ballistic transport and reliability characteristics were investigated.Future alternatives for the current Si MuGFET technology were discussed at the end of the paper.More work needs to be done to realize novel high mobility channel MuGFETs with better performance and reliability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61504120the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No LR18F040001the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Ge complementary tunneling field-effect transistors（TFETs） are fabricated with the NiGe metal source/drain（S/D） structure. The dopant segregation method is employed to form the NiGe/Ge tunneling junctions of sufficiently high Schottky barrier heights. As a result, the Ge p-and n-TFETs exhibit decent electrical properties of large ON-state current and steep sub-threshold slope（S factor）. Especially, I_d of 0.2 μA/μm is revealed at V_g-V_（th） = V_d = ±0.5 V for Ge pTFETs,with the S factor of 28 mV/dec at 7 K.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZ19F040001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61473287)the NSFC–Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrialization Informatization,China(Grant No.U1609213)
文摘Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-heating effect becomes prominent in ultra-scaled MOSFETs.The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a thin silicon film is lacking due to the difficulty in sensing high thermal conductivity in the vertical direction.In this paper, a feasible method that utilizes an ultra-fast electrical pulse within 20 μs combined with the hot strip technique is adopted.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how to extract the cross-plane thermal conductivity of sub-50 nm(30 nm, 17 nm, and 10 nm)silicon films on buried oxide.The ratio of the extracted cross-plane thermal conductivity of the silicon films over the bulk value is only about 6.9%, 4.3%, and 3.8% at 300 K, respectively.As the thickness of the films is smaller than the phonon mean free path, the classical heat transport theory fails to predict the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors.Thus, in this study, a ballistic model, derived from the heat transport equation based on extended-irreversible-hydrodynamics(EIT), is used for further investigation, and the simulation results exhibit good consistence with the experimental data.The extracted effective thermal data could provide a good reference for precise device simulations and thermoelectric applications.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Development and Reform Commission New Energy Vehicles and Intelligent Connected Automobile Industry Technology Innovation Project。
文摘We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks(FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a new quantized feedback controller, which can make all nodes of complex networks quasi-synchronization and eliminate the disturbance of random coupling in the system state, is designed under non-delay conditions. Secondly, we extend the theoretical results under non-delay conditions to time-varying delay conditions and design another form of quantization feedback controller to ensure that the network achieves quasi-synchronization. Furthermore, the error bound of quasi-synchronization is obtained.Finally, we verify the accuracy of our results using two numerical simulation examples.
基金co-supported by the National Key Project of China(No.GJXM92579)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92052203,61903178 and61906081)。
文摘Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper,a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning.A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE)and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN),are conducted as generative models.They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inverse design that matches specified features,such as locations of suction peak,shock and aft loading.Qualitative and quantitative results show that both adopted generative models can generate diverse and realistic wall Mach number distributions satisfying the given features.The CVAE-GAN model outperforms the CVAE model and achieves better reconstruction accuracies for all the samples in the dataset.Furthermore,a deep neural network for nonlinear mapping is adopted to obtain the airfoil shape corresponding to the target wall Mach number distribution.The performances of the designed deep neural network are fully demonstrated and a smoothness measurement is proposed to quantify small oscillations in the airfoil surface,proving the authenticity and accuracy of the generated airfoil shapes.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81970948)the Innovation Spark Project of Sichuan University (2018SCUH0054)the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2018SZ0139)。
文摘Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
基金supported by the grants from the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2020YFH0112 and 2020YFS0181)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81500846)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020SCU12011).
文摘Dental pulp can initiate its damage repair after an injury of the pulp–dentin complex by rearrangement of odontoblasts and formation of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells.Connexin 43(Cx43)is one of the gap junction proteins that participates in multiple tissue repair processes.However,the role of Cx43 in the repair of the dental pulp remains unclear.This study aimed to determine the function of Cx43 in the odontoblast arrangement patterns and odontoblastic differentiation.Human teeth for in vitro experiments were acquired,and a pulp injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats was used for in vivo analysis.The odontoblast arrangement pattern and the expression of Cx43 and dentin sialophosphoprotein(DSPP)were assessed.To investigate the function of Cx43 in odontoblastic differentiation,we overexpressed or inhibited Cx43.The results indicated that polarized odontoblasts were arranged along the pulp–dentin interface and had high levels of Cx43 expression in the healthy teeth;however,the odontoblast arrangement pattern was slightly changed concomitant to an increase in the Cx43 expression in the carious teeth.Regularly arranged odontoblast-like cells had high levels of the Cx43 expression during the formation of mature dentin,but the odontoblastlike cells were not regularly arranged beneath immature osteodentin in the pulp injury models.Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cx43 is upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells,and inhibition or overexpression of Cx43 influence the odontoblastic differentiation.Thus,Cx43 may be involved in the maintenance of odontoblast arrangement patterns,and influence the pulp repair outcomes by the regulation of odontoblastic differentiation.
基金This work was supported,in part,by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LR18F040001the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The performance enhancement of conventional Si MOSFETs through device scaling is becoming increasingly difficult.The application of high mobility channel materials is one of the most promising solutions to overcome the bottleneck.The Ge and GeSn channels attract a lot of interest as the alternative channel materials,not only because of the high carrier mobility but also the superior compatibility with typical Si CMOS technology.In this paper,the recent progress of high mobility Ge and GeSn MOSFETs has been investigated,providing feasible approaches to improve the performance of Ge and GeSn devices for future CMOS technologies.
