High-light(HL)stress is a major environmental factor that limits crop productivity.Maize(Zea mays)and rice(Oryza sativa),two key global crops,can both grow under HL intensities but differ in photosynthetic metabolism;...High-light(HL)stress is a major environmental factor that limits crop productivity.Maize(Zea mays)and rice(Oryza sativa),two key global crops,can both grow under HL intensities but differ in photosynthetic metabolism;maize is a C4 species,whereas rice is a C3 species.However,the molecular mechanisms un-derlying their responses to HL stress remain poorly understood.To systematically dissect how HL affects maize and rice growth,we conducted time-resolved multi-omics analyses,examining the transcriptome,translatome,proteome,and metabolome in response to HL treatment.Integration of this multiomics approach with physiological analyses revealed that rice exhibits a more rapid response to HL stress than maize,with significant alterations in photosynthetic electron transport,energy dissipation,reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,and primary metabolism.In contrast,the higher tolerance of maize to HL stress is primarily attributed to increased cyclic electron flow(CEF)and non-photochemical quench-ing(NPQ),elevated sugar and aromatic amino acid accumulation,and enhanced antioxidant activity during 4 h of HL exposure.Transgenic experiments further validated key regulators of HL tolerance;for instance,knockout of OsbZIP18 enhanced HL tolerance in rice,whereas overexpression of ZmPsbS in maize signif-icantly boosted photosynthesis and energy-dependent quenching(qE)after 4 h of HL treatment,underscoring its role in protecting C4 crops from HL-induced photodamage.Taken together,these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HL stress tolerance in C4 versus C3 species and highlight a set of candidate genes for engineering improved HL tolerance in crops.展开更多
Expression of double-stranded RNAs in plastids offers great potential for the efficient control of chewing insects.However,many insect pests do not consume plant tissue but rather feed on the host plant by sucking sap...Expression of double-stranded RNAs in plastids offers great potential for the efficient control of chewing insects.However,many insect pests do not consume plant tissue but rather feed on the host plant by sucking sap from the vascular system.Whether or not plastid-mediated RNA interference(RNAi)can be employed to control sap-sucking insects is unknown.Here,we show that five species of sap-sucking hemipteran insects acquire plastid RNA upon feeding on plants.We generated both nuclear transgenic and transplastomic tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNAs targeting the MpDhc64C gene,a newly identified efficient target gene of RNAi whose silencing causes lethality to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae.In a whole-plant bioassay,transplastomic plants exhibited significant resistance to aphids,as evidenced by reduced insect survival,impaired fecundity,and decreased weight of survivors.The protective effect was comparable with that conferred by the best-performing nuclear transgenic plants.We found that the proportion of aphids on mature leaves of transplastomic plants was significantly lower compared with that of nuclear transgenic plants.When aphids were allowed to infest.only the mature leaves,transplastomic plants grew significantly faster and were overall better protected from the pest compared with nuclear transgenic plants.When monitored by electrical-penetration-graph analyses and aphid avoidance response experiments,the insects displayed remarkable alterations in feeding behavior,which was different in nuclear transgenic and transplastomic plants,likely reflecting specific avoidance strategies to toxic RNA molecules.Taken together,our study demonstrates that plastid-mediated RNAi provides an efficient strategy for controlling at least some sap-sucking insect pests,even though there is most likely no or only very little chloroplast RNA in the sap.展开更多
The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops worldwide.However,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains unknown.In this study,we used a range ...The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops worldwide.However,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains unknown.In this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of sweetpotato.The diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genome to sweetpotato.The tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was most likely l.batatas 4x,which donated the B2 subgenome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast genome.Sweetpotato most likely originated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genome duplication.In addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenomes;the rate of B,to B2 subgenome conversions was nearly three times higher than that of B2 to B subgenome conver-sions.Our analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root formation,maintenance of genome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium uptake were selected during the speciation and domestication of sweetpotato.This study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.展开更多
Dear Editor,RNA-based pesticides are approaching the market,offering great potential to control agricultural pests such as the coleopteran insect Diabrotica virgifera virgifera(Head et al.,2017).However,application to...Dear Editor,RNA-based pesticides are approaching the market,offering great potential to control agricultural pests such as the coleopteran insect Diabrotica virgifera virgifera(Head et al.,2017).However,application to lepidopteran pests has been hampered by their inconsistent response to RNA interference(RNAi).As a notorious lepidoptera pest,Helicoverpa armigera feeds on over 300 species of host plants(Fu et al.,2022).Although transgenicplants expressingdouble-stranded RNAs or microRNAs that target essential insect genes can inhibit the growth of larvae,complete protection of the plants and efficient killing of this insect have not been achieved(Bally et al.,2020;Chung et al.,2021;Li et al.,2023).The relatively low RNAi efficiency in lepidopterans is mainly attributable to the degradation and intracellular sequestration of double-stranded RNA(Shukla et al.,2016;Zhu and Palli,2020).To overcome these obstacles and improve RNAi efficiency in H.armigera,we attempted to deliver RNAi molecules using a bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particle(VLP)-based delivery system(Wang et al.,2016).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330079)Nanfan Special Project,CAAS(YBXM2321)+3 种基金the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372027,32472040,and 32170409)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0109500)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04072).
文摘High-light(HL)stress is a major environmental factor that limits crop productivity.Maize(Zea mays)and rice(Oryza sativa),two key global crops,can both grow under HL intensities but differ in photosynthetic metabolism;maize is a C4 species,whereas rice is a C3 species.However,the molecular mechanisms un-derlying their responses to HL stress remain poorly understood.To systematically dissect how HL affects maize and rice growth,we conducted time-resolved multi-omics analyses,examining the transcriptome,translatome,proteome,and metabolome in response to HL treatment.Integration of this multiomics approach with physiological analyses revealed that rice exhibits a more rapid response to HL stress than maize,with significant alterations in photosynthetic electron transport,energy dissipation,reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,and primary metabolism.In contrast,the higher tolerance of maize to HL stress is primarily attributed to increased cyclic electron flow(CEF)and non-photochemical quench-ing(NPQ),elevated sugar and aromatic amino acid accumulation,and enhanced antioxidant activity during 4 h of HL exposure.Transgenic experiments further validated key regulators of HL tolerance;for instance,knockout of OsbZIP18 enhanced HL tolerance in rice,whereas overexpression of ZmPsbS in maize signif-icantly boosted photosynthesis and energy-dependent quenching(qE)after 4 h of HL treatment,underscoring its role in protecting C4 crops from HL-induced photodamage.Taken together,these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HL stress tolerance in C4 versus C3 species and highlight a set of candidate genes for engineering improved HL tolerance in crops.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872035 and 32102297)the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province of China(2020CFA012)+1 种基金the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021 hszd011)the Innovation Base for Introducing Talents of Discipline of Hubei Province(2019BJH021)。
文摘Expression of double-stranded RNAs in plastids offers great potential for the efficient control of chewing insects.However,many insect pests do not consume plant tissue but rather feed on the host plant by sucking sap from the vascular system.Whether or not plastid-mediated RNA interference(RNAi)can be employed to control sap-sucking insects is unknown.Here,we show that five species of sap-sucking hemipteran insects acquire plastid RNA upon feeding on plants.We generated both nuclear transgenic and transplastomic tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNAs targeting the MpDhc64C gene,a newly identified efficient target gene of RNAi whose silencing causes lethality to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae.In a whole-plant bioassay,transplastomic plants exhibited significant resistance to aphids,as evidenced by reduced insect survival,impaired fecundity,and decreased weight of survivors.The protective effect was comparable with that conferred by the best-performing nuclear transgenic plants.We found that the proportion of aphids on mature leaves of transplastomic plants was significantly lower compared with that of nuclear transgenic plants.When aphids were allowed to infest.only the mature leaves,transplastomic plants grew significantly faster and were overall better protected from the pest compared with nuclear transgenic plants.When monitored by electrical-penetration-graph analyses and aphid avoidance response experiments,the insects displayed remarkable alterations in feeding behavior,which was different in nuclear transgenic and transplastomic plants,likely reflecting specific avoidance strategies to toxic RNA molecules.Taken together,our study demonstrates that plastid-mediated RNAi provides an efficient strategy for controlling at least some sap-sucking insect pests,even though there is most likely no or only very little chloroplast RNA in the sap.
基金This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2019YFD1000703 to J.Y.,2019YFD1000704-2 to M.Y.,and 2019YFD1000701-2 to W.F.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300207 to M.Y.,32272228 to M.L.,and 31771854 to H.W.)+5 种基金the"1+9"Open Competition Project of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences to select the best candidates(sweetpotato part of 1+9KJGG001 to M.L.)the Chongqing Normal University Foundation(23XLB033 to M.L.)the Shanghai Municipal Afforestation&City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Administration(G222413 to M.Y.,G222411 to H.W.,G232405 to H.N.,and G242407 to W.F.)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22JC1401300 to H.W.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(to J.Y.)the Bureau of Science and Technology for Development CAS(KFJ-BRP-017-42 to J.Y.).
文摘The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops worldwide.However,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains unknown.In this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of sweetpotato.The diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genome to sweetpotato.The tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was most likely l.batatas 4x,which donated the B2 subgenome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast genome.Sweetpotato most likely originated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genome duplication.In addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenomes;the rate of B,to B2 subgenome conversions was nearly three times higher than that of B2 to B subgenome conver-sions.Our analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root formation,maintenance of genome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium uptake were selected during the speciation and domestication of sweetpotato.This study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272634 and 32271912)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2607000)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Ningxia(2023BCF01045)the Key Program in AGIS under grant no.AGISZDXM-202304.
文摘Dear Editor,RNA-based pesticides are approaching the market,offering great potential to control agricultural pests such as the coleopteran insect Diabrotica virgifera virgifera(Head et al.,2017).However,application to lepidopteran pests has been hampered by their inconsistent response to RNA interference(RNAi).As a notorious lepidoptera pest,Helicoverpa armigera feeds on over 300 species of host plants(Fu et al.,2022).Although transgenicplants expressingdouble-stranded RNAs or microRNAs that target essential insect genes can inhibit the growth of larvae,complete protection of the plants and efficient killing of this insect have not been achieved(Bally et al.,2020;Chung et al.,2021;Li et al.,2023).The relatively low RNAi efficiency in lepidopterans is mainly attributable to the degradation and intracellular sequestration of double-stranded RNA(Shukla et al.,2016;Zhu and Palli,2020).To overcome these obstacles and improve RNAi efficiency in H.armigera,we attempted to deliver RNAi molecules using a bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particle(VLP)-based delivery system(Wang et al.,2016).
