The rising concern over electromagnetic (EM) pollution is re-sponsible for the rapid progress in EM interference (EMI) shielding and EM wave absorption in the last few years, and carbon materials with a large sur-face...The rising concern over electromagnetic (EM) pollution is re-sponsible for the rapid progress in EM interference (EMI) shielding and EM wave absorption in the last few years, and carbon materials with a large sur-face area and high porosity have been investigated. Compared to other car-bon materials, biomass-derived carbon (BC) are considered efficient and eco-friendly materials for this purpose. We summarize the recent advances in BC materials for both EMI shielding and EM wave absorption. After a brief overview of the synthesis strategies of BC materials and a precise out-line of EM wave interference, strategies for improving their EMI shielding and EM wave absorption are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and the future prospects for such materials are briefly summarized.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins especially Aβ and tau, and associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. Treatment of AD mainly con...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins especially Aβ and tau, and associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. Treatment of AD mainly consists of symptomatic therapy and disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Several monotherapies including small molecules or antibodies have been evaluated through multiple clinical trials, but a very few have been approved by the USFDA to intervene the disease’s pathogenesis. Past research has shown multifactorial nature of AD, therefore, multi-target drugs were proposed to target different pathways at the same time, however, currently no rationally designed multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) has been clinically approved. Different combinations and bispecific antibodies are also under development. Novel approaches like stem cell-based therapies, microRNAs, peptides, ADCs and vaccines cast a new hope for AD treatment, however, a number of questions remained to be answered prior to their safe and effective clinical translation. This review explores the small molecules, MTDL, and antibodies (monospecific and bispecific) for the treatment of AD. Finally, future perspectives (stem cell therapy, PROTAC approaches, microRNAs, ADC, peptides and vaccines) are also discussed with regard to their clinical applications and feasibility.展开更多
MXenes(inorganic metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides)are currently the rising star of two-dimensional(2D)family.After its discovery in 2011,initial research was concentrated on pristine MXenes only.However,in th...MXenes(inorganic metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides)are currently the rising star of two-dimensional(2D)family.After its discovery in 2011,initial research was concentrated on pristine MXenes only.However,in the last few years,the MXene family has been expanded with the exploration of novel double MXenes,synthesis of non-Ti MXenes,and heteroatom doping of MXenes.The current review article delivers an exclusive overview of the current research trends on the heteroatom doping of MXenes.The recent advances in heteroatom doping of MXenes(majorly Ti-MXenes)for energy storage/conversion applications including secondary batteries(Li-ion,Li–S,Na–S,Na-ion,K-ion,Zn-ion batteries),supercapacitors,electrocatalysis,etc.are summarized.A brief overview of the defects as well as doping in various 2D materials is included in the manuscript.Various doping strategies of MXenes are outlined.Moreover,the impact of artificial intelligence/machine learning on MXene research is also concisely discussed.Additionally,the advantages of doping on MXenes are discussed in detail.Lastly,the existing challenges and future prospects of doped MXenes are addressed.It is expected that the current review will open new prospects for the fabrication of advanced energy devices through heteroatom doping of MXenes.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder.The subtle and insidious onset of its pathogenesis makes early detection of a formidable challenge in both contemporary neuroscience and clin...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder.The subtle and insidious onset of its pathogenesis makes early detection of a formidable challenge in both contemporary neuroscience and clinical practice.In this study,we introduce an advanced diagnostic methodology rooted in theMed-3D transfermodel and enhanced with an attention mechanism.We aim to improve the precision of AD diagnosis and facilitate its early identification.Initially,we employ a spatial normalization technique to address challenges like clarity degradation and unsaturation,which are commonly observed in imaging datasets.Subsequently,an attention mechanism is incorporated to selectively focus on the salient features within the imaging data.Building upon this foundation,we present the novelMed-3D transfermodel,designed to further elucidate and amplify the intricate features associated withADpathogenesis.Our proposedmodel has demonstrated promising results,achieving a classification accuracy of 92%.To emphasize the robustness and practicality of our approach,we introduce an adaptive‘hot-updating’auxiliary diagnostic system.This system not only enables continuous model training and optimization but also provides a dynamic platform to meet the real-time diagnostic and therapeutic demands of AD.展开更多
In recent years,increased discharge of toxic effluents into water bodies has severely harmed ecosystems and human well-being.Various techniques are employed to remove contaminants,among which photocatalysis have prove...In recent years,increased discharge of toxic effluents into water bodies has severely harmed ecosystems and human well-being.Various techniques are employed to remove contaminants,among which photocatalysis have proven to be the most environment friendly and effective technique.This review focuses on MgFe_(2)O_(4),an exceptional photocatalyst owing to their small band gap,spherical shape,magnetic respon-sivity,stability,reusability,cost-effectiveness and small crystallite size.We have covered comprehensive comparison of research studies from the past decade to assess.Magnesium ferrite’s photocatalytic potential in pure,doped,and composite forms.Along with synthesis methods,degradation mechanisms,and shortcomings explained in detail.Furthermore,we have highlighted the enhanced photocatalytic capability of doped MgFe_(2)O_(4)and their nanocomposites towards the various organic contaminants upon visible light irradiation under a comparatively short period of time.Factors like cation distribution,dosage,pH,as well as methods for recovery and reuse are discussed to aid in production of more efficient photocatalysts.There has been a lack of information on the techniques that can be used to overcome the various shortcomings of MgFe_(2)O_(4)ferrite.Hence,we have accentuated on bringing forth such advanced techniques that would aid in driving the researchers’attention towards the practical and industrial application of the hybrid MgFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles.Lastly,the research gaps and industrial need of MgFe_(2)O_(4)ferrite-based materials were addressed to offer a concise view.展开更多
Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties,recently,ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.Thus,ZnO nanomaterials are widel...Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties,recently,ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.Thus,ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to fabricate efficient gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous and toxic gases.The presented review article is focusing on the recent developments of NO2gas sensors based on ZnO nanomaterials.The review presents the general introduction of some metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing application and finally focusing on the structure of ZnO and its gas sensing mechanisms.Basic gas sensing characteristics such as gas response,response time,recovery time,selectivity,detection limit,stability and recyclability,etc are also discussed in this article.Further,the utilization of various ZnO nanomaterials such as nanorods,nanowires,nano-micro flowers,quantum dots,thin films and nanosheets,etc for the fabrication of NO2gas sensors are also presented.Moreover,various factors such as NO2concentrations,annealing temperature,ZnO morphologies and particle sizes,relative humidity,operating temperatures which are affecting the NO2gas sensing properties are discussed in this review.Finally,the review article is concluded and future directions are presented.展开更多
Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (A.lamarckii) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test was done ...Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (A.lamarckii) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test was done by inducing hyperglycemic state via administration of glucose in water(2 g/kg).Single dose of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarckii(250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.) were administered to normoglycemic,hyperglycemic rats.Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide(110 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin(65 mg/kg).The study also included estimations of blood plasma glucose,lipid profile,liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in normal and diabetic rats.Results:Admistration of alcoholic extract of A.lamarekii at two dosage 250 and 500 rag/kg,p.o.did not showed any significant change in blood glucose level of normoglycemic rats(P】0.05).whereas,oral glucose tolerance test depicted reduction in blood glucose level(P【0.05).The streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats, significantly decreased the blood plasma glucose level(P【0.001) comparable to glibenclamide (10 mg/kg),restored the lipid profile and showed improvement in liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in diabetic rats.Conclusions:Present finding demonstrated the significant antidiabetic activity of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarekii.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the naturally occurring antioxidant for the first time from the different solvent fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus（H.enneaspermus） Linn F.Muell.family（Violaceae）. Methods:Different frac...Objective:To investigate the naturally occurring antioxidant for the first time from the different solvent fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus（H.enneaspermus） Linn F.Muell.family（Violaceae）. Methods:Different fractions of H.enneaspermus were tested for total phenolic content,and in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by total antioxidant assay,DPPH assay,reducing power, nitric oxide（NO）,hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>） scavenging assays.Results:The ethyl acetate（EA） fraction was found to have high levels of phenolic content[（212.15±0.79） mg GAE/g].The EA fraction exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity,higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity[（127.07±2.29） Fg/mL],nitric oxide[（245.16±1.44）μg/mLJ,hydrogen peroxide[（227.38±7.18）μg/mL],deoxyribose[（270.61±8.72）μg/mL]and higher reducing power.There was a significant correlation between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity（r =0.972）. Conclusions:These results reveal that EA fraction of H.enneaspermus has strong antioxidant potential compared with other fractions.Our further study has been extended to the isolation of the possible compound that is responsible for having antioxidant property.展开更多
Objective:To assesse the inhibitor) effect of alcoholic extract of two Indian medicinal plants namely Ceasalpinia digyna Rottler and.Alangium lamarckii Thwaits on aldose reductase（AR） of rat lens.Methods:Rats lens w...Objective:To assesse the inhibitor) effect of alcoholic extract of two Indian medicinal plants namely Ceasalpinia digyna Rottler and.Alangium lamarckii Thwaits on aldose reductase（AR） of rat lens.Methods:Rats lens were enucleated through posterior approach and their homogenate was prepared and centrifuged to obtain a clear supernatant for the determination of AR activity and protein content.Results:The alcoholic extract of Ceasalpirda digyna and Alangium lamarckii had a potent inhibitory effect on the lens AR enzyme.The IC<sub>50</sub> values of alcoholic extract of the selected plants were calculated and were（46.29±11.17） and（106.00±5.11）μg/mL,respectively. Quercetin was used as a positive control and its IC<sub>50</sub> value was（2.95±1.53）μg/mL.Conclusions:Thus,it is concluded that alcoholic extracts of the selected plant exhibit significant inhibitory effects on AR in the rat lens in vitro.展开更多
Of 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)later in life.HBV is the most diverse DNA virus,and its geno...Of 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)later in life.HBV is the most diverse DNA virus,and its genome is composed of four open reading frames:Presurface antigen/surface antigen gene(preS/S),precore/core gene(preC/C),polymerase gene(P),and theχgene(χ).HBV produces quasispecies naturally or in response to antiviral agents because of the absence of proofreading activity amid reverse transcription and a high replication rate.The virus has 10 genotypes(A to J)with different geographical distributions.There are various HBV mutations in the HBV genome,including preC/C mutations,preS/S mutations,P gene mutations,andχgene mutations.The core promoter region plays a vital part in the replication,morphogenesis and pathogenesis of the virus.The precore region also plays a crucial role in viral replication.Both core promoter and precore mutations rescue the virus from host immune surveillance and result in the formation of mutated strains that may have altered pathogenicity.preC/C mutations are associated with liver disease progression.Precore mutations stop hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)production and basal core promoter mutations downregulate HBeAg production.Mutations in the basal core promoter are also associated with increased HBV replication and an increased incidence of advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis and HCC.The emergence of antiviral-resistant mutations is the main reason for treatment failure.This review focuses mainly on preC/C promoter mutations and their correlation with genotypes and liver disease severity.Thorough perception and knowledge of HBV genetic variety and mutants could be vital to discover techniques for the prognosis and control of HBV infection.展开更多
Pedalium murex Linn(family:Pedaliaceae)(P.murex) commonly known as Large Caltrops and Gokhru(India) is a shrub found in the Southern part.Deccan region of India and in some parts of Ceylon.Different parts of the plant...Pedalium murex Linn(family:Pedaliaceae)(P.murex) commonly known as Large Caltrops and Gokhru(India) is a shrub found in the Southern part.Deccan region of India and in some parts of Ceylon.Different parts of the plant are used to treat various ailments like,cough,cold and as an antiseptic.Interestingly.P.murex is reported traditionally to have an excellent cure in patients with reproductive disorders which are mainly impotency in men.nocturnal emissions,gonorrhoea as well as leucorrhoea in women.The plant has also benifiled in complications like urinary track disorder as well as gastro intestinal tract disorders.Phytochemically the plant is popular for the presence of a considerable amount of diosgenin and vanillin which are regarded as an important source and useful starting materials for synthesizing steroidal contraceptive drugs and isatin alkaloids.Other phytochemicals reported in the plant includes quercetin.ursolic acid,caffeic acid,amino acids(glycine,histidine,tyrosine,threonine,aspartie acid and glutamic acid) and various classes of fatty acids(triacontanoic acid,nonacosane.tritriacontane.tetratriacontanyl and heptatriacontan-4-one).Pharmacologically,the plant have been investigated for antiulcerogenic. nephroprotective.hypolipidemic,aphrodisiac,antioxidant,antimicrobial and insecticidal activities.From all these reports it can be concluded that the plant were found to have a better profile with potential natural source for the treatment of various range of either acute or chronic disease.The overall database of our review article was collected from the scientific sources in regards with all the information ol the research article for P.murex published so far.展开更多
The various methods for microwave processing of materials exhibit numerous advantages,such as short processing times,high yield,expanded reaction conditions,high reproducibility,and high purity of products.Microwave-a...The various methods for microwave processing of materials exhibit numerous advantages,such as short processing times,high yield,expanded reaction conditions,high reproducibility,and high purity of products.Microwave-assisted synthesis strategies have been widely adopted for the preparation of highperformance graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes.Metal oxides,mixed metal oxides,metal hydroxides,layered double hydroxides,carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers are some of the main materials which have been added to graphene derivatives for advanced composite/hybrid electrodes.This review article first provides a brief introduction and an overview of microwave heating and its advantages for processing graphene-based electrode materials.After that,a systematic survey of recently published research on microwave irradiation-assisted processing is presented,focusing on:(i)transformation of graphite/graphite oxide into graphene/graphene oxide by exfoliation and reduction;(ii)formation of graphene derivatives in various liquid and gaseous media;(iii)modification of graphene derivatives with various metal oxides/hydroxides,carbon nanotubes,and conducting polymers for use in supercapacitors.Major challenges and future perspectives for microwave-assisted processing of graphene-based materials for cutting-edge supercapacitor electrode applications are also summarized in the conclusion.展开更多
This paper presents the predictive models for biped robot trajectory generation.Predictive models are parametrizing as a continuous function of joint angle trajectories.In a previous work,the authors had collected the...This paper presents the predictive models for biped robot trajectory generation.Predictive models are parametrizing as a continuous function of joint angle trajectories.In a previous work,the authors had collected the human locomotion dataset at RAMAN Lab,MNIT,Jaipur,India.The MNIT gait dataset consists of walking data on a plane surface of 120 human subjects from different age groups and genders.Thirty-two machine learning models(linear,support vector,k-nearest neighbor,ensemble,probabilistic,and deep learning)trained using the collected dataset.In addition,two types of mapping,(a)one-to-one and(b)many-to-one,are presented for each model.These mapping models act as a reference policy for the control of joints and prediction of state for the next time instant in advance if the onboard sensor fails.Results show that the deep learning and probabilistic learning models perform better for both types of mappings.Also,the probabilistic model outperforms the deep learning-based models in terms of maximum error,because the probabilistic model effectively deals with the prediction uncertainty.In addition,many-to-one outperforms the one-to-one mapping because it captures the correlation between knee,hip,and ankle trajectories.Therefore,this study suggests a many-to-one mapping using the probabilistic model for biped robot trajectory generation.展开更多
Cardiac Arrhythmias shows a condition of abnor-mal electrical activity in the heart which is a threat to humans. This paper presents a method to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, extract the fea-tures, for the c...Cardiac Arrhythmias shows a condition of abnor-mal electrical activity in the heart which is a threat to humans. This paper presents a method to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, extract the fea-tures, for the classification of heart beats according to different arrhythmias. Data were obtained from 40 records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (only one lead). Cardiac arrhythmias which are found are Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Supraventricular Tachycardia, Incomplete Bundle Branch Block, Bundle Branch Block, Ventricular Tachycardia. A learning dataset for the neural network was obtained from a twenty records set which were manually classified using MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database Directory and docu- mentation, taking advantage of the professional experience of a cardiologist. Fast Fourier transforms are used to identify the peaks in the ECG signal and then Neural Networks are applied to identify the diseases. Levenberg Marquardt Back-Propagation algorithm is used to train the network. The results obtained have better efficiency then the previously proposed methods.展开更多
Objective: The current study evaluated various new colchicine analogs for their anticancer activity and to study the primary mechanism of apoptosis and in vivo antitumor activity of the analogs with selective anticanc...Objective: The current study evaluated various new colchicine analogs for their anticancer activity and to study the primary mechanism of apoptosis and in vivo antitumor activity of the analogs with selective anticancer properties and minimal toxicity to normal cells.Methods: Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay was used to screen various colchicine analogs for their in vitro cytotoxicity. The effect of N-[(7S)-1,2,3-trimethoxy-9-oxo-10-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a] heptalene-7-yl] acetamide(ⅢM-067) on clonogenicity, apoptotic induction, and invasiveness of A549 cells was determined using a clonogenic assay, scratch assay, and staining with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) and annexin V/propidium iodide. Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels were observed using fluorescence microscopy. Western blot analysis was used to quantify expression of proteins involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling. Pharmacokinetic and in vivo efficacy studies against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) and Ehrlich solid tumor models were conducted using Swiss albino mice.Results: ⅢM-067 showed potent cytotoxicity and better selectivity than all other colchicine analogs screened in this study. The selective activity of ⅢM-067 toward A549 cells was higher among other cancer cell lines,with a selectivity index(SI) value of 2.28. ⅢM-067 demonstrated concentration-and time-dependent cytotoxicity against A549 cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.207, 0.150 and0.106 μmol/L at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. It also had reduced toxicity to normal cells(SI > 1) than the parent compound colchicine(SI = 1). ⅢM-067 reduced the clonogenic ability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ⅢM-067 enhanced ROS production from 24.6% at 0.05 μmol/L to 82.1% at 0.4 μmol/L and substantially decreased the MMP(100% in control to 5.6% at 0.4 μmol/L). The annexin V-FITC assay demonstrated78% apoptosis at 0.4 μmol/L. ⅢM-067 significantly(P < 0.5) induced the expression of various intrinsic apoptotic pathway proteins, and it differentially regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore,ⅢM-067 exhibited remarkable in vivo anticancer activity against the murine EAC model, with tumor growth inhibition(TGI) of 67.0% at a dose of 6 mg/kg(i.p.) and a reduced mortality compared to colchicine. ⅢM-067also effectively inhibited the tumor growth in the murine solid tumor model with TGI rates of 48.10%, 55.68%and 44.00% at doses of 5 mg/kg(i.p.), 6 mg/kg(i.p.) and 7 mg/kg(p.o.), respectively.Conclusion: ⅢM-067 exhibited significant anticancer activity with reduced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising anticancer candidate. However, further studies are required in clinical settings to fully understand its potential.展开更多
Background:?The role of chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer is constantly evolving?with various neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies. Several chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of locally advanced gastric can...Background:?The role of chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer is constantly evolving?with various neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies. Several chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) namely Platinum based compounds (Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin), Fluoropyrimidines like 5-Flurouracil [(5-FU), Capecitabine)], Taxanes (Docetaxel) and Anthracyclines (Epirubicin). Various doublet and triplet combination chemotherapy regimens have been used for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in LAGCs. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel based triplet regimen DOF [Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil] in LAGC. Material and methods:?50 Newly diagnosed patients of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer (stage II or III) deemed fit to receive chemotherapy were included in our study. After 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, patients were assessed based on radiological and pathological response.?Results: 50 Patients were included in our study of which majority were male (32), median age at presentation was 55 years and 24 patients presented with a history of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). The most common hematological toxicities observed in our study were anemia (61.2%), neutropenia (42.6%, febrile neutropenia constituted 6%) and thrombocytopenia (13.2%). The most common gastro-intestinal [GI] toxicities observed in our study included nausea (69.2%), vomiting (31.2%), diarrhea (34%), oral mucositis (14%) and constipation (6.6%). We found that safety profile of DOF regimen was favorable with majority of patients tolerating the regimen well. The Overall Response Rate (68%), Disease Control Rate (96%) and Resectability Rate (80%) were higher compared to western studies. Pathological CR (17.5%), ypN0?disease status (42.5%) and nodal down staging (52%), all showed positive correlations with survival outcomes. Conclusion:?DOF regimen is an effective and feasible option for neoadjuvant treatment of LAGC in an Indian population.展开更多
Non-enzymatic biosensors based on mixed transition metal oxides are deemed as the most promising devices due to their high sensitivity,selectivity,wide concentration range,low detection limits,and excellent recyclabil...Non-enzymatic biosensors based on mixed transition metal oxides are deemed as the most promising devices due to their high sensitivity,selectivity,wide concentration range,low detection limits,and excellent recyclability.Spinel NiCo2O4 mixed oxides have drawn considerable attention recently due to their outstanding advantages including large specific surface area,high permeability,short electron,and ion diffusion pathways.Because of the rapid development of non-enzyme biosensors,the current state of methods for synthesis of pure and composite/hybrid NiCo2P4 materials and their subsequent electrochemical biosensing applications are systematically and comprehensively reviewed herein.Comparative analysis reveals better electrochemical sensing of bioanalytes by one-dimensional and two-dimensional NiCo2O4 nano-/microstructures than other morphologies.Better biosensing efficiency of NiCo2O4 as compared to corresponding individual metal oxides,viz.NiO and Co3O4,is attributed to the close intrinsic-state redox couples of Ni3+/Ni2+(0.58 V/0.49 V) and Co3+/Co2+(0.53 V/0.51 V).Biosensing performance of NiCo2O4 is also significantly improved by making the composites of NiCo2O4 with conducting carbonaceous materials like graphene,reduced graphene oxide,carbon nanotubes(single and multi-walled),carbon nanofibers;conducting polymers like polypyrrole(PPy),polyaniline(PANI);metal oxides NiO,Co3O4,SnO2,MnO2;and metals like Au,Pd,etc.Various factors affecting the morphologies and biosensing parameters of the nano-/microstructured NiCo2O4 are also highlighted.Finally,some drawbacks and future perspectives related to this promising field are outlined.展开更多
Background: Insufficiency of vitamin D is one of the utmost general health issues all over the globe, including Pakistan;incompatible data are present on the possible relationship among serum vitamin D values and qual...Background: Insufficiency of vitamin D is one of the utmost general health issues all over the globe, including Pakistan;incompatible data are present on the possible relationship among serum vitamin D values and quality of semen. Objective: Lack of Vitamin D in body is related with a higher risk of various health problems including infertility. In our setup no such type of study had been conducted in the past on the relationship among serum vitamin D levels and infertility. This study was aimed to investigate male subjects with infertility and serum levels of vitamin D. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and performed on 243 male subjects who attended the clinic for evaluation of infertility from January 2016 to December 2017. Mean age of patients was 31.94 years with standard deviation of 7.52 years. The mean age of controls was 32.2 years with SD 8.42 years, age ranged between 20 years as minimum to 46 years as maximum. The minimum vitamin D level was 7.00 ng/dl while maximum 130 ng/dl, mean was 26.20 and standard deviation was 22.06 ng/ml. Levels of vitamin D were significantly low in (67%) male subjects with infertility. The mean vitamin D level of controls was 49.40 with SD of 35.98 ng/ml. 28% of controls had also vitamin D levels below the normal range, which indicates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population here in our setup. The participants were divided according to WHO (World Health Organization) 2010 criteria along with corresponding healthy control subjects. A questionnaire for evaluation of infertility in male subjects was filled by all the contestants. Results: Levels of vitamin D were significantly low in (67%) male subjects with infertility. While 28% of controls had also vitamin D levels below the normal range. Infertile male subjects with low or no sperm count were found insufficient for vitamin D in comparison to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of current study that low levels of vitamin D are related with abnormal male reproductive function, the severity of that was subject to the amount of vitamin D insufficiency.展开更多
The underlying study investigates single valued neutrosophic entropy based adaptive sensitive frequency band selection for variational mode decomposition(VMD)for the purpose of identifying defective components in an a...The underlying study investigates single valued neutrosophic entropy based adaptive sensitive frequency band selection for variational mode decomposition(VMD)for the purpose of identifying defective components in an axial pump.The proposed methodology is applied in the following steps.First,VMD is applied for decomposing vibration signals into various frequency bands,called as modes.After computing energy of each VMD,the lower(minimum)and upper(maximum)bounds from these energy readings are extracted for defect conditions,such as outer race,inner race,worn piston,faulty cylinder and valve plate,and blocked hole of the piston.Thereafter,energy interval ranges are obtained and further converted into the form of single valued neutrosophic sets(SVNSs).Then,the proposed neutrosophic entropy measure is deployed for quantifying the non-linear connection between each bearing defect conditions and various frequency bands.The mode having maximum neutrosophic entropy value is designated to the“most sensitive”frequency band.Thereafter,envelope demodulation is applied to the most sensitive selected frequency band for finding defective components.The proposed neutrosophic entropy and VMD based methodology is effective in providing a better insight for selecting suitable frequency band for carrying out envelope demodulation in comparison to existing methods.展开更多
Sacred groves preserve a rich religious and socio-cultural heritage of Indian biodiversity from primeval times,due to their values.They act as a bridge between man and nature.Groves help to improve soil quality,replen...Sacred groves preserve a rich religious and socio-cultural heritage of Indian biodiversity from primeval times,due to their values.They act as a bridge between man and nature.Groves help to improve soil quality,replenish water resources and are pivotal for biodiversity conservation of plants and animals including rare,endemic,threatened,vulnerable species and ethnobotanical species.Most of India's sacred groves are associated with a deity or a spiritual being,who protects the grove and local people.Vegetation cover of these groves has traditional ethnobotanical value,especially in the field of ethnomedicine,which accounts for the conservation of groves over the years.Numerous plant species from sacred groves are used according to tradition and culture to prevent or cure various health problems.However,modernisation,industrialisation,increased encroachment and misuse of forest resources increasingly threaten sacred groves.These treasures of nature must be conserved by formulating and applying new laws and policies while creating awareness among people about the value of sacred groves.Toward this aim,we review the distribution,ecological and socio-cultural significance of sacred groves of India and strategies to conserve them.展开更多
基金Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), Department of Science & Technology (DST), New Delhi, India under Ramanujan award (SB/S2/RJN-159/2017)。
文摘The rising concern over electromagnetic (EM) pollution is re-sponsible for the rapid progress in EM interference (EMI) shielding and EM wave absorption in the last few years, and carbon materials with a large sur-face area and high porosity have been investigated. Compared to other car-bon materials, biomass-derived carbon (BC) are considered efficient and eco-friendly materials for this purpose. We summarize the recent advances in BC materials for both EMI shielding and EM wave absorption. After a brief overview of the synthesis strategies of BC materials and a precise out-line of EM wave interference, strategies for improving their EMI shielding and EM wave absorption are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and the future prospects for such materials are briefly summarized.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins especially Aβ and tau, and associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. Treatment of AD mainly consists of symptomatic therapy and disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Several monotherapies including small molecules or antibodies have been evaluated through multiple clinical trials, but a very few have been approved by the USFDA to intervene the disease’s pathogenesis. Past research has shown multifactorial nature of AD, therefore, multi-target drugs were proposed to target different pathways at the same time, however, currently no rationally designed multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) has been clinically approved. Different combinations and bispecific antibodies are also under development. Novel approaches like stem cell-based therapies, microRNAs, peptides, ADCs and vaccines cast a new hope for AD treatment, however, a number of questions remained to be answered prior to their safe and effective clinical translation. This review explores the small molecules, MTDL, and antibodies (monospecific and bispecific) for the treatment of AD. Finally, future perspectives (stem cell therapy, PROTAC approaches, microRNAs, ADC, peptides and vaccines) are also discussed with regard to their clinical applications and feasibility.
基金support by the Anusandhan National Research Foundation(ANRF),Department of Science&Technology(DST),New Delhi,India under Ramanujan award(SB/S2/RJN-159/2017)Hussain and K.Zhang acknowledge financial support by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(project number CityU 11201522).
文摘MXenes(inorganic metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides)are currently the rising star of two-dimensional(2D)family.After its discovery in 2011,initial research was concentrated on pristine MXenes only.However,in the last few years,the MXene family has been expanded with the exploration of novel double MXenes,synthesis of non-Ti MXenes,and heteroatom doping of MXenes.The current review article delivers an exclusive overview of the current research trends on the heteroatom doping of MXenes.The recent advances in heteroatom doping of MXenes(majorly Ti-MXenes)for energy storage/conversion applications including secondary batteries(Li-ion,Li–S,Na–S,Na-ion,K-ion,Zn-ion batteries),supercapacitors,electrocatalysis,etc.are summarized.A brief overview of the defects as well as doping in various 2D materials is included in the manuscript.Various doping strategies of MXenes are outlined.Moreover,the impact of artificial intelligence/machine learning on MXene research is also concisely discussed.Additionally,the advantages of doping on MXenes are discussed in detail.Lastly,the existing challenges and future prospects of doped MXenes are addressed.It is expected that the current review will open new prospects for the fabrication of advanced energy devices through heteroatom doping of MXenes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62076044)Scientific Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Technology(No.2020ZDZ015).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex,progressive neurodegenerative disorder.The subtle and insidious onset of its pathogenesis makes early detection of a formidable challenge in both contemporary neuroscience and clinical practice.In this study,we introduce an advanced diagnostic methodology rooted in theMed-3D transfermodel and enhanced with an attention mechanism.We aim to improve the precision of AD diagnosis and facilitate its early identification.Initially,we employ a spatial normalization technique to address challenges like clarity degradation and unsaturation,which are commonly observed in imaging datasets.Subsequently,an attention mechanism is incorporated to selectively focus on the salient features within the imaging data.Building upon this foundation,we present the novelMed-3D transfermodel,designed to further elucidate and amplify the intricate features associated withADpathogenesis.Our proposedmodel has demonstrated promising results,achieving a classification accuracy of 92%.To emphasize the robustness and practicality of our approach,we introduce an adaptive‘hot-updating’auxiliary diagnostic system.This system not only enables continuous model training and optimization but also provides a dynamic platform to meet the real-time diagnostic and therapeutic demands of AD.
文摘In recent years,increased discharge of toxic effluents into water bodies has severely harmed ecosystems and human well-being.Various techniques are employed to remove contaminants,among which photocatalysis have proven to be the most environment friendly and effective technique.This review focuses on MgFe_(2)O_(4),an exceptional photocatalyst owing to their small band gap,spherical shape,magnetic respon-sivity,stability,reusability,cost-effectiveness and small crystallite size.We have covered comprehensive comparison of research studies from the past decade to assess.Magnesium ferrite’s photocatalytic potential in pure,doped,and composite forms.Along with synthesis methods,degradation mechanisms,and shortcomings explained in detail.Furthermore,we have highlighted the enhanced photocatalytic capability of doped MgFe_(2)O_(4)and their nanocomposites towards the various organic contaminants upon visible light irradiation under a comparatively short period of time.Factors like cation distribution,dosage,pH,as well as methods for recovery and reuse are discussed to aid in production of more efficient photocatalysts.There has been a lack of information on the techniques that can be used to overcome the various shortcomings of MgFe_(2)O_(4)ferrite.Hence,we have accentuated on bringing forth such advanced techniques that would aid in driving the researchers’attention towards the practical and industrial application of the hybrid MgFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles.Lastly,the research gaps and industrial need of MgFe_(2)O_(4)ferrite-based materials were addressed to offer a concise view.
基金supported by NSTIP strategic technologies programs,number(12-NAN2551-02)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
文摘Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties,recently,ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.Thus,ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to fabricate efficient gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous and toxic gases.The presented review article is focusing on the recent developments of NO2gas sensors based on ZnO nanomaterials.The review presents the general introduction of some metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing application and finally focusing on the structure of ZnO and its gas sensing mechanisms.Basic gas sensing characteristics such as gas response,response time,recovery time,selectivity,detection limit,stability and recyclability,etc are also discussed in this article.Further,the utilization of various ZnO nanomaterials such as nanorods,nanowires,nano-micro flowers,quantum dots,thin films and nanosheets,etc for the fabrication of NO2gas sensors are also presented.Moreover,various factors such as NO2concentrations,annealing temperature,ZnO morphologies and particle sizes,relative humidity,operating temperatures which are affecting the NO2gas sensing properties are discussed in this review.Finally,the review article is concluded and future directions are presented.
基金University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,for providing the financial assistance to Mr. Rajesh Kumar
文摘Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (A.lamarckii) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test was done by inducing hyperglycemic state via administration of glucose in water(2 g/kg).Single dose of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarckii(250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.) were administered to normoglycemic,hyperglycemic rats.Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide(110 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin(65 mg/kg).The study also included estimations of blood plasma glucose,lipid profile,liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in normal and diabetic rats.Results:Admistration of alcoholic extract of A.lamarekii at two dosage 250 and 500 rag/kg,p.o.did not showed any significant change in blood glucose level of normoglycemic rats(P】0.05).whereas,oral glucose tolerance test depicted reduction in blood glucose level(P【0.05).The streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats, significantly decreased the blood plasma glucose level(P【0.001) comparable to glibenclamide (10 mg/kg),restored the lipid profile and showed improvement in liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in diabetic rats.Conclusions:Present finding demonstrated the significant antidiabetic activity of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarekii.
文摘Objective:To investigate the naturally occurring antioxidant for the first time from the different solvent fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus（H.enneaspermus） Linn F.Muell.family（Violaceae）. Methods:Different fractions of H.enneaspermus were tested for total phenolic content,and in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by total antioxidant assay,DPPH assay,reducing power, nitric oxide（NO）,hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>） scavenging assays.Results:The ethyl acetate（EA） fraction was found to have high levels of phenolic content[（212.15±0.79） mg GAE/g].The EA fraction exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity,higher percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity[（127.07±2.29） Fg/mL],nitric oxide[（245.16±1.44）μg/mLJ,hydrogen peroxide[（227.38±7.18）μg/mL],deoxyribose[（270.61±8.72）μg/mL]and higher reducing power.There was a significant correlation between total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity（r =0.972）. Conclusions:These results reveal that EA fraction of H.enneaspermus has strong antioxidant potential compared with other fractions.Our further study has been extended to the isolation of the possible compound that is responsible for having antioxidant property.
文摘Objective:To assesse the inhibitor) effect of alcoholic extract of two Indian medicinal plants namely Ceasalpinia digyna Rottler and.Alangium lamarckii Thwaits on aldose reductase（AR） of rat lens.Methods:Rats lens were enucleated through posterior approach and their homogenate was prepared and centrifuged to obtain a clear supernatant for the determination of AR activity and protein content.Results:The alcoholic extract of Ceasalpirda digyna and Alangium lamarckii had a potent inhibitory effect on the lens AR enzyme.The IC<sub>50</sub> values of alcoholic extract of the selected plants were calculated and were（46.29±11.17） and（106.00±5.11）μg/mL,respectively. Quercetin was used as a positive control and its IC<sub>50</sub> value was（2.95±1.53）μg/mL.Conclusions:Thus,it is concluded that alcoholic extracts of the selected plant exhibit significant inhibitory effects on AR in the rat lens in vitro.
文摘Of 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)later in life.HBV is the most diverse DNA virus,and its genome is composed of four open reading frames:Presurface antigen/surface antigen gene(preS/S),precore/core gene(preC/C),polymerase gene(P),and theχgene(χ).HBV produces quasispecies naturally or in response to antiviral agents because of the absence of proofreading activity amid reverse transcription and a high replication rate.The virus has 10 genotypes(A to J)with different geographical distributions.There are various HBV mutations in the HBV genome,including preC/C mutations,preS/S mutations,P gene mutations,andχgene mutations.The core promoter region plays a vital part in the replication,morphogenesis and pathogenesis of the virus.The precore region also plays a crucial role in viral replication.Both core promoter and precore mutations rescue the virus from host immune surveillance and result in the formation of mutated strains that may have altered pathogenicity.preC/C mutations are associated with liver disease progression.Precore mutations stop hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)production and basal core promoter mutations downregulate HBeAg production.Mutations in the basal core promoter are also associated with increased HBV replication and an increased incidence of advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis and HCC.The emergence of antiviral-resistant mutations is the main reason for treatment failure.This review focuses mainly on preC/C promoter mutations and their correlation with genotypes and liver disease severity.Thorough perception and knowledge of HBV genetic variety and mutants could be vital to discover techniques for the prognosis and control of HBV infection.
文摘Pedalium murex Linn(family:Pedaliaceae)(P.murex) commonly known as Large Caltrops and Gokhru(India) is a shrub found in the Southern part.Deccan region of India and in some parts of Ceylon.Different parts of the plant are used to treat various ailments like,cough,cold and as an antiseptic.Interestingly.P.murex is reported traditionally to have an excellent cure in patients with reproductive disorders which are mainly impotency in men.nocturnal emissions,gonorrhoea as well as leucorrhoea in women.The plant has also benifiled in complications like urinary track disorder as well as gastro intestinal tract disorders.Phytochemically the plant is popular for the presence of a considerable amount of diosgenin and vanillin which are regarded as an important source and useful starting materials for synthesizing steroidal contraceptive drugs and isatin alkaloids.Other phytochemicals reported in the plant includes quercetin.ursolic acid,caffeic acid,amino acids(glycine,histidine,tyrosine,threonine,aspartie acid and glutamic acid) and various classes of fatty acids(triacontanoic acid,nonacosane.tritriacontane.tetratriacontanyl and heptatriacontan-4-one).Pharmacologically,the plant have been investigated for antiulcerogenic. nephroprotective.hypolipidemic,aphrodisiac,antioxidant,antimicrobial and insecticidal activities.From all these reports it can be concluded that the plant were found to have a better profile with potential natural source for the treatment of various range of either acute or chronic disease.The overall database of our review article was collected from the scientific sources in regards with all the information ol the research article for P.murex published so far.
基金Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science&Technology(DST),New Delhi,India for providing research fund under Ramanujan Fellowship/Award(SB/S2/RJN-159/2017)。
文摘The various methods for microwave processing of materials exhibit numerous advantages,such as short processing times,high yield,expanded reaction conditions,high reproducibility,and high purity of products.Microwave-assisted synthesis strategies have been widely adopted for the preparation of highperformance graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes.Metal oxides,mixed metal oxides,metal hydroxides,layered double hydroxides,carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers are some of the main materials which have been added to graphene derivatives for advanced composite/hybrid electrodes.This review article first provides a brief introduction and an overview of microwave heating and its advantages for processing graphene-based electrode materials.After that,a systematic survey of recently published research on microwave irradiation-assisted processing is presented,focusing on:(i)transformation of graphite/graphite oxide into graphene/graphene oxide by exfoliation and reduction;(ii)formation of graphene derivatives in various liquid and gaseous media;(iii)modification of graphene derivatives with various metal oxides/hydroxides,carbon nanotubes,and conducting polymers for use in supercapacitors.Major challenges and future perspectives for microwave-assisted processing of graphene-based materials for cutting-edge supercapacitor electrode applications are also summarized in the conclusion.
文摘This paper presents the predictive models for biped robot trajectory generation.Predictive models are parametrizing as a continuous function of joint angle trajectories.In a previous work,the authors had collected the human locomotion dataset at RAMAN Lab,MNIT,Jaipur,India.The MNIT gait dataset consists of walking data on a plane surface of 120 human subjects from different age groups and genders.Thirty-two machine learning models(linear,support vector,k-nearest neighbor,ensemble,probabilistic,and deep learning)trained using the collected dataset.In addition,two types of mapping,(a)one-to-one and(b)many-to-one,are presented for each model.These mapping models act as a reference policy for the control of joints and prediction of state for the next time instant in advance if the onboard sensor fails.Results show that the deep learning and probabilistic learning models perform better for both types of mappings.Also,the probabilistic model outperforms the deep learning-based models in terms of maximum error,because the probabilistic model effectively deals with the prediction uncertainty.In addition,many-to-one outperforms the one-to-one mapping because it captures the correlation between knee,hip,and ankle trajectories.Therefore,this study suggests a many-to-one mapping using the probabilistic model for biped robot trajectory generation.
文摘Cardiac Arrhythmias shows a condition of abnor-mal electrical activity in the heart which is a threat to humans. This paper presents a method to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, extract the fea-tures, for the classification of heart beats according to different arrhythmias. Data were obtained from 40 records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (only one lead). Cardiac arrhythmias which are found are Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Supraventricular Tachycardia, Incomplete Bundle Branch Block, Bundle Branch Block, Ventricular Tachycardia. A learning dataset for the neural network was obtained from a twenty records set which were manually classified using MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database Directory and docu- mentation, taking advantage of the professional experience of a cardiologist. Fast Fourier transforms are used to identify the peaks in the ECG signal and then Neural Networks are applied to identify the diseases. Levenberg Marquardt Back-Propagation algorithm is used to train the network. The results obtained have better efficiency then the previously proposed methods.
基金Sumera Malik acknowledges the University Grants Commission for senior research fellowship(GAP-1128)Dr.Sanket K.Shukla acknowledges the SERB-DST for Ramanujan Fellowship(SB/S2/RJN-078/2019)and project(GAP-2194).
文摘Objective: The current study evaluated various new colchicine analogs for their anticancer activity and to study the primary mechanism of apoptosis and in vivo antitumor activity of the analogs with selective anticancer properties and minimal toxicity to normal cells.Methods: Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay was used to screen various colchicine analogs for their in vitro cytotoxicity. The effect of N-[(7S)-1,2,3-trimethoxy-9-oxo-10-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a] heptalene-7-yl] acetamide(ⅢM-067) on clonogenicity, apoptotic induction, and invasiveness of A549 cells was determined using a clonogenic assay, scratch assay, and staining with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) and annexin V/propidium iodide. Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels were observed using fluorescence microscopy. Western blot analysis was used to quantify expression of proteins involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling. Pharmacokinetic and in vivo efficacy studies against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) and Ehrlich solid tumor models were conducted using Swiss albino mice.Results: ⅢM-067 showed potent cytotoxicity and better selectivity than all other colchicine analogs screened in this study. The selective activity of ⅢM-067 toward A549 cells was higher among other cancer cell lines,with a selectivity index(SI) value of 2.28. ⅢM-067 demonstrated concentration-and time-dependent cytotoxicity against A549 cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.207, 0.150 and0.106 μmol/L at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. It also had reduced toxicity to normal cells(SI > 1) than the parent compound colchicine(SI = 1). ⅢM-067 reduced the clonogenic ability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ⅢM-067 enhanced ROS production from 24.6% at 0.05 μmol/L to 82.1% at 0.4 μmol/L and substantially decreased the MMP(100% in control to 5.6% at 0.4 μmol/L). The annexin V-FITC assay demonstrated78% apoptosis at 0.4 μmol/L. ⅢM-067 significantly(P < 0.5) induced the expression of various intrinsic apoptotic pathway proteins, and it differentially regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore,ⅢM-067 exhibited remarkable in vivo anticancer activity against the murine EAC model, with tumor growth inhibition(TGI) of 67.0% at a dose of 6 mg/kg(i.p.) and a reduced mortality compared to colchicine. ⅢM-067also effectively inhibited the tumor growth in the murine solid tumor model with TGI rates of 48.10%, 55.68%and 44.00% at doses of 5 mg/kg(i.p.), 6 mg/kg(i.p.) and 7 mg/kg(p.o.), respectively.Conclusion: ⅢM-067 exhibited significant anticancer activity with reduced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising anticancer candidate. However, further studies are required in clinical settings to fully understand its potential.
文摘Background:?The role of chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer is constantly evolving?with various neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies. Several chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) namely Platinum based compounds (Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin), Fluoropyrimidines like 5-Flurouracil [(5-FU), Capecitabine)], Taxanes (Docetaxel) and Anthracyclines (Epirubicin). Various doublet and triplet combination chemotherapy regimens have been used for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in LAGCs. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel based triplet regimen DOF [Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil] in LAGC. Material and methods:?50 Newly diagnosed patients of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer (stage II or III) deemed fit to receive chemotherapy were included in our study. After 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, patients were assessed based on radiological and pathological response.?Results: 50 Patients were included in our study of which majority were male (32), median age at presentation was 55 years and 24 patients presented with a history of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). The most common hematological toxicities observed in our study were anemia (61.2%), neutropenia (42.6%, febrile neutropenia constituted 6%) and thrombocytopenia (13.2%). The most common gastro-intestinal [GI] toxicities observed in our study included nausea (69.2%), vomiting (31.2%), diarrhea (34%), oral mucositis (14%) and constipation (6.6%). We found that safety profile of DOF regimen was favorable with majority of patients tolerating the regimen well. The Overall Response Rate (68%), Disease Control Rate (96%) and Resectability Rate (80%) were higher compared to western studies. Pathological CR (17.5%), ypN0?disease status (42.5%) and nodal down staging (52%), all showed positive correlations with survival outcomes. Conclusion:?DOF regimen is an effective and feasible option for neoadjuvant treatment of LAGC in an Indian population.
文摘Non-enzymatic biosensors based on mixed transition metal oxides are deemed as the most promising devices due to their high sensitivity,selectivity,wide concentration range,low detection limits,and excellent recyclability.Spinel NiCo2O4 mixed oxides have drawn considerable attention recently due to their outstanding advantages including large specific surface area,high permeability,short electron,and ion diffusion pathways.Because of the rapid development of non-enzyme biosensors,the current state of methods for synthesis of pure and composite/hybrid NiCo2P4 materials and their subsequent electrochemical biosensing applications are systematically and comprehensively reviewed herein.Comparative analysis reveals better electrochemical sensing of bioanalytes by one-dimensional and two-dimensional NiCo2O4 nano-/microstructures than other morphologies.Better biosensing efficiency of NiCo2O4 as compared to corresponding individual metal oxides,viz.NiO and Co3O4,is attributed to the close intrinsic-state redox couples of Ni3+/Ni2+(0.58 V/0.49 V) and Co3+/Co2+(0.53 V/0.51 V).Biosensing performance of NiCo2O4 is also significantly improved by making the composites of NiCo2O4 with conducting carbonaceous materials like graphene,reduced graphene oxide,carbon nanotubes(single and multi-walled),carbon nanofibers;conducting polymers like polypyrrole(PPy),polyaniline(PANI);metal oxides NiO,Co3O4,SnO2,MnO2;and metals like Au,Pd,etc.Various factors affecting the morphologies and biosensing parameters of the nano-/microstructured NiCo2O4 are also highlighted.Finally,some drawbacks and future perspectives related to this promising field are outlined.
文摘Background: Insufficiency of vitamin D is one of the utmost general health issues all over the globe, including Pakistan;incompatible data are present on the possible relationship among serum vitamin D values and quality of semen. Objective: Lack of Vitamin D in body is related with a higher risk of various health problems including infertility. In our setup no such type of study had been conducted in the past on the relationship among serum vitamin D levels and infertility. This study was aimed to investigate male subjects with infertility and serum levels of vitamin D. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and performed on 243 male subjects who attended the clinic for evaluation of infertility from January 2016 to December 2017. Mean age of patients was 31.94 years with standard deviation of 7.52 years. The mean age of controls was 32.2 years with SD 8.42 years, age ranged between 20 years as minimum to 46 years as maximum. The minimum vitamin D level was 7.00 ng/dl while maximum 130 ng/dl, mean was 26.20 and standard deviation was 22.06 ng/ml. Levels of vitamin D were significantly low in (67%) male subjects with infertility. The mean vitamin D level of controls was 49.40 with SD of 35.98 ng/ml. 28% of controls had also vitamin D levels below the normal range, which indicates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population here in our setup. The participants were divided according to WHO (World Health Organization) 2010 criteria along with corresponding healthy control subjects. A questionnaire for evaluation of infertility in male subjects was filled by all the contestants. Results: Levels of vitamin D were significantly low in (67%) male subjects with infertility. While 28% of controls had also vitamin D levels below the normal range. Infertile male subjects with low or no sperm count were found insufficient for vitamin D in comparison to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of current study that low levels of vitamin D are related with abnormal male reproductive function, the severity of that was subject to the amount of vitamin D insufficiency.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1909217,U1709208)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LD21E050001)the Zhejiang Special Support Program for High-level Personnel Recruitment of China(No.2018R52034).
文摘The underlying study investigates single valued neutrosophic entropy based adaptive sensitive frequency band selection for variational mode decomposition(VMD)for the purpose of identifying defective components in an axial pump.The proposed methodology is applied in the following steps.First,VMD is applied for decomposing vibration signals into various frequency bands,called as modes.After computing energy of each VMD,the lower(minimum)and upper(maximum)bounds from these energy readings are extracted for defect conditions,such as outer race,inner race,worn piston,faulty cylinder and valve plate,and blocked hole of the piston.Thereafter,energy interval ranges are obtained and further converted into the form of single valued neutrosophic sets(SVNSs).Then,the proposed neutrosophic entropy measure is deployed for quantifying the non-linear connection between each bearing defect conditions and various frequency bands.The mode having maximum neutrosophic entropy value is designated to the“most sensitive”frequency band.Thereafter,envelope demodulation is applied to the most sensitive selected frequency band for finding defective components.The proposed neutrosophic entropy and VMD based methodology is effective in providing a better insight for selecting suitable frequency band for carrying out envelope demodulation in comparison to existing methods.
文摘Sacred groves preserve a rich religious and socio-cultural heritage of Indian biodiversity from primeval times,due to their values.They act as a bridge between man and nature.Groves help to improve soil quality,replenish water resources and are pivotal for biodiversity conservation of plants and animals including rare,endemic,threatened,vulnerable species and ethnobotanical species.Most of India's sacred groves are associated with a deity or a spiritual being,who protects the grove and local people.Vegetation cover of these groves has traditional ethnobotanical value,especially in the field of ethnomedicine,which accounts for the conservation of groves over the years.Numerous plant species from sacred groves are used according to tradition and culture to prevent or cure various health problems.However,modernisation,industrialisation,increased encroachment and misuse of forest resources increasingly threaten sacred groves.These treasures of nature must be conserved by formulating and applying new laws and policies while creating awareness among people about the value of sacred groves.Toward this aim,we review the distribution,ecological and socio-cultural significance of sacred groves of India and strategies to conserve them.
