Let H denote the class of complex-valued harmonic functions f defined in the open unit disc D and normalized by f(0)=fz(0)-1=0.In this paper,we define a new generalized subclass of H associated with the(p,q)-Ruschewey...Let H denote the class of complex-valued harmonic functions f defined in the open unit disc D and normalized by f(0)=fz(0)-1=0.In this paper,we define a new generalized subclass of H associated with the(p,q)-Ruscheweyh-type harmonic differential operator in D.We first obtain a sufficient coefficient condition that guarantees that a function f in H is sense-preserving harmonic univalent in D and belongs to the aforementioned class.Using this coefficient condition,we then examine ratios of partial sums of f in H.In all cases the results are sharp.In addition,the results so obtained generalize the related works of some authors,and many other new results are obtained.展开更多
We report the detection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO)of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.A type-B QPO was observed for the first two days and it dis...We report the detection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO)of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.A type-B QPO was observed for the first two days and it disappeared as flux increased,but again appeared at∼7.70 Hz when flux was dramatically decreased.The source was found in the soft intermediate state during these observations.We further studied the energy dependence of the QPO.We found that QPO was observed only for a higher energy range implying that the origin of QPO is possibly due to the corona emitting higher energy photons by the inverse Compton process.The variation of spectral parameters can be explained with the disk truncation model.The fractional rms was found to be monotonically increased with energy.The phase lag spectrum followed the“U-shaped”curve.The rms and phase lag spectrum are modeled and explained with the single-component Comptonization model vkompthdk.展开更多
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The long-term</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exposure </span><span ...Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The long-term</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exposure </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">treatment</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of many diseases. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">age</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> range from 26</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsequent to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> microwave-induced acid digestion. The results of Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, were observed </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">decrease in blood samples of breast cancer patients as compared to non-cancer subjects. The results are reliable with other numerous literature reported studies, the efficiency, and deficiency of these trace metals may contribute </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">important</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> role in the progress of breast cancer.</span>展开更多
Morphology controlled synthesis of nanoparticles of powerful high energetic compounds(HECs) such as l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazinane(RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX) were achieved by a simple solven...Morphology controlled synthesis of nanoparticles of powerful high energetic compounds(HECs) such as l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazinane(RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX) were achieved by a simple solvent—antisolvent interaction(SAI) method at 70 ℃.The effects of different solvents on particle size and morphology of the prepared nano-HECs were studied systematically.Particle size and morphology of the nano-HECs was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) imaging.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy studies revealed that RDX and HMX were precipitated in their most stable polymorphic forms,i.e.a and P,respectively.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC) studies showed that the thermal response of the nanoparticles was similar to the respective raw-HECs.HEC nanoparticles with spherical and rod shaped morphology were observed under different solvent conditions.The mean particle size also varied considerably with the use of different solvents.展开更多
Steroid hormone receptors （SHRs） act in cell type- and gene-specific manner through interactions with coregulatory proteins to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes at the level of gene regulati...Steroid hormone receptors （SHRs） act in cell type- and gene-specific manner through interactions with coregulatory proteins to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes at the level of gene regulation. Binding of steroid receptor modulator （SRM） ligand leads to allosteric changes in SHR to exert positive or negative effects on the expression of target genes. Due, in part, to the fact that current SRMs generally target ligand binding domain （LBD）/AF2 and neglect intrinsically disordered （ID） N-terminal domain （NTD）/AF1, clinically relevant SRMs lack selectivity and are also prone to the development of resistance over time. Therefore, to maximize the efficacy of SHR-based therapeutics, the possibility of developing unique modulators that act to control AF1 activity must be considered. Recent studies targeting androgen receptor＇s （AR＇s） ID AF1 domain for the castration-resistant prostate cancer has provided the possibility of therapeutically targeting ID NTD/AF1 surfaces by allosteric modulations to achieve desired effects. In this review article, we discuss how inter- and intra- molecular allosteric regulations controlled by AR＇s structural flexibility and dynamics particularly the ID NTD/AF1 is an emerging area of investigation, which could be exploited for drug development and therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer.展开更多
There are several types of leukemia which are characterized by the abnormal growth of cells from the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Because of their lympholytic actions, glucocorticoids(GCs) are included in many therape...There are several types of leukemia which are characterized by the abnormal growth of cells from the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Because of their lympholytic actions, glucocorticoids(GCs) are included in many therapeutic regimens for the treatment of various forms of leukemia. Although a significant number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients respond well to GC treatment during initial phases; prolonged treatments sometimes results in steroid-resistance. The exact mechanism of this resistance has yet not been completely elucidated, but a correlation between functional GC receptor expression levels and steroidresistance in patients has been found. In recent years, several other mechanisms of action have been reported that could play an important role in the development of such drug resistances in leukemia. Therefore, a better understanding of how leukemic patients develop drug resistance should result in drugs designed appropriately to treat these patients.展开更多
AIM： To determine the correlation of Adjusted Blood Requirement Index （ABRI） with the 7th day outcome in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding.METHODS： All patients presenting with acute variceal hemorr...AIM： To determine the correlation of Adjusted Blood Requirement Index （ABRI） with the 7th day outcome in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding.METHODS： All patients presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage （AVH） were included. Patients with previous band ligation, sclerotherapy, gastrointestinal or hepatic malignancies were excluded. Patients were managed as per standard protocol for AVH with terlipressin and band ligation. ABRI scores were calculated using the formula outcome of alive or expired up to the 7th day after treatment. The correlation between ABRI and mortality was estimated and a receiver operative characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted.RESULTS： A total of 113 patients （76 male; 37 female） were included. On assessment, 18 were in Child＇s Pugh Class A, 82 in Class B and 13 were in Class C. The median number of blood units transfused ± inter-quartile range was 3.0 ± 2.0. The median ± inter-quartile range for ABRI was 1.3 ± 1.1. The ROC curve of ABRI for expiry showed a significantly large area of 0.848 （P 〈 0.0001; 95% CI： 0.75-0.95）. A significant correlation of log transformation of ABRI with an outcome of mortality was present （P 〈 0.0001）.展开更多
The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters like ultrasonic velocities and Grüneisen parameters in americium monopnictides AmY (Y: N, P, As, Sb and Bi) have been studied for longitudinal and shear wav...The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters like ultrasonic velocities and Grüneisen parameters in americium monopnictides AmY (Y: N, P, As, Sb and Bi) have been studied for longitudinal and shear waves along , and crystallographic directions in the temperature range 100 K - 500 K. The second- and third- order elastic constants have also been evaluated for these monopnictides using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential. The values of elastic constants are the highest for AmN. Hence the mechanical properties of AmN are better than other monopnictides AmP, AmAs, AmSb and AmBi. Ultrasonic velocity is found large for AmP. So the ultrasonic wave propagation will be much better than others in AmP. Obtained results are compared with available results of same type of materials.展开更多
As of August 16,2021,there have been 207,173,086 confirmed cases and 4,361,996 deaths due to the coronavirus disease(COVID-19),and the pandemic remains a global challenge.To date,no effective and approved drugs are av...As of August 16,2021,there have been 207,173,086 confirmed cases and 4,361,996 deaths due to the coronavirus disease(COVID-19),and the pandemic remains a global challenge.To date,no effective and approved drugs are available for the treatment of COVID-19.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)plays a crucial role in the invasion into host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of COVID-19.Notably,ACE2 density is influenced by medical conditions,such as hypertension,or by drugs,including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)and angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs),which can change the fate of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.ACE2 is a target for these drugs and can be manipulated to limit the viral entry and replication within the cells.Different strategies aimed at blocking ACE2 with small molecules,peptides,and antibodies,or by neutralizing the virus through its competitive binding with human recombinant soluble ACE2(hrsACE2)are currently under investigation.In this article,we review the current state of knowledge that emphasizes the need to find effective therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by exploiting ACE2 as a potential target.The increased soluble ACE2 levels and the application of hrsACE2 in patients with COVID-19 can be implemented to control the disease.It has not yet been established whether hypertension and other comorbidities,independent of age,have a direct role in COVID-19.Therefore,the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors,ACEIs and ARBs,should not be discontinued during COVID-19 treatment.展开更多
Mountainous regions of the globe experience landslides due to heavy rainfall and unplanned construction on slopes. Geojute is adopted globally as a landslide rehabilitation measure, but its impact on natural vegetatio...Mountainous regions of the globe experience landslides due to heavy rainfall and unplanned construction on slopes. Geojute is adopted globally as a landslide rehabilitation measure, but its impact on natural vegetation development is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of geojute application on vegetation restoration, ecology and carbon stock in a recently occurred landslide, during 2012. The results revealed that the geojute application improved the richness, diversity, density and basal area of plant species at the landslide site. Likewise, biomass production, carbon stock and carbon sequestration of plant species was observed significantly higher in geojute treatments compared to control(without geojute treatment). Moreover, significant improvement in soil moisture was recorded beneath the geojute treatments. Further, results showed that the geojute is highly effective in controlling soil erosion at the landslide site. The findings of this study revealed ecological and environmental benefits of geojute application in term of improvement in vegetation recovery processes, species diversity and carbon sequestration at the landslide site. The scientific outcome of this study can be helpful for planning the rehabilitation measures in landslide affected regions of the globe.展开更多
In the present work, the new exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system have been found. The system has extensive physical background. The exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system are investigated ...In the present work, the new exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system have been found. The system has extensive physical background. The exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system are investigated using similarity transformation method via Lie group theory. Lie symmetry generators are used for constructing similarity variables for the given system of partial differential equations, which lead to the new system of partial differentiaJ equations with one variable less at each step and eventually to a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs）. Finally, these ODEs are solved exactly. The exact solutions are obtained under some parametric restrictions. The elastic behavior of the soliton solutions is shown graphically by taking some appropriate choices of the arbitrary functions involved in the solutions.展开更多
A compact Ultra-WideBand(UWB) slot antenna is presented in this paper. The slot is modified rectangular in shape and asymmetrically cut in the ground plane. A hexagonal patch with two stepped CoPlanar Waveguide(CPW) f...A compact Ultra-WideBand(UWB) slot antenna is presented in this paper. The slot is modified rectangular in shape and asymmetrically cut in the ground plane. A hexagonal patch with two stepped CoPlanar Waveguide(CPW) feed is used to excite the slot. Wider impedance bandwidth is achieved due to the extra inductive reactance created by the asymmetric slot which neutralizes the capacitive reactance of the hexagonal patch. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 11.85 GHz(2.9–14.75 GHz). The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are obtained and found to be omni-directional in H-plane and bi-directional in E-plane.展开更多
In this paper, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters like ultrasonic velocities and Grüneisen parameters in californium monopnictides CfY (Y: N, As and Sb) for longitudinal ...In this paper, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters like ultrasonic velocities and Grüneisen parameters in californium monopnictides CfY (Y: N, As and Sb) for longitudinal and shear waves along , and crystallographic directions in the temperature range 100–500K. For the same evaluation the second- and third- order elastic constants have also been computed for these monopnictides using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential upto second nearest neighborhood. The mechanical properties and stability of CfN is best, because of its high valued elastic constants. Ultrasonic velocity is found to be highest for CfAs along all chosen directions, so CfAs will be most suitable compound for wave propagation. The obtained results of present investigation are discussed in along with identified thermophysical properties.展开更多
A new ultawideband circular fractal antenna with notched-band characteristics is presented. A notched-band characteristic is achieved by employing a U-shape slot in 50 Ω feed lines. The ultra-wideband impedance match...A new ultawideband circular fractal antenna with notched-band characteristics is presented. A notched-band characteristic is achieved by employing a U-shape slot in 50 Ω feed lines. The ultra-wideband impedance matching and compact size have been obtained by using CPW-feed technique and the fractal concept. The measured result of proposed fractal antenna exhibits the ultra wideband characteristics from 3.0 to 18.0 GHz at VSWR 2:1 except notched-band frequency. The proposed antenna has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally with respect to design parameters. The measured radiation pattern of fractal antenna is nearly omnidirectional in azimuth plane throughout the operating frequency. This antenna is useful for UBW communication system.展开更多
Background：In mid hills of Western Himalayas,Himachal Pradesh India,growth,yield and economics of Solanum khasianum as a potential medicinal herb under Pinus roxburghii（Chir pine） plantation has been studied for tw...Background：In mid hills of Western Himalayas,Himachal Pradesh India,growth,yield and economics of Solanum khasianum as a potential medicinal herb under Pinus roxburghii（Chir pine） plantation has been studied for two consecutive years to assess the performance of Solanum khasianum in undercanopy of Pinus roxburghii for developing Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based innovative silvi-medicinal system.Methods：Growth parameters such as plant height,number of branches per plant and leaf area index followed by yield were estimated after Solanum khasianum was grown on three topographical aspects as;Northern,North- western and Western at a spacing of 45 cm x 45 cm,followed by three tillage depths as;minimum（0 cm）,medium（up to 10 cm）and deep tillage（up to 15 cm）,in open and below canopy conditions treatment.The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using Solanum khasianum based silvi-medicinal system to utilize the below canopy of Chir pine forest for enhancing the productivity of forests besides the conservation of the medicinal herb.Results：The growth parameters such as plant height,number of branches per plant and leaf area index were nonsignificantly affected by topographical aspects and tillage practices,both below canopy and open conditions except fresh weight and dry weight of berries during harvesting stage.The maximum yield（0.61 t·ha^（-1）） was observed on Western aspect in open conditions as compared to below canopy of Chir pine.The highest gross returns were observed for the crop cultivated on Western aspect under deep tillage in open conditions than other aspect and tillage combinations.However the positive net returns from the crops raised in below canopy of Chir pine indicates its possible economic viability under agroforestry system as the gross returns was higher than the cost of cultivation.Conclusion：Solanum khasianum when grown in below canopy of Pinus roxburghii,its growth and yield indicated positive net returns.Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based silvi-medicinal system has the potential to enhance the overall productivity of Chir pine forest.This silvi-medicinal system gives scope for utilizing floor Chir pine forests for growth and production of Solanum khasianum beside conservation of the medicinal herb.展开更多
Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of...Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of a STHSC consisting of a ZnO/Cu2O subcell on top of a silicon-based subcell were studied by optical modelling. Cu2O is a direct-gap p-type semiconductor which is attractive for application in solar cells due to its high absorptance of ultra-violet and visible light, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility. Highly Al-doped ZnO and undoped Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. Thermal annealing of the Cu2O layer at 900°C enhances the electrical properties and reduces optical absorption, presumably as a result of increased grain size. Hall effect measurements show that the majority carrier (hole) mobility increases from 10 to 50 cm2/V×s and the resistivity decreases from 560 to 200 Ω×cm after annealing. A Cu2O absorber layer of 2 μm thickness will generate about 10 mA/cm2 of photocurrent under AM1.5G illumination. The optical analysis of the STHSC involved calculating the spectral curves for absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the ZnO/Cu2O subcell. The complex refractive indices of the thin films were derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and implemented in the simulation model. The lowest reflectance and highest transmittance for the ZnO/Cu2O subcell are obtained for a thickness of approximately 80 nm for both the top and bottom AZO layers. The SiNx anti-reflection coating for the c-Si bottom subcell must be optimized to accommodate the shift of the photon spectrum towards longer wavelengths. By increasing the thickness of the SiNx layer from 80 nm to 120 nm, the total reflectance for the STHSC device is reduced from 12.7% to 9.7%.展开更多
During liver injury,intrahepatic macrophage compartment is augmented by circulating monocytes that infiltrate the liver driven by C-C motif chemokine ligand/C-C motif chemokine receptor(CCL/CCR)axis including CCL1‒CCR...During liver injury,intrahepatic macrophage compartment is augmented by circulating monocytes that infiltrate the liver driven by C-C motif chemokine ligand/C-C motif chemokine receptor(CCL/CCR)axis including CCL1‒CCR8 axis,thereby contributing to liver inflammation.Numerous small molecular receptor antagonists,including R243,have been developed for targeting CCR8;however,these agents face challenges in clinical translation,potentially attributed to their poor pharmacokinetic profiles,lack of target specificity,and potential adverse effects.In this study,we designed four CCR8 antagonizing peptides(AP8i-AP8iv)and performed molecular characterization in silico and therapeutic investigation in vitro and in vivo.Based on in silico docking,molecular dynamic simulation using homology build model and in-vitro(competitive)binding studies,AP8ii(YEWRFYHG)evidenced highly favorable and selective interactions at the CCR8-active site.AP8ii inhibited CCL1-driven chemotaxis and LPS/IFNg-induced pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes-macrophages in vitro.In a CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model,AP8ii treatment decreased intrahepatic infiltration of circulating monocytes.Moreover,AP8ii reduced liver inflammation,as indicated by decreased F4/80,IL6 and iNOS expression,diminished ALT levels,and attenuated fibrosis,as indicated by reduced collagen-I expression.In conclusion,we report a novel CCR8-antagonizing peptide that inhibited CCL1-driven intrahepatic monocytes infiltration and differentiation into pro-inflammatory phenotype,consequently ameliorating liver inflammation and fibrogenesis in an acute liver injury mouse model.展开更多
The ground state properties of finite,bulk matter,and neutron stars are investigated using a proposed effective interaction(HPU4)of the relativistic mean field model(RMF)that incorporates self and cross-couplings ofσ...The ground state properties of finite,bulk matter,and neutron stars are investigated using a proposed effective interaction(HPU4)of the relativistic mean field model(RMF)that incorporates self and cross-couplings ofσ,ω,andρmesons with nucleons.This interaction has been constructed by fitting data on binding energies and charge radii of finite nuclei,neutron skin (Δr_(np)) of^(48)Ca nucleus,and astrophysical observations of the maximum masses of neutron stars.Δr_(np)(^48Ca)=0.146±0.019 fm is achieved with soft symmetry energy(J_(0)=27.91±1.31 MeV)and its corresponding slope(L_(0)=42.85±14.26 MeV)at saturation density.An equation of state(EoS)with a composition ofβ-equilibrated nucleonic and leptonic matter is computed.The nuclear matter and neutron star properties are also analyzed for this interaction and agree well with the astrophysical observations,such as the NICER and GW170817 events.We also perform a statistical analysis to estimate the theoretical errors in coupling parameters and neutron star observables and to determine the correlation coefficients.We observe that the neutron skins of ^(208)Pb and ^(48)Ca are strongly correlated and exhibit a strong dependence on J_(0),L(0)and the curvature of symmetry energy(K_(sym))as suggested from their correlations.A strong correlation of canonical mass neutron star radius,R1.4 with ρ-meson-nucleon coupling quantified by the term gpN and mixed interaction terms σ_(μ)ρ^(μ) and σ^(2)ρ_(μ)ρ^(μ) is also observed.展开更多
The search for heavy elements has yielded many surprises and enhanced our knowledge of nuclear synthesis and associated dynamical aspects.Although new elements and their associated isotopes have been synthesized,infor...The search for heavy elements has yielded many surprises and enhanced our knowledge of nuclear synthesis and associated dynamical aspects.Although new elements and their associated isotopes have been synthesized,information concerning elements with Z≥102,remains scarce.Further,concerning the transfermium elements,the nuclear shell structure is key to ensuring nuclear stability.Hence,the shell effects have key implications on such nuclei.Many experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to examine the reactions induced by heavy ions and the subsequent decay mechanisms in the superheavy mass region.In addition,the region of transfermium elements is of great interest because of the neutron/proton shell effects.Here,our objective is to analyze the decay mechanisms of nuclides having Z=102 nuclei,i.e.,^(248)No*and^(250)No*.An extensive study was conducted using the dynamical cluster-decay model(DCM)based on Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory(QMFT).The focus was to investigate compound nucleus(CN)and non-compound nucleus(nCN)mechanisms,including fusion-fission(ff),quasi-fission(QF),and fast fission(FF).The specific isotopes of interest are^(248)No*and^(250)No*,with attention given to the role of the center-of-mass energy(E_(c.m))and angular momentum(l).The nuclear interaction potential was derived using the Skyrme energy density formalism(SEDF)with the GSkI force parameters.The capture cross-sections were calculated using the-summed Wong Model.The determination of the probability of compound nucleus formation(PCN)involved a function that is dependent upon the center-of-mass energy.The lifetimes of the ff and QF channels were also investigated.Here,CN and nCN decay mechanisms for two isotopes of Z=102 nobelium were analyzed over the range of center-of-mass values(E_(c.m))considering the quadrupole deformationβ_(2)and optimum orientations(θ_(opt))of the decaying fragments.The fragmentation potential,preformation probability,neck length parameter,and reaction cross-sections were explored.Further,PCN was calculated to determine the mechanisms of decay of^(248)No*and^(250)No*isotopes.The obtained fusion–fission lifetimes and quasi-fission lifetimes are compared with the dinuclear system(DNS)approach.Among the considered isotopes having Z=102,i.e.,the^(248)No*formed in the 40Ca+208Pb reaction and^(250)No*formed via two different entrance channels,44Ca+206Pb and 64Ni+186W,show asymmetric fragmentation with the effect ofβ_(2)deformation at the energies beyond the Coulomb barrier.Of note,the nCN(QF and FF)decay mechanisms compete with the CN fission channels.The calculations based on the DCM show a strong correlation with the experimental data.The most probable fragments,such as 122Sn and 128Te,were observed near the magic shell closure at Z=50 and N=82.Further,as the excitation energy increased,the fusion–fission and quasi-fission lifetimes decreased.展开更多
Several studies on fusion reaction dynamics focused on the impact of quadrupole β_(2)^(±)deformation.However,existing literature highlights the importance of the octupole β_(3)^(±)and hexadecapole β_(4)^(...Several studies on fusion reaction dynamics focused on the impact of quadrupole β_(2)^(±)deformation.However,existing literature highlights the importance of the octupole β_(3)^(±)and hexadecapole β_(4)^(±)deformations associated with both the projectile and target nuclei.However,the collective influence of these deformations(β2,β3,andβ_(4)) on the fusion reaction dynamics has not been examined explicitly.In this study,we investigated the collective influence of higher-order deformations up to β_(4)on the barrier characteristics,in particular V_(B),R_(B),and hω,and their impact on the fusion cross-sections of heavy-ion induced reactions in the mass range 163 ≤A ≤182.The reactions were examined at both compact and elongated configurations of the deformed nuclei.Heavy ion-induced reactions,which consist of target nuclei with higher-order deformations up to β_(4),reveal a notable alteration in the barrier characteristics VBand RB,along with a significant change in orientation θ_(i) for both compact and elongated configurations.In addition,the incorporation of deformations up to β_(4)and their corresponding orientations θicontributes to enhanced capture cross-sections σcapas well as integrated cross-sections σint.,resulting in better agreement with experimental data for^(16)O-induced reactions with^(148)Nd,^(149-150)Sm,and^(32)S-induced reactions with150Sm.We conclude that the incorporation of deformations of all orders up to β_(4)at their optimized compact and elongated configurations is essential because it provides better outcomes compared to the optimized configurations of β2and β3deformed nuclei.展开更多
文摘Let H denote the class of complex-valued harmonic functions f defined in the open unit disc D and normalized by f(0)=fz(0)-1=0.In this paper,we define a new generalized subclass of H associated with the(p,q)-Ruscheweyh-type harmonic differential operator in D.We first obtain a sufficient coefficient condition that guarantees that a function f in H is sense-preserving harmonic univalent in D and belongs to the aforementioned class.Using this coefficient condition,we then examine ratios of partial sums of f in H.In all cases the results are sharp.In addition,the results so obtained generalize the related works of some authors,and many other new results are obtained.
文摘We report the detection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO)of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.A type-B QPO was observed for the first two days and it disappeared as flux increased,but again appeared at∼7.70 Hz when flux was dramatically decreased.The source was found in the soft intermediate state during these observations.We further studied the energy dependence of the QPO.We found that QPO was observed only for a higher energy range implying that the origin of QPO is possibly due to the corona emitting higher energy photons by the inverse Compton process.The variation of spectral parameters can be explained with the disk truncation model.The fractional rms was found to be monotonically increased with energy.The phase lag spectrum followed the“U-shaped”curve.The rms and phase lag spectrum are modeled and explained with the single-component Comptonization model vkompthdk.
文摘Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The long-term</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exposure </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">treatment</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of many diseases. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">age</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> range from 26</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsequent to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> microwave-induced acid digestion. The results of Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, were observed </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">decrease in blood samples of breast cancer patients as compared to non-cancer subjects. The results are reliable with other numerous literature reported studies, the efficiency, and deficiency of these trace metals may contribute </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">important</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> role in the progress of breast cancer.</span>
基金Financial assistance from ARMREB(DRDO) under grant No.ARMREB/CDSW/2012/149
文摘Morphology controlled synthesis of nanoparticles of powerful high energetic compounds(HECs) such as l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazinane(RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocane(HMX) were achieved by a simple solvent—antisolvent interaction(SAI) method at 70 ℃.The effects of different solvents on particle size and morphology of the prepared nano-HECs were studied systematically.Particle size and morphology of the nano-HECs was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) imaging.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy studies revealed that RDX and HMX were precipitated in their most stable polymorphic forms,i.e.a and P,respectively.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC) studies showed that the thermal response of the nanoparticles was similar to the respective raw-HECs.HEC nanoparticles with spherical and rod shaped morphology were observed under different solvent conditions.The mean particle size also varied considerably with the use of different solvents.
文摘Steroid hormone receptors （SHRs） act in cell type- and gene-specific manner through interactions with coregulatory proteins to regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes at the level of gene regulation. Binding of steroid receptor modulator （SRM） ligand leads to allosteric changes in SHR to exert positive or negative effects on the expression of target genes. Due, in part, to the fact that current SRMs generally target ligand binding domain （LBD）/AF2 and neglect intrinsically disordered （ID） N-terminal domain （NTD）/AF1, clinically relevant SRMs lack selectivity and are also prone to the development of resistance over time. Therefore, to maximize the efficacy of SHR-based therapeutics, the possibility of developing unique modulators that act to control AF1 activity must be considered. Recent studies targeting androgen receptor＇s （AR＇s） ID AF1 domain for the castration-resistant prostate cancer has provided the possibility of therapeutically targeting ID NTD/AF1 surfaces by allosteric modulations to achieve desired effects. In this review article, we discuss how inter- and intra- molecular allosteric regulations controlled by AR＇s structural flexibility and dynamics particularly the ID NTD/AF1 is an emerging area of investigation, which could be exploited for drug development and therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer.
文摘There are several types of leukemia which are characterized by the abnormal growth of cells from the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Because of their lympholytic actions, glucocorticoids(GCs) are included in many therapeutic regimens for the treatment of various forms of leukemia. Although a significant number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients respond well to GC treatment during initial phases; prolonged treatments sometimes results in steroid-resistance. The exact mechanism of this resistance has yet not been completely elucidated, but a correlation between functional GC receptor expression levels and steroidresistance in patients has been found. In recent years, several other mechanisms of action have been reported that could play an important role in the development of such drug resistances in leukemia. Therefore, a better understanding of how leukemic patients develop drug resistance should result in drugs designed appropriately to treat these patients.
文摘AIM： To determine the correlation of Adjusted Blood Requirement Index （ABRI） with the 7th day outcome in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding.METHODS： All patients presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage （AVH） were included. Patients with previous band ligation, sclerotherapy, gastrointestinal or hepatic malignancies were excluded. Patients were managed as per standard protocol for AVH with terlipressin and band ligation. ABRI scores were calculated using the formula outcome of alive or expired up to the 7th day after treatment. The correlation between ABRI and mortality was estimated and a receiver operative characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted.RESULTS： A total of 113 patients （76 male; 37 female） were included. On assessment, 18 were in Child＇s Pugh Class A, 82 in Class B and 13 were in Class C. The median number of blood units transfused ± inter-quartile range was 3.0 ± 2.0. The median ± inter-quartile range for ABRI was 1.3 ± 1.1. The ROC curve of ABRI for expiry showed a significantly large area of 0.848 （P 〈 0.0001; 95% CI： 0.75-0.95）. A significant correlation of log transformation of ABRI with an outcome of mortality was present （P 〈 0.0001）.
文摘The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters like ultrasonic velocities and Grüneisen parameters in americium monopnictides AmY (Y: N, P, As, Sb and Bi) have been studied for longitudinal and shear waves along , and crystallographic directions in the temperature range 100 K - 500 K. The second- and third- order elastic constants have also been evaluated for these monopnictides using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential. The values of elastic constants are the highest for AmN. Hence the mechanical properties of AmN are better than other monopnictides AmP, AmAs, AmSb and AmBi. Ultrasonic velocity is found large for AmP. So the ultrasonic wave propagation will be much better than others in AmP. Obtained results are compared with available results of same type of materials.
文摘As of August 16,2021,there have been 207,173,086 confirmed cases and 4,361,996 deaths due to the coronavirus disease(COVID-19),and the pandemic remains a global challenge.To date,no effective and approved drugs are available for the treatment of COVID-19.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)plays a crucial role in the invasion into host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of COVID-19.Notably,ACE2 density is influenced by medical conditions,such as hypertension,or by drugs,including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)and angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs),which can change the fate of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.ACE2 is a target for these drugs and can be manipulated to limit the viral entry and replication within the cells.Different strategies aimed at blocking ACE2 with small molecules,peptides,and antibodies,or by neutralizing the virus through its competitive binding with human recombinant soluble ACE2(hrsACE2)are currently under investigation.In this article,we review the current state of knowledge that emphasizes the need to find effective therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by exploiting ACE2 as a potential target.The increased soluble ACE2 levels and the application of hrsACE2 in patients with COVID-19 can be implemented to control the disease.It has not yet been established whether hypertension and other comorbidities,independent of age,have a direct role in COVID-19.Therefore,the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors,ACEIs and ARBs,should not be discontinued during COVID-19 treatment.
基金Common Fund for Commodities and the OPEC Fund for International Development for funding to carry out this study in collaboration with National Jute Board,Kolkata,India and Jute Diversification Promotion Centre,Bangladesh
文摘Mountainous regions of the globe experience landslides due to heavy rainfall and unplanned construction on slopes. Geojute is adopted globally as a landslide rehabilitation measure, but its impact on natural vegetation development is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of geojute application on vegetation restoration, ecology and carbon stock in a recently occurred landslide, during 2012. The results revealed that the geojute application improved the richness, diversity, density and basal area of plant species at the landslide site. Likewise, biomass production, carbon stock and carbon sequestration of plant species was observed significantly higher in geojute treatments compared to control(without geojute treatment). Moreover, significant improvement in soil moisture was recorded beneath the geojute treatments. Further, results showed that the geojute is highly effective in controlling soil erosion at the landslide site. The findings of this study revealed ecological and environmental benefits of geojute application in term of improvement in vegetation recovery processes, species diversity and carbon sequestration at the landslide site. The scientific outcome of this study can be helpful for planning the rehabilitation measures in landslide affected regions of the globe.
文摘In the present work, the new exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system have been found. The system has extensive physical background. The exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system are investigated using similarity transformation method via Lie group theory. Lie symmetry generators are used for constructing similarity variables for the given system of partial differential equations, which lead to the new system of partial differentiaJ equations with one variable less at each step and eventually to a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs）. Finally, these ODEs are solved exactly. The exact solutions are obtained under some parametric restrictions. The elastic behavior of the soliton solutions is shown graphically by taking some appropriate choices of the arbitrary functions involved in the solutions.
文摘A compact Ultra-WideBand(UWB) slot antenna is presented in this paper. The slot is modified rectangular in shape and asymmetrically cut in the ground plane. A hexagonal patch with two stepped CoPlanar Waveguide(CPW) feed is used to excite the slot. Wider impedance bandwidth is achieved due to the extra inductive reactance created by the asymmetric slot which neutralizes the capacitive reactance of the hexagonal patch. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 11.85 GHz(2.9–14.75 GHz). The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are obtained and found to be omni-directional in H-plane and bi-directional in E-plane.
文摘In this paper, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters like ultrasonic velocities and Grüneisen parameters in californium monopnictides CfY (Y: N, As and Sb) for longitudinal and shear waves along , and crystallographic directions in the temperature range 100–500K. For the same evaluation the second- and third- order elastic constants have also been computed for these monopnictides using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential upto second nearest neighborhood. The mechanical properties and stability of CfN is best, because of its high valued elastic constants. Ultrasonic velocity is found to be highest for CfAs along all chosen directions, so CfAs will be most suitable compound for wave propagation. The obtained results of present investigation are discussed in along with identified thermophysical properties.
文摘A new ultawideband circular fractal antenna with notched-band characteristics is presented. A notched-band characteristic is achieved by employing a U-shape slot in 50 Ω feed lines. The ultra-wideband impedance matching and compact size have been obtained by using CPW-feed technique and the fractal concept. The measured result of proposed fractal antenna exhibits the ultra wideband characteristics from 3.0 to 18.0 GHz at VSWR 2:1 except notched-band frequency. The proposed antenna has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally with respect to design parameters. The measured radiation pattern of fractal antenna is nearly omnidirectional in azimuth plane throughout the operating frequency. This antenna is useful for UBW communication system.
文摘Background：In mid hills of Western Himalayas,Himachal Pradesh India,growth,yield and economics of Solanum khasianum as a potential medicinal herb under Pinus roxburghii（Chir pine） plantation has been studied for two consecutive years to assess the performance of Solanum khasianum in undercanopy of Pinus roxburghii for developing Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based innovative silvi-medicinal system.Methods：Growth parameters such as plant height,number of branches per plant and leaf area index followed by yield were estimated after Solanum khasianum was grown on three topographical aspects as;Northern,North- western and Western at a spacing of 45 cm x 45 cm,followed by three tillage depths as;minimum（0 cm）,medium（up to 10 cm）and deep tillage（up to 15 cm）,in open and below canopy conditions treatment.The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using Solanum khasianum based silvi-medicinal system to utilize the below canopy of Chir pine forest for enhancing the productivity of forests besides the conservation of the medicinal herb.Results：The growth parameters such as plant height,number of branches per plant and leaf area index were nonsignificantly affected by topographical aspects and tillage practices,both below canopy and open conditions except fresh weight and dry weight of berries during harvesting stage.The maximum yield（0.61 t·ha^（-1）） was observed on Western aspect in open conditions as compared to below canopy of Chir pine.The highest gross returns were observed for the crop cultivated on Western aspect under deep tillage in open conditions than other aspect and tillage combinations.However the positive net returns from the crops raised in below canopy of Chir pine indicates its possible economic viability under agroforestry system as the gross returns was higher than the cost of cultivation.Conclusion：Solanum khasianum when grown in below canopy of Pinus roxburghii,its growth and yield indicated positive net returns.Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based silvi-medicinal system has the potential to enhance the overall productivity of Chir pine forest.This silvi-medicinal system gives scope for utilizing floor Chir pine forests for growth and production of Solanum khasianum beside conservation of the medicinal herb.
基金conducted under the research project“High-performance tandem heterojunction solar cells for specific applications(SOLHET)”,financially supported by the Research Council of Norway(RCN)and the Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education,Research,Development and Innovation Funding(UEFISCDI)through the M-Era.net program.
文摘Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of a STHSC consisting of a ZnO/Cu2O subcell on top of a silicon-based subcell were studied by optical modelling. Cu2O is a direct-gap p-type semiconductor which is attractive for application in solar cells due to its high absorptance of ultra-violet and visible light, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility. Highly Al-doped ZnO and undoped Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. Thermal annealing of the Cu2O layer at 900°C enhances the electrical properties and reduces optical absorption, presumably as a result of increased grain size. Hall effect measurements show that the majority carrier (hole) mobility increases from 10 to 50 cm2/V×s and the resistivity decreases from 560 to 200 Ω×cm after annealing. A Cu2O absorber layer of 2 μm thickness will generate about 10 mA/cm2 of photocurrent under AM1.5G illumination. The optical analysis of the STHSC involved calculating the spectral curves for absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the ZnO/Cu2O subcell. The complex refractive indices of the thin films were derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and implemented in the simulation model. The lowest reflectance and highest transmittance for the ZnO/Cu2O subcell are obtained for a thickness of approximately 80 nm for both the top and bottom AZO layers. The SiNx anti-reflection coating for the c-Si bottom subcell must be optimized to accommodate the shift of the photon spectrum towards longer wavelengths. By increasing the thickness of the SiNx layer from 80 nm to 120 nm, the total reflectance for the STHSC device is reduced from 12.7% to 9.7%.
文摘During liver injury,intrahepatic macrophage compartment is augmented by circulating monocytes that infiltrate the liver driven by C-C motif chemokine ligand/C-C motif chemokine receptor(CCL/CCR)axis including CCL1‒CCR8 axis,thereby contributing to liver inflammation.Numerous small molecular receptor antagonists,including R243,have been developed for targeting CCR8;however,these agents face challenges in clinical translation,potentially attributed to their poor pharmacokinetic profiles,lack of target specificity,and potential adverse effects.In this study,we designed four CCR8 antagonizing peptides(AP8i-AP8iv)and performed molecular characterization in silico and therapeutic investigation in vitro and in vivo.Based on in silico docking,molecular dynamic simulation using homology build model and in-vitro(competitive)binding studies,AP8ii(YEWRFYHG)evidenced highly favorable and selective interactions at the CCR8-active site.AP8ii inhibited CCL1-driven chemotaxis and LPS/IFNg-induced pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes-macrophages in vitro.In a CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model,AP8ii treatment decreased intrahepatic infiltration of circulating monocytes.Moreover,AP8ii reduced liver inflammation,as indicated by decreased F4/80,IL6 and iNOS expression,diminished ALT levels,and attenuated fibrosis,as indicated by reduced collagen-I expression.In conclusion,we report a novel CCR8-antagonizing peptide that inhibited CCL1-driven intrahepatic monocytes infiltration and differentiation into pro-inflammatory phenotype,consequently ameliorating liver inflammation and fibrogenesis in an acute liver injury mouse model.
基金Sunil Kumar is highly thankful to CSIR-UGC(Govt.of India)for providing financial assistance(NTA/211610029883 dated 19/04/2022)under the Junior/Senior Research Fellowship scheme。
文摘The ground state properties of finite,bulk matter,and neutron stars are investigated using a proposed effective interaction(HPU4)of the relativistic mean field model(RMF)that incorporates self and cross-couplings ofσ,ω,andρmesons with nucleons.This interaction has been constructed by fitting data on binding energies and charge radii of finite nuclei,neutron skin (Δr_(np)) of^(48)Ca nucleus,and astrophysical observations of the maximum masses of neutron stars.Δr_(np)(^48Ca)=0.146±0.019 fm is achieved with soft symmetry energy(J_(0)=27.91±1.31 MeV)and its corresponding slope(L_(0)=42.85±14.26 MeV)at saturation density.An equation of state(EoS)with a composition ofβ-equilibrated nucleonic and leptonic matter is computed.The nuclear matter and neutron star properties are also analyzed for this interaction and agree well with the astrophysical observations,such as the NICER and GW170817 events.We also perform a statistical analysis to estimate the theoretical errors in coupling parameters and neutron star observables and to determine the correlation coefficients.We observe that the neutron skins of ^(208)Pb and ^(48)Ca are strongly correlated and exhibit a strong dependence on J_(0),L(0)and the curvature of symmetry energy(K_(sym))as suggested from their correlations.A strong correlation of canonical mass neutron star radius,R1.4 with ρ-meson-nucleon coupling quantified by the term gpN and mixed interaction terms σ_(μ)ρ^(μ) and σ^(2)ρ_(μ)ρ^(μ) is also observed.
基金Supported by Science Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science and Technology(DST),Govt.of India(CRG/2021/001229,CRG/2021/001144)。
文摘The search for heavy elements has yielded many surprises and enhanced our knowledge of nuclear synthesis and associated dynamical aspects.Although new elements and their associated isotopes have been synthesized,information concerning elements with Z≥102,remains scarce.Further,concerning the transfermium elements,the nuclear shell structure is key to ensuring nuclear stability.Hence,the shell effects have key implications on such nuclei.Many experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to examine the reactions induced by heavy ions and the subsequent decay mechanisms in the superheavy mass region.In addition,the region of transfermium elements is of great interest because of the neutron/proton shell effects.Here,our objective is to analyze the decay mechanisms of nuclides having Z=102 nuclei,i.e.,^(248)No*and^(250)No*.An extensive study was conducted using the dynamical cluster-decay model(DCM)based on Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory(QMFT).The focus was to investigate compound nucleus(CN)and non-compound nucleus(nCN)mechanisms,including fusion-fission(ff),quasi-fission(QF),and fast fission(FF).The specific isotopes of interest are^(248)No*and^(250)No*,with attention given to the role of the center-of-mass energy(E_(c.m))and angular momentum(l).The nuclear interaction potential was derived using the Skyrme energy density formalism(SEDF)with the GSkI force parameters.The capture cross-sections were calculated using the-summed Wong Model.The determination of the probability of compound nucleus formation(PCN)involved a function that is dependent upon the center-of-mass energy.The lifetimes of the ff and QF channels were also investigated.Here,CN and nCN decay mechanisms for two isotopes of Z=102 nobelium were analyzed over the range of center-of-mass values(E_(c.m))considering the quadrupole deformationβ_(2)and optimum orientations(θ_(opt))of the decaying fragments.The fragmentation potential,preformation probability,neck length parameter,and reaction cross-sections were explored.Further,PCN was calculated to determine the mechanisms of decay of^(248)No*and^(250)No*isotopes.The obtained fusion–fission lifetimes and quasi-fission lifetimes are compared with the dinuclear system(DNS)approach.Among the considered isotopes having Z=102,i.e.,the^(248)No*formed in the 40Ca+208Pb reaction and^(250)No*formed via two different entrance channels,44Ca+206Pb and 64Ni+186W,show asymmetric fragmentation with the effect ofβ_(2)deformation at the energies beyond the Coulomb barrier.Of note,the nCN(QF and FF)decay mechanisms compete with the CN fission channels.The calculations based on the DCM show a strong correlation with the experimental data.The most probable fragments,such as 122Sn and 128Te,were observed near the magic shell closure at Z=50 and N=82.Further,as the excitation energy increased,the fusion–fission and quasi-fission lifetimes decreased.
基金Project supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB),File Nos. CRG/2021/001229 and CRG/2021/001144。
文摘Several studies on fusion reaction dynamics focused on the impact of quadrupole β_(2)^(±)deformation.However,existing literature highlights the importance of the octupole β_(3)^(±)and hexadecapole β_(4)^(±)deformations associated with both the projectile and target nuclei.However,the collective influence of these deformations(β2,β3,andβ_(4)) on the fusion reaction dynamics has not been examined explicitly.In this study,we investigated the collective influence of higher-order deformations up to β_(4)on the barrier characteristics,in particular V_(B),R_(B),and hω,and their impact on the fusion cross-sections of heavy-ion induced reactions in the mass range 163 ≤A ≤182.The reactions were examined at both compact and elongated configurations of the deformed nuclei.Heavy ion-induced reactions,which consist of target nuclei with higher-order deformations up to β_(4),reveal a notable alteration in the barrier characteristics VBand RB,along with a significant change in orientation θ_(i) for both compact and elongated configurations.In addition,the incorporation of deformations up to β_(4)and their corresponding orientations θicontributes to enhanced capture cross-sections σcapas well as integrated cross-sections σint.,resulting in better agreement with experimental data for^(16)O-induced reactions with^(148)Nd,^(149-150)Sm,and^(32)S-induced reactions with150Sm.We conclude that the incorporation of deformations of all orders up to β_(4)at their optimized compact and elongated configurations is essential because it provides better outcomes compared to the optimized configurations of β2and β3deformed nuclei.
