Objective:To investigate the protective and therapeutic role of ginseng against silicon dioxide nanoparticles(SiO2NPs)-induced toxicity in the lungs.Methods:Sixty male rats were divided into five groups(n=12/group);gr...Objective:To investigate the protective and therapeutic role of ginseng against silicon dioxide nanoparticles(SiO2NPs)-induced toxicity in the lungs.Methods:Sixty male rats were divided into five groups(n=12/group);group 1 was used as a control,group 2 received ginseng,group 3 was treated with SiO2NPs,and group 4 was pretreated with ginseng one week before SiO2NPs,while group 5 was given SiO2NPs one week before supplementation with ginseng.Animals were treated with both ginseng and SiO2NPs orally for five weeks.Real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression.Besides,DNA damage and cell cycle changes were determined by comet assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Histological study was also done to assess the effect of ginseng on SiO2NPs-induced toxicity.Results:SiO2NPs increased lipid peroxidation and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes.SiO2NPs induced apoptosis in lung tissues as revealed by upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 as well as the induction of DNA damage.SiO2NPs also caused inflammation as indicated by upregulation of the inflammation-related genes[interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGFβ1)]as well as cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of lung cells.Moreover,histopathological examination proved the biochemical and molecular perturbations that occurred due to SiO2NPs toxicity.However,ginseng alleviated SiO2NPs-induced toxicity in rat lung.Conclusions:Ginseng has a potent preventive and therapeutic effect and could be used in the treatment of SiO2NPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.展开更多
Mycotoxins are potentially hazardous secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi(molds).These small molecular weight compounds(often less than 1000 Da)are found in nature and are almost unavoidable.They can in...Mycotoxins are potentially hazardous secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi(molds).These small molecular weight compounds(often less than 1000 Da)are found in nature and are almost unavoidable.They can infiltrate our food chain either directly or indirectly through contaminated plant-based food components or toxigenic fungal development on food.Mycotoxins can build up in ripening corn,cereals,soybeans,sorghum,peanuts,and other food and feed crops in the field and during transportation.Humans and animals can get sick from eating mycotoxin-contaminated food or feed,which can result in acute or chronic poisoning.In addition to worries regarding direct consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and feeds,the public is concerned about the possibility of ingesting mycotoxin residues or metabolites in animal-derived food products such as meat,milk,or eggs.Three fungal genera dominate mycotoxin production:Aspergillus,Fusarium,and Penicillium.Although more than 300 mycotoxins have been found,only six of them(aflatoxins,trichothecenes,zearalenone,fumonisins,ochratoxins,and patulin)are consistently detected in food,posing unpredictability and continuous food safety issues worldwide.This article focused on some of them,which are typically found in foods that have been contaminated by one or more of these mycotoxins.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the protective and therapeutic role of ginseng against silicon dioxide nanoparticles(SiO2NPs)-induced toxicity in the lungs.Methods:Sixty male rats were divided into five groups(n=12/group);group 1 was used as a control,group 2 received ginseng,group 3 was treated with SiO2NPs,and group 4 was pretreated with ginseng one week before SiO2NPs,while group 5 was given SiO2NPs one week before supplementation with ginseng.Animals were treated with both ginseng and SiO2NPs orally for five weeks.Real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression.Besides,DNA damage and cell cycle changes were determined by comet assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Histological study was also done to assess the effect of ginseng on SiO2NPs-induced toxicity.Results:SiO2NPs increased lipid peroxidation and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes.SiO2NPs induced apoptosis in lung tissues as revealed by upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 as well as the induction of DNA damage.SiO2NPs also caused inflammation as indicated by upregulation of the inflammation-related genes[interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGFβ1)]as well as cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of lung cells.Moreover,histopathological examination proved the biochemical and molecular perturbations that occurred due to SiO2NPs toxicity.However,ginseng alleviated SiO2NPs-induced toxicity in rat lung.Conclusions:Ginseng has a potent preventive and therapeutic effect and could be used in the treatment of SiO2NPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.
文摘Mycotoxins are potentially hazardous secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi(molds).These small molecular weight compounds(often less than 1000 Da)are found in nature and are almost unavoidable.They can infiltrate our food chain either directly or indirectly through contaminated plant-based food components or toxigenic fungal development on food.Mycotoxins can build up in ripening corn,cereals,soybeans,sorghum,peanuts,and other food and feed crops in the field and during transportation.Humans and animals can get sick from eating mycotoxin-contaminated food or feed,which can result in acute or chronic poisoning.In addition to worries regarding direct consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and feeds,the public is concerned about the possibility of ingesting mycotoxin residues or metabolites in animal-derived food products such as meat,milk,or eggs.Three fungal genera dominate mycotoxin production:Aspergillus,Fusarium,and Penicillium.Although more than 300 mycotoxins have been found,only six of them(aflatoxins,trichothecenes,zearalenone,fumonisins,ochratoxins,and patulin)are consistently detected in food,posing unpredictability and continuous food safety issues worldwide.This article focused on some of them,which are typically found in foods that have been contaminated by one or more of these mycotoxins.
