Gas Turbines are among the most important energy systems for aviation and thermal-based power generation.The performance of gas turbine intakes with S-shaped diffusers is vulnerable to flow separation,reversal flow,an...Gas Turbines are among the most important energy systems for aviation and thermal-based power generation.The performance of gas turbine intakes with S-shaped diffusers is vulnerable to flow separation,reversal flow,and pressure distortion,mainly in aggressive S-shaped diffusers.Severalmethods,including vortex generators and energy promoters,have been proposed and investigated both experimentally and numerically.This paper compiles a review of experimental investigations that have been performed and reported to mitigate flow separation and restore system performance.The operational principles,classifications,design geometries,and performance parameters of Sshaped diffusers are presented to facilitate the analysis and understanding of the influence of each mitigation method on flowenhancement in S-shaped diffusers.Theinfluencing design parameters on the performance of the S-shaped diffuser and the findings achieved by various experimental investigations are discussed and compared.The review concludes that reducing the intake length reduces the size and weight of the gas turbine,leading to a higher power-to-weight ratio.However,the main challenge in shortening the S-shaped diffusers is the flow separation in the high-curvature section,which must be prevented to maintain high performance.Prevention can be achieved through flow control methods,which are categorized into passive and aggressive methods.The static pressure recovery coefficient,total pressure loss coefficient,ideal static pressure coefficient,distortion coefficient,and skin friction coefficient are the primary performance evaluation and comparison parameters between the experimentally investigated mitigation methods.The new trend in S-shaped diffuser studies includes the integration of computational and data-driven methods.展开更多
Size reduction of the gas turbines(GT)by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the powerto-weight ratio.It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption.However,this Length...Size reduction of the gas turbines(GT)by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the powerto-weight ratio.It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption.However,this Length reduction of a bare S-shaped diffuser to an aggressive S-shaped diffuser would risk flow separation and performance reduction of the diffuser and the air intake of the GT.The objective of this research is to propose and assess fitted energy promoters(EPs)to enhance the S-shaped diffuser performance by controlling and modifying the flow in the high bending zone of the diffuser.After experimental assessment,the work has been extended to cover more cases by numerical investigations on bare,bare aggressive,and aggressive with energy promoters S-shaped diffusers.Three types of EPs,namely co-rotating low-profile,co-rotating streamline sheet,and trapezoidal submerged EPs were tested with various combinations over a range of Reynolds numbers from 40,000 to 75,000.The respective S-shaped diffusers were simulated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)using ANSYS software adopting a steady,3D,standard k-εturbulence model to acquire the details of the flow structure,which cannot be visualized in the experiment.The diffuser performance has been evaluated by the performance indicators of static pressure recovery coefficient,total pressure loss coefficient,and distortion coefficient(DC(45°)).The enhancements in the static pressure recovery of the S-shaped aggressive diffuser with energy promoters are 19.5%,22.2%,and 24.5%with EPs at planes 3,4 and 5,respectively,compared to the aggressive bare diffuser.In addition,the installation of the EPs resulted in a DC(45°)reduction at the outlet plane of the diffuser of about 43%at Re=40,000.The enhancements in the performance parameters confirm that aggravating the internal flow eliminates the flow separation and enhances the GT intake efficiency.展开更多
Achieving broadband solar thermal absorption via dilute nanofluids is still a daunting challenge since the absorption peaks of common metal particles are usually located in the visible part of the radiation spectrum.T...Achieving broadband solar thermal absorption via dilute nanofluids is still a daunting challenge since the absorption peaks of common metal particles are usually located in the visible part of the radiation spectrum.This paper aims to present the results of experimental investigations on the thermal performance of heat pipe-type evacuated solar collectors.The experimented system consists of 15 tubes,providing the hot nanofluid to 100-L storage in a closed flow loop.The solar collector with a gross area of 2.1 m^(2)is part of the solar hot water test system located in Baghdad-Iraq.Al2O3 nanofluid at 0.5%volume concentration in water as working fluid was used in three flow rates of 3.3,6.6,and 10 L/min over two months,March and April.The experimental results indicated that maximum solar irradiation was 1070 and 1270 W/m^(2)in March and April,respectively.The maximum daily average of rate heat gain 11,270 and 12,040 W was recorded in March and April,respectively.In terms of the best operational flow rate,the system performs better at 3.3 L/min nanofluid flow rate.For the considered study period,the average monthly maximum energy efficiencies of the solar collector in March and April were 86%and 80%,respectively.展开更多
文摘Gas Turbines are among the most important energy systems for aviation and thermal-based power generation.The performance of gas turbine intakes with S-shaped diffusers is vulnerable to flow separation,reversal flow,and pressure distortion,mainly in aggressive S-shaped diffusers.Severalmethods,including vortex generators and energy promoters,have been proposed and investigated both experimentally and numerically.This paper compiles a review of experimental investigations that have been performed and reported to mitigate flow separation and restore system performance.The operational principles,classifications,design geometries,and performance parameters of Sshaped diffusers are presented to facilitate the analysis and understanding of the influence of each mitigation method on flowenhancement in S-shaped diffusers.Theinfluencing design parameters on the performance of the S-shaped diffuser and the findings achieved by various experimental investigations are discussed and compared.The review concludes that reducing the intake length reduces the size and weight of the gas turbine,leading to a higher power-to-weight ratio.However,the main challenge in shortening the S-shaped diffusers is the flow separation in the high-curvature section,which must be prevented to maintain high performance.Prevention can be achieved through flow control methods,which are categorized into passive and aggressive methods.The static pressure recovery coefficient,total pressure loss coefficient,ideal static pressure coefficient,distortion coefficient,and skin friction coefficient are the primary performance evaluation and comparison parameters between the experimentally investigated mitigation methods.The new trend in S-shaped diffuser studies includes the integration of computational and data-driven methods.
文摘Size reduction of the gas turbines(GT)by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the powerto-weight ratio.It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption.However,this Length reduction of a bare S-shaped diffuser to an aggressive S-shaped diffuser would risk flow separation and performance reduction of the diffuser and the air intake of the GT.The objective of this research is to propose and assess fitted energy promoters(EPs)to enhance the S-shaped diffuser performance by controlling and modifying the flow in the high bending zone of the diffuser.After experimental assessment,the work has been extended to cover more cases by numerical investigations on bare,bare aggressive,and aggressive with energy promoters S-shaped diffusers.Three types of EPs,namely co-rotating low-profile,co-rotating streamline sheet,and trapezoidal submerged EPs were tested with various combinations over a range of Reynolds numbers from 40,000 to 75,000.The respective S-shaped diffusers were simulated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)using ANSYS software adopting a steady,3D,standard k-εturbulence model to acquire the details of the flow structure,which cannot be visualized in the experiment.The diffuser performance has been evaluated by the performance indicators of static pressure recovery coefficient,total pressure loss coefficient,and distortion coefficient(DC(45°)).The enhancements in the static pressure recovery of the S-shaped aggressive diffuser with energy promoters are 19.5%,22.2%,and 24.5%with EPs at planes 3,4 and 5,respectively,compared to the aggressive bare diffuser.In addition,the installation of the EPs resulted in a DC(45°)reduction at the outlet plane of the diffuser of about 43%at Re=40,000.The enhancements in the performance parameters confirm that aggravating the internal flow eliminates the flow separation and enhances the GT intake efficiency.
基金The University of Technology,specifically the Department of Electromechanical Engineering,provided invaluable assistance during the experimental work,for which the authors are quite grateful.
文摘Achieving broadband solar thermal absorption via dilute nanofluids is still a daunting challenge since the absorption peaks of common metal particles are usually located in the visible part of the radiation spectrum.This paper aims to present the results of experimental investigations on the thermal performance of heat pipe-type evacuated solar collectors.The experimented system consists of 15 tubes,providing the hot nanofluid to 100-L storage in a closed flow loop.The solar collector with a gross area of 2.1 m^(2)is part of the solar hot water test system located in Baghdad-Iraq.Al2O3 nanofluid at 0.5%volume concentration in water as working fluid was used in three flow rates of 3.3,6.6,and 10 L/min over two months,March and April.The experimental results indicated that maximum solar irradiation was 1070 and 1270 W/m^(2)in March and April,respectively.The maximum daily average of rate heat gain 11,270 and 12,040 W was recorded in March and April,respectively.In terms of the best operational flow rate,the system performs better at 3.3 L/min nanofluid flow rate.For the considered study period,the average monthly maximum energy efficiencies of the solar collector in March and April were 86%and 80%,respectively.
