The net capturing method holds great potential for space debris removal due to its adaptability to the various target shapes and high fault tolerance.However,the capture mechanisms of current rope nets,which rely sole...The net capturing method holds great potential for space debris removal due to its adaptability to the various target shapes and high fault tolerance.However,the capture mechanisms of current rope nets,which rely solely on a passive wrap-ping mechanism,limit their capacity to capture objects within a specific size range and make it challenging to handle unexpected situations.Inspired by spider webs,which combine wrapping and adhering to capture prey of various sizes,we present a new type of net(envelope diameter:208.49 mm)for on-orbit capture.This net adopts a spiral symmetric structure similar to spider webs,incorporates electrostatic-microstructure hybrid adhesives,and increases the maximum contact area by 38.31%,allowing it to capture debris ranging from fragments smaller than the mesh size(envelope diam-eter:2.7 mm-4.4 mm)to larger objects(envelope diameter:270 mm),and effectively grasps flexible items(450 mm2),planar items(350 mm2)and three-dimensional items(160 mm3).Moreover,to validate the net's capability for wrapping and adhesion,simulations and experiments are demonstrated that this dual capture method can effectively handle various targets.展开更多
Additives could improve composting performance and reduce gaseous emission,but few studies have explored the synergistic of additives on H_(2)S emission and compost maturity.This research aims to make an investigation...Additives could improve composting performance and reduce gaseous emission,but few studies have explored the synergistic of additives on H_(2)S emission and compost maturity.This research aims to make an investigation about the effects of chemical additives and mature compost on H_(2)S emission and compost maturity of kitchen waste composting.The results showed that additives increased the germination index value and H_(2)S emission reduction over 15 days and the treatment with both chemical additives and mature compost achieved highest germination index value and H_(2)S emission reduction(85%).Except for the treatment with only chemical additives,the total sulfur content increased during the kitchen waste composting.The proportion of effective sulfur was higher with the addition of chemical additives,compared with other groups.The relative abundance of H_(2)S-formation bacterial(Desulfovibrio)was reduced and the relative abundance of bacterial(Pseudomonas and Paracoccus),which could convert sulfur-containing substances and H_(2)S to sulfate was improved with additives.In the composting process with both chemical additives and mature compost,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio was lowest,while the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Paracoccus was highest.Taken together,the chemical additives and mature compost achieved H_(2)S emission reduction by regulating the dynamics of microbial community.展开更多
Oryza longistaminata is an African wild rice species with valuable agronomic traits and the donor parent of perennial rice.Endophytic bacteria play an important role in host health,adaptive evolution and stress tolera...Oryza longistaminata is an African wild rice species with valuable agronomic traits and the donor parent of perennial rice.Endophytic bacteria play an important role in host health,adaptive evolution and stress tolerance.However,endophytic bacterial communities in O.longistaminata and their plant growth-promoting(PGP)effects on the perennial rice of O.longistaminata offspring are poorly understood.In this study,the endophytic bacterial diversity,composition and network structures in the root,stem,and leaf tissues of O.longistaminata were characterized using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.The results suggested that O.longistaminata contains a multitude of niches for different endophytic bacteria,among which the root endosphere is more complex and functionally diverse than the stem and leaf endospheres.Tissue-specific biomarkers were identified,including Paludibaculum,Pseudactinotalea and Roseimarinus and others,for roots,Blautia for stems and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 for leaves.The endophytic bacterial network of O.longistaminata was reassembled for various functions,including degradation/utilization/assimilation,detoxification,generation of precursor metabolites and energy,glycan pathways,macromolecule modification and metabolism.A total of 163 endophytic bacterial strains with PGP traits of potassium release,phosphate solubilization,nitrogen fixation,siderophore activity,indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)production,and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase activity were isolated from O.longistaminata.Eleven strains identified as Enterobacter cloacae,Enterobacter ludwigii,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Serratia fonticola,and Bacillus velezensis showed stable colonization abilities and PGP effects on perennial rice seedlings.Inoculated plants generally exhibited an enhanced root system and greater photosynthesis,biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake.Interestingly,two strains of E.cloacae have host genotype-dependent effects on perennial rice growth.The results of this study provide insights into the endophytic bacterial ecosystems of O.longistaminata,which can potentially be used as biofertilizers for sustainable perennial rice productivity.展开更多
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respiratory sym...Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms,including bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Baicalin(BA)exhibits significant therapeutic effects against RSV infection through mechanisms of viral inhibition and anti-inflammatory action.Nonetheless,the clinical application of BA is constrained by its low solubility and bioavailability.In this study,we prepared BA nanodrugs(BA NDs)with enhanced water solubility utilizing the supramolecular self-assembled strategy,and we further conducted a comparative analysis of this pharmacological activity between free drugs and NDs of BA.Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that BA NDs significantly enhanced the dual effects of viral inhibition and inflammation relief compared to free BA,attributed to prolonged lung retention,improved cellular uptake,and increased targeting affinity.Our study confirms that the nanosizing strategy,a straightforward approach to enhance drug solubility,can also increase biological activity compared to free drugs with the same content,thereby providing a potential ND for RSV treatment.This correlation analysis between the existing forms of drugs and their biological activity offers a novel perspective for research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contamina...Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.展开更多
The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA P...The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.展开更多
The effectiveness of using vegetation to stabilise shallow soil slopes heavily depends on the survival of vegetation,yet the amplification of extreme events induced by climate change threatens the health of plants cov...The effectiveness of using vegetation to stabilise shallow soil slopes heavily depends on the survival of vegetation,yet the amplification of extreme events induced by climate change threatens the health of plants covering slopes.Hydrochar is an environmentally friendly soil amender that can achieve the potential benefits of promoting plant growth for slope stabilisation and facilitation of waste upcycling.The mechanism underlying the hydrochar effects on the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils remains unclear.This study investigated the influence of grass-derived hydrochar on the water retention,compressibility,and shear strength of a compacted siltyeclay sand.Soil microstructural changes due to hydrochar amendment were measured to explain the soilehydrochar hydromechanical interaction.The increase in suction resulted in a less significant increase in yield stress and a negligible reduction in compressibility of the hydrochar-amended soil compared with the unamended case.This phenomenon was observed because hydrochar addition reduced the large pores with diameters greater than the macropore peak of 60 mm due to pore filling by hydrochar particles,resulting in a less substantial volume contraction during drying.Hydrochar introduced more significant effects on the soil’s shear strength in an unsaturated state compared to a saturated case.Despite the similarity of the unsaturated amended soil with the critical-state friction angle to the saturated case,the former exhibited a greater shear strength because the hydrochar addition improved water retention capability.As a result,the degree of saturation and,hence,Bishop’s effective stress were higher than those for the unamended case for a given suction.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))electrosynthesis via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)is a promising alternative for the energy-intensive anthraquinone process.However,the instability of the catalytic metal ...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))electrosynthesis via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)is a promising alternative for the energy-intensive anthraquinone process.However,the instability of the catalytic metal sites in the state-of-the-art metal single-atom catalysts(M-SACs)hinders their further industrial applications,and the high potential and valueless oxygen product of the conventional anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)further limit the economic efficiency of this technology.To address this,a dynamically local structure reconstruction strategy is proposed to in situ transfer the active sites from unstable metal sites to the stable surrounding carbon sites for efficient and durable 2e^(-)ORR electrocatalysis.For the as-designed Mn-N_(3)O-C catalyst,by reconstructing Mn sites into Mn(^(*)OH),the Mn sites were passivated and carbon sites adjacent to the O atom were verified to be the actual active sites by in situ characterization and theoretical calculation.Consequently,Mn-N_(3)O-C exhibited>80%Faradaic efficiency and superior long-term durability over 100 h for H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis at~120 mA cm^(-2).In addition,coupling anodic ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR)further improves the efficiency and economic viability of the H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis system.This two-pronged strategy thus opens up a new opportunity for the development of stable H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis with low energy consumption and superior economic performance.展开更多
ChuanWu(CW),the dried mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.,is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)recognized for its potent efficacy but inherent toxicity,primarily due to its alkaloid content.Traditio...ChuanWu(CW),the dried mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.,is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)recognized for its potent efficacy but inherent toxicity,primarily due to its alkaloid content.Traditional and modern detoxification methods for CW include proper processing,rational compatibility,and specialized decoction techniques,among which honey-boiled CW is particularly distinctive.However,research on the detoxification mechanism of honey-boiled CW remains limited.This study investigated this mechanism by analyzing alkaloid transformation and supramolecular aggregation.Honey-boiled and water-boiled CW preparations were compared.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze CW alkaloids,specifically diester alkaloids(DDAs),monoester alkaloids(MDAs),and non-esterified diterpenoid alkaloids(NDAs).Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe and identify supramolecular aggregates in the honey-boiled CW decoction.In vivo absorption of water-boiled,honey-boiled,and NADES-boiled CW was compared.Median lethal dose(LD_(50))tests assessed toxicity,including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.In vitro experiments evaluated the safety,anti-inflammatory,and analgesic effects of CWmedicated serum on RAW264.7 cells,with in vivo validation in mice.Results showed that honey promoted the conversion of highly toxic DDAs to less toxic MDAs and prevented MDAs from hydrolyzing into NDAs.Honey-boiled CW formed approximately 250 nm supramolecular aggregates that encapsulated MDAs,inhibiting their conversion to NDAs.These encapsulated MDAs acted as a stable delivery system with higher bioavailability than free benzoylmesaconine.Subsequent mouse experiments confirmed that honey-boiled CW significantly increased the LD_(50)of CW while reducing hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Additionally,honey-boiled CW significantly improved cell safety and enhanced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.Our findings reveal that honey-boiled CW exhibits a potent detoxification mechanism by influencing alkaloid transformation and facilitating the formation of supramolecular aggregates.This study lays the groundwork for developing detoxification or synergistic strategies within honey-boiled TCM.展开更多
Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used in the production of amino acids.C.glutamicum possesses seven sigma factors,among which SigD is responsible for the transcription of genes involved in the synthesis of mycolic...Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used in the production of amino acids.C.glutamicum possesses seven sigma factors,among which SigD is responsible for the transcription of genes involved in the synthesis of mycolic acid(MA)and its derivatives,the unique cell envelope of C.glutamicum.To understand the influence of MA synthesis on amino acid production and membrane phenotype of C.glutamicum,the expression of sigD gene and some mycolyltransferase genes,i.e.,cmt1,cop1 and cmt2,were regulated by several growth-regulated promoters in this study.Except for 2 mutant strains of P_(cg3096)-sigD and P_(cg1633)-cop1,the growth and 4-hydroxyisoleucine(4-HIL)titer of most modified strains did not change significantly.But the 4-HIL titer of P_(odhI)-sigD strain increased by 20.73%(142.45±3.69 mM)compared to that of control strain(117.99±0.34 mM).After it was cultivated in bioreactor,4-HIL titer reached 372.56 mM.This may be caused by the increase of MA content,and 17%decrease of cell hydrophobicity and 12%increase of membrane permeability were observed at the exponential phase.In conclusion,we proved that rearrangements in regulation of sigD expression contributed to the improved fermentation performance of C.glutamicum and promoted 4-HIL production.展开更多
CdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs)are promising candidates for on-chip light sources,yet their performance is hindered by surface defects and inefficient optical gain.Herein,we demonstrate that CdSeS crown passivation significa...CdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs)are promising candidates for on-chip light sources,yet their performance is hindered by surface defects and inefficient optical gain.Herein,we demonstrate that CdSeS crown passivation significantly enhances the photophysical property of CdSe NPLs.Laser spectroscopy techniques reveal suppressed electronic and hole trapping at lateral surfaces,leading to a 4.2-fold increase in photoluminescence quantum yield and a shortened emission lifetime from13.5 to 4.8 ns.In addition,amplified spontaneous emission is achieved under nanosecond pulse pumping,with thresholds of0.75 to 0.16 mJ/cm^(2)for CdSe and CdSe/CdSeS NPLs,respectively.By integrating CdSe/CdSeS NPLs with high-refractiveindex SiO2scatters,coherent random lasing is realized at a threshold of 0.21 mJ/cm^(2).These findings highlight the critical role of lateral surface passivation in optimizing optical gain and pave the way for low-cost,multifunctional nanophotonic devices.展开更多
Skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments such as seawater,cold,and dryness face great challenges.However,traditional hydrogels tend to lose adhesion underwater,freeze at low temperatures,and dehydrate i...Skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments such as seawater,cold,and dryness face great challenges.However,traditional hydrogels tend to lose adhesion underwater,freeze at low temperatures,and dehydrate in dry environments,severely limiting their applications.Inspired by marine barnacles,a chitosan(CTS)–butyl acrylate(BA)-glycerol gel(CB-G-Gel)is fabricated,which mimic the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of barnacle cement proteins using CTS and BA respectively to enhance adhesion underwater,and employ a glycerol/water solvent exchange strategy to endow the gel with anti-freezing and water-retaining properties.CB-G-Gel exhibits strong underwater adhesion and good antibacterial activity,and promotes seawater-immersed wound healing.CB-G-Gel protects the skin from frostbite and scald(-196~120°C),and has excellent water retention under dry conditions of 20%relative humidity and 60°C.This strategy of combining barnacle biomimicry with glycerol/water solvent exchange provides a guidance for skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments.展开更多
Sodium titanium phosphate(NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),NTP)has emerged as a promising electrode material due to its three-dimensional open framework.This study investigates the use of NTP in aqueous dilute Li^(+)/Na^(+)electr...Sodium titanium phosphate(NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),NTP)has emerged as a promising electrode material due to its three-dimensional open framework.This study investigates the use of NTP in aqueous dilute Li^(+)/Na^(+)electrolytes and extends its application to high-concentration K+electrolytes.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis,and density functional theory calculations revealed that highly electronegative fluorine partially substitutes for oxygen in the NTP lattice,resulting in the formation of Ti-F bonds.The substitution effectively modulates the electronic structure of Ti^(4+),alters the local coordination environment,and influences the redox dynamics.Enhanced long-term cycling stability and rate performance were demonstrated across aqueous sodium-ion,lithium-ion,and potassium-ion half-cells.Among the investigated systems,the aqueous sodium-ion system exhibited the best electrochemical performance,characterized by a single,well-defined charge–discharge plateau,stable cycling behavior with 88.7%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(−1),and an initial specific discharge capacity of 121.7 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1).The results establish F-doped NTP as a promising candidate for advanced energy storage applications in aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries.展开更多
The identification of ore grades is a critical step in mineral resource exploration and mining.Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis(PGNAA)technology employs gamma rays generated by the nuclear reactions between ne...The identification of ore grades is a critical step in mineral resource exploration and mining.Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis(PGNAA)technology employs gamma rays generated by the nuclear reactions between neutrons and samples to achieve the qualitative and quantitative detection of sample components.In this study,we present a novel method for identifying copper grade by combining the vision transformer(ViT)model with the PGNAA technique.First,a Monte Carlo simulation is employed to determine the optimal sizes of the neutron moderator,thermal neutron absorption material,and dimensions of the device.Subsequently,based on the parameters obtained through optimization,a PGNAA copper ore measurement model is established.The gamma spectrum of the copper ore is analyzed using the ViT model.The ViT model is optimized for hyperparameters using a grid search.To ensure the reliability of the identification results,the test results are obtained through five repeated tenfold cross-validations.Long short-term memory and convolutional neural network models are compared with the ViT method.These results indicate that the ViT method is efficient in identifying copper ore grades with average accuracy,precision,recall,F_(1)score,and F_(1)(-)score values of 0.9795,0.9637,0.9614,0.9625,and 0.9942,respectively.When identifying associated minerals,the ViT model can identify Pb,Zn,Fe,and Co minerals with identification accuracies of 0.9215,0.9396,0.9966,and 0.8311,respectively.展开更多
基金the New Chongqing Innovative Young Talent Project under Grant 2024NSCQ-qncxX0468Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center under Grant 2023-ZM01Z007.
文摘The net capturing method holds great potential for space debris removal due to its adaptability to the various target shapes and high fault tolerance.However,the capture mechanisms of current rope nets,which rely solely on a passive wrap-ping mechanism,limit their capacity to capture objects within a specific size range and make it challenging to handle unexpected situations.Inspired by spider webs,which combine wrapping and adhering to capture prey of various sizes,we present a new type of net(envelope diameter:208.49 mm)for on-orbit capture.This net adopts a spiral symmetric structure similar to spider webs,incorporates electrostatic-microstructure hybrid adhesives,and increases the maximum contact area by 38.31%,allowing it to capture debris ranging from fragments smaller than the mesh size(envelope diam-eter:2.7 mm-4.4 mm)to larger objects(envelope diameter:270 mm),and effectively grasps flexible items(450 mm2),planar items(350 mm2)and three-dimensional items(160 mm3).Moreover,to validate the net's capability for wrapping and adhesion,simulations and experiments are demonstrated that this dual capture method can effectively handle various targets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071552,42007031,31960013,and 31800378)the Open Research Fund from the Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau(Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University),Ministry of Education,China(No.XZAJYBSYS-2020-02)+2 种基金the Independent Research Project of Science and Technology Innovation Base in Tibet Autonomous Region(No.XZ2022JR0007G)Suzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SS20200)Ministry of Urban-Rural Development and Housing Technology Demonstration Project(No.S20220395)。
文摘Additives could improve composting performance and reduce gaseous emission,but few studies have explored the synergistic of additives on H_(2)S emission and compost maturity.This research aims to make an investigation about the effects of chemical additives and mature compost on H_(2)S emission and compost maturity of kitchen waste composting.The results showed that additives increased the germination index value and H_(2)S emission reduction over 15 days and the treatment with both chemical additives and mature compost achieved highest germination index value and H_(2)S emission reduction(85%).Except for the treatment with only chemical additives,the total sulfur content increased during the kitchen waste composting.The proportion of effective sulfur was higher with the addition of chemical additives,compared with other groups.The relative abundance of H_(2)S-formation bacterial(Desulfovibrio)was reduced and the relative abundance of bacterial(Pseudomonas and Paracoccus),which could convert sulfur-containing substances and H_(2)S to sulfate was improved with additives.In the composting process with both chemical additives and mature compost,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio was lowest,while the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Paracoccus was highest.Taken together,the chemical additives and mature compost achieved H_(2)S emission reduction by regulating the dynamics of microbial community.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060593 and 32060474)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department+4 种基金China(202101AT070021 and 202101AS070001)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Science Research Fund ProjectChina(2023J0006)the Graduate Innovation Project of Yunnan UniversityChina(KC-22223012 and ZC-22222760)。
文摘Oryza longistaminata is an African wild rice species with valuable agronomic traits and the donor parent of perennial rice.Endophytic bacteria play an important role in host health,adaptive evolution and stress tolerance.However,endophytic bacterial communities in O.longistaminata and their plant growth-promoting(PGP)effects on the perennial rice of O.longistaminata offspring are poorly understood.In this study,the endophytic bacterial diversity,composition and network structures in the root,stem,and leaf tissues of O.longistaminata were characterized using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.The results suggested that O.longistaminata contains a multitude of niches for different endophytic bacteria,among which the root endosphere is more complex and functionally diverse than the stem and leaf endospheres.Tissue-specific biomarkers were identified,including Paludibaculum,Pseudactinotalea and Roseimarinus and others,for roots,Blautia for stems and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 for leaves.The endophytic bacterial network of O.longistaminata was reassembled for various functions,including degradation/utilization/assimilation,detoxification,generation of precursor metabolites and energy,glycan pathways,macromolecule modification and metabolism.A total of 163 endophytic bacterial strains with PGP traits of potassium release,phosphate solubilization,nitrogen fixation,siderophore activity,indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)production,and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase activity were isolated from O.longistaminata.Eleven strains identified as Enterobacter cloacae,Enterobacter ludwigii,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Serratia fonticola,and Bacillus velezensis showed stable colonization abilities and PGP effects on perennial rice seedlings.Inoculated plants generally exhibited an enhanced root system and greater photosynthesis,biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake.Interestingly,two strains of E.cloacae have host genotype-dependent effects on perennial rice growth.The results of this study provide insights into the endophytic bacterial ecosystems of O.longistaminata,which can potentially be used as biofertilizers for sustainable perennial rice productivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82474195)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.:021093002882)+2 种基金the Youth Medical Innovation Research Project of China(Grant No.:P24021887623)Taizhou Science and Technology Support Project,China(Grant No.:TS202420)grants from Nanjing Medical University,China(Grant Nos.:TZKY20230104 and 2024KF0292).
文摘Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms,including bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Baicalin(BA)exhibits significant therapeutic effects against RSV infection through mechanisms of viral inhibition and anti-inflammatory action.Nonetheless,the clinical application of BA is constrained by its low solubility and bioavailability.In this study,we prepared BA nanodrugs(BA NDs)with enhanced water solubility utilizing the supramolecular self-assembled strategy,and we further conducted a comparative analysis of this pharmacological activity between free drugs and NDs of BA.Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that BA NDs significantly enhanced the dual effects of viral inhibition and inflammation relief compared to free BA,attributed to prolonged lung retention,improved cellular uptake,and increased targeting affinity.Our study confirms that the nanosizing strategy,a straightforward approach to enhance drug solubility,can also increase biological activity compared to free drugs with the same content,thereby providing a potential ND for RSV treatment.This correlation analysis between the existing forms of drugs and their biological activity offers a novel perspective for research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1808803).
文摘Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.
基金supported by Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Project(Grant No.202401BD070001-016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202530)+3 种基金Talent Introduction and Training Project of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024RCYP-09)Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.202401CF070046)Xingdian Talent support program(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0457)Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Flower Technique.
文摘The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.
基金supported by grants funded by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Grant No.CRF/C6006-20G)a grant provided by the Joint NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme(Grant No.N_HKUST603/22)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.Z1090125018).
文摘The effectiveness of using vegetation to stabilise shallow soil slopes heavily depends on the survival of vegetation,yet the amplification of extreme events induced by climate change threatens the health of plants covering slopes.Hydrochar is an environmentally friendly soil amender that can achieve the potential benefits of promoting plant growth for slope stabilisation and facilitation of waste upcycling.The mechanism underlying the hydrochar effects on the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils remains unclear.This study investigated the influence of grass-derived hydrochar on the water retention,compressibility,and shear strength of a compacted siltyeclay sand.Soil microstructural changes due to hydrochar amendment were measured to explain the soilehydrochar hydromechanical interaction.The increase in suction resulted in a less significant increase in yield stress and a negligible reduction in compressibility of the hydrochar-amended soil compared with the unamended case.This phenomenon was observed because hydrochar addition reduced the large pores with diameters greater than the macropore peak of 60 mm due to pore filling by hydrochar particles,resulting in a less substantial volume contraction during drying.Hydrochar introduced more significant effects on the soil’s shear strength in an unsaturated state compared to a saturated case.Despite the similarity of the unsaturated amended soil with the critical-state friction angle to the saturated case,the former exhibited a greater shear strength because the hydrochar addition improved water retention capability.As a result,the degree of saturation and,hence,Bishop’s effective stress were higher than those for the unamended case for a given suction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379111 and 22179093)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))electrosynthesis via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)is a promising alternative for the energy-intensive anthraquinone process.However,the instability of the catalytic metal sites in the state-of-the-art metal single-atom catalysts(M-SACs)hinders their further industrial applications,and the high potential and valueless oxygen product of the conventional anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)further limit the economic efficiency of this technology.To address this,a dynamically local structure reconstruction strategy is proposed to in situ transfer the active sites from unstable metal sites to the stable surrounding carbon sites for efficient and durable 2e^(-)ORR electrocatalysis.For the as-designed Mn-N_(3)O-C catalyst,by reconstructing Mn sites into Mn(^(*)OH),the Mn sites were passivated and carbon sites adjacent to the O atom were verified to be the actual active sites by in situ characterization and theoretical calculation.Consequently,Mn-N_(3)O-C exhibited>80%Faradaic efficiency and superior long-term durability over 100 h for H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis at~120 mA cm^(-2).In addition,coupling anodic ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR)further improves the efficiency and economic viability of the H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis system.This two-pronged strategy thus opens up a new opportunity for the development of stable H_(2)O_(2)electrosynthesis with low energy consumption and superior economic performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82230117,82474195,and 82173992)Youth Medical Innovation Research Project of China(Grant No.:P24021887623)+1 种基金Nanjing Medical University(Grant Nos.:TZKY20230104,and 2024KF0292)Science and Technology Support Projectof Taizhou(Grant No.:TS202420).
文摘ChuanWu(CW),the dried mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.,is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)recognized for its potent efficacy but inherent toxicity,primarily due to its alkaloid content.Traditional and modern detoxification methods for CW include proper processing,rational compatibility,and specialized decoction techniques,among which honey-boiled CW is particularly distinctive.However,research on the detoxification mechanism of honey-boiled CW remains limited.This study investigated this mechanism by analyzing alkaloid transformation and supramolecular aggregation.Honey-boiled and water-boiled CW preparations were compared.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze CW alkaloids,specifically diester alkaloids(DDAs),monoester alkaloids(MDAs),and non-esterified diterpenoid alkaloids(NDAs).Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe and identify supramolecular aggregates in the honey-boiled CW decoction.In vivo absorption of water-boiled,honey-boiled,and NADES-boiled CW was compared.Median lethal dose(LD_(50))tests assessed toxicity,including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.In vitro experiments evaluated the safety,anti-inflammatory,and analgesic effects of CWmedicated serum on RAW264.7 cells,with in vivo validation in mice.Results showed that honey promoted the conversion of highly toxic DDAs to less toxic MDAs and prevented MDAs from hydrolyzing into NDAs.Honey-boiled CW formed approximately 250 nm supramolecular aggregates that encapsulated MDAs,inhibiting their conversion to NDAs.These encapsulated MDAs acted as a stable delivery system with higher bioavailability than free benzoylmesaconine.Subsequent mouse experiments confirmed that honey-boiled CW significantly increased the LD_(50)of CW while reducing hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Additionally,honey-boiled CW significantly improved cell safety and enhanced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.Our findings reveal that honey-boiled CW exhibits a potent detoxification mechanism by influencing alkaloid transformation and facilitating the formation of supramolecular aggregates.This study lays the groundwork for developing detoxification or synergistic strategies within honey-boiled TCM.
基金supported by the program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology(SKLF-ZZA-201904).
文摘Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used in the production of amino acids.C.glutamicum possesses seven sigma factors,among which SigD is responsible for the transcription of genes involved in the synthesis of mycolic acid(MA)and its derivatives,the unique cell envelope of C.glutamicum.To understand the influence of MA synthesis on amino acid production and membrane phenotype of C.glutamicum,the expression of sigD gene and some mycolyltransferase genes,i.e.,cmt1,cop1 and cmt2,were regulated by several growth-regulated promoters in this study.Except for 2 mutant strains of P_(cg3096)-sigD and P_(cg1633)-cop1,the growth and 4-hydroxyisoleucine(4-HIL)titer of most modified strains did not change significantly.But the 4-HIL titer of P_(odhI)-sigD strain increased by 20.73%(142.45±3.69 mM)compared to that of control strain(117.99±0.34 mM).After it was cultivated in bioreactor,4-HIL titer reached 372.56 mM.This may be caused by the increase of MA content,and 17%decrease of cell hydrophobicity and 12%increase of membrane permeability were observed at the exponential phase.In conclusion,we proved that rearrangements in regulation of sigD expression contributed to the improved fermentation performance of C.glutamicum and promoted 4-HIL production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62174079)Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative(Grant No.GDZX2404006)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant No.JCYJ20220530113015035)。
文摘CdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs)are promising candidates for on-chip light sources,yet their performance is hindered by surface defects and inefficient optical gain.Herein,we demonstrate that CdSeS crown passivation significantly enhances the photophysical property of CdSe NPLs.Laser spectroscopy techniques reveal suppressed electronic and hole trapping at lateral surfaces,leading to a 4.2-fold increase in photoluminescence quantum yield and a shortened emission lifetime from13.5 to 4.8 ns.In addition,amplified spontaneous emission is achieved under nanosecond pulse pumping,with thresholds of0.75 to 0.16 mJ/cm^(2)for CdSe and CdSe/CdSeS NPLs,respectively.By integrating CdSe/CdSeS NPLs with high-refractiveindex SiO2scatters,coherent random lasing is realized at a threshold of 0.21 mJ/cm^(2).These findings highlight the critical role of lateral surface passivation in optimizing optical gain and pave the way for low-cost,multifunctional nanophotonic devices.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao Municipality(No.24-4-4-zrjj-156-jch)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20297)。
文摘Skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments such as seawater,cold,and dryness face great challenges.However,traditional hydrogels tend to lose adhesion underwater,freeze at low temperatures,and dehydrate in dry environments,severely limiting their applications.Inspired by marine barnacles,a chitosan(CTS)–butyl acrylate(BA)-glycerol gel(CB-G-Gel)is fabricated,which mimic the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of barnacle cement proteins using CTS and BA respectively to enhance adhesion underwater,and employ a glycerol/water solvent exchange strategy to endow the gel with anti-freezing and water-retaining properties.CB-G-Gel exhibits strong underwater adhesion and good antibacterial activity,and promotes seawater-immersed wound healing.CB-G-Gel protects the skin from frostbite and scald(-196~120°C),and has excellent water retention under dry conditions of 20%relative humidity and 60°C.This strategy of combining barnacle biomimicry with glycerol/water solvent exchange provides a guidance for skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072298,51802261,11675129)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2025JC-YBQN-758)+1 种基金Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Program No.23JK0662)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.
文摘Sodium titanium phosphate(NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),NTP)has emerged as a promising electrode material due to its three-dimensional open framework.This study investigates the use of NTP in aqueous dilute Li^(+)/Na^(+)electrolytes and extends its application to high-concentration K+electrolytes.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis,and density functional theory calculations revealed that highly electronegative fluorine partially substitutes for oxygen in the NTP lattice,resulting in the formation of Ti-F bonds.The substitution effectively modulates the electronic structure of Ti^(4+),alters the local coordination environment,and influences the redox dynamics.Enhanced long-term cycling stability and rate performance were demonstrated across aqueous sodium-ion,lithium-ion,and potassium-ion half-cells.Among the investigated systems,the aqueous sodium-ion system exhibited the best electrochemical performance,characterized by a single,well-defined charge–discharge plateau,stable cycling behavior with 88.7%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A g^(−1),and an initial specific discharge capacity of 121.7 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1).The results establish F-doped NTP as a promising candidate for advanced energy storage applications in aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2BB2077 and 42374226)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB201043 and 20232BCJ23006)the Nuclear energy development project of the National Defense Science and Industry Bureau(Nos.20201192-01,20201192-03).
文摘The identification of ore grades is a critical step in mineral resource exploration and mining.Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis(PGNAA)technology employs gamma rays generated by the nuclear reactions between neutrons and samples to achieve the qualitative and quantitative detection of sample components.In this study,we present a novel method for identifying copper grade by combining the vision transformer(ViT)model with the PGNAA technique.First,a Monte Carlo simulation is employed to determine the optimal sizes of the neutron moderator,thermal neutron absorption material,and dimensions of the device.Subsequently,based on the parameters obtained through optimization,a PGNAA copper ore measurement model is established.The gamma spectrum of the copper ore is analyzed using the ViT model.The ViT model is optimized for hyperparameters using a grid search.To ensure the reliability of the identification results,the test results are obtained through five repeated tenfold cross-validations.Long short-term memory and convolutional neural network models are compared with the ViT method.These results indicate that the ViT method is efficient in identifying copper ore grades with average accuracy,precision,recall,F_(1)score,and F_(1)(-)score values of 0.9795,0.9637,0.9614,0.9625,and 0.9942,respectively.When identifying associated minerals,the ViT model can identify Pb,Zn,Fe,and Co minerals with identification accuracies of 0.9215,0.9396,0.9966,and 0.8311,respectively.
