High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted extensive attention ascribed to their unique physical and chemical properties induced by the cocktail effect.However,their oxidation behaviors,in particular at nanoscale,are sti...High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted extensive attention ascribed to their unique physical and chemical properties induced by the cocktail effect.However,their oxidation behaviors,in particular at nanoscale,are still lack because of multi-element complexity,which could also be completely differ-ent from the bulk counterparts.In this work,we synthesized FeCoNiTiCu five-element HEA nanopar-ticles(NPs)with uniform elemental distribution by arc-discharging approach,and further investigated their oxidation behaviors at 250 ℃,and 350 ℃.The morphology,structure and element distribution of NPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS).The surface oxidation in FeCoNiTiCu NPs during the high-temperature process can induce nanoscale pores at core/shell interfaces by Kirkendall effect,and even the eventual coalescence into a single cavity.Additionally,the oxidation states of NPs with diameters(d)varying from 60 to 350 nm were analyzed in detail,revealing two typical configurations:hollow(d<150 nm)and yolk-shell structures(d>150 nm).The experimental results were complemented by first-principles calculations to investigate the diffusion behaviors of five elements,evidencing that the surface oxidation strongly alters the surface segregation preferences:(1)in the initial stage,Cu and Ni appear to prefer segregating on the surface,while Co,Ti and Fe tend to stay in the bulk;(2)in the oxidation process,Cu prefers to stay in the center,while Ti segregates to the surface ascribed to the reduced po-tential energies.The study gives new insights into oxidation of nanoscale HEA,and also provides a way for fabrication of high-entropy oxides with controllable architectures.展开更多
The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by ...The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment,in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor,is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes.This information can be used to produce a precise,data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay.The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method.Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods.A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated.Given the reactor fission fractions,the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2%precision.In addition,we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method.展开更多
基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52225312)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2021C01033,2023C01077)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1908220).
文摘High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted extensive attention ascribed to their unique physical and chemical properties induced by the cocktail effect.However,their oxidation behaviors,in particular at nanoscale,are still lack because of multi-element complexity,which could also be completely differ-ent from the bulk counterparts.In this work,we synthesized FeCoNiTiCu five-element HEA nanopar-ticles(NPs)with uniform elemental distribution by arc-discharging approach,and further investigated their oxidation behaviors at 250 ℃,and 350 ℃.The morphology,structure and element distribution of NPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS).The surface oxidation in FeCoNiTiCu NPs during the high-temperature process can induce nanoscale pores at core/shell interfaces by Kirkendall effect,and even the eventual coalescence into a single cavity.Additionally,the oxidation states of NPs with diameters(d)varying from 60 to 350 nm were analyzed in detail,revealing two typical configurations:hollow(d<150 nm)and yolk-shell structures(d>150 nm).The experimental results were complemented by first-principles calculations to investigate the diffusion behaviors of five elements,evidencing that the surface oxidation strongly alters the surface segregation preferences:(1)in the initial stage,Cu and Ni appear to prefer segregating on the surface,while Co,Ti and Fe tend to stay in the bulk;(2)in the oxidation process,Cu prefers to stay in the center,while Ti segregates to the surface ascribed to the reduced po-tential energies.The study gives new insights into oxidation of nanoscale HEA,and also provides a way for fabrication of high-entropy oxides with controllable architectures.
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe U.S.Department of Energy,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金the Guangdong provincial governmentthe Shenzhen municipal government,the China General Nuclear Power Group,the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,the Ministry of Education in TWthe U.S.National Science Foundation,the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic,the Charles University Research Centre UNCE,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna,Russiathe National Commission of Scientific and Technological Research of Chile。
文摘The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment,in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor,is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes.This information can be used to produce a precise,data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay.The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method.Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods.A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated.Given the reactor fission fractions,the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2%precision.In addition,we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method.
