The objective of this work is to study the cryogenic sheet metal forming behaviour of precipitation hardening AW-6016-T4.In this regard,the flow curves and forming limit curves were obtained by tension and Nakazima ex...The objective of this work is to study the cryogenic sheet metal forming behaviour of precipitation hardening AW-6016-T4.In this regard,the flow curves and forming limit curves were obtained by tension and Nakazima experimental testing methods in thetemperature ranges from-196to25°C.It was found that strength and elongation increase with decreasing temperature.Small butperceived differences between microstructure of the material deformed at the room and cryogenic temperatures respectively wereidentified by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis.However,no significant difference in the precipitation kinetics duringcontinuous heating in the DSC has been observed.This study has demonstrated the potential of cryogenic forming by manufacturinga B-pillar part with8mm depth of side design element as compared to6mm at room temperature.展开更多
In this paper we present the modelling of elastic intra-species electron-electron and inter-species electron-ion scattering in a plasma on the basis of the FokkerPlanck collision operator.Taking into account the equiv...In this paper we present the modelling of elastic intra-species electron-electron and inter-species electron-ion scattering in a plasma on the basis of the FokkerPlanck collision operator.Taking into account the equivalence of this operator with a stochastic differential equation,we propose a Particle-in-Cell based approach for the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck collision term.As we will see,the introduced numerical concept allows the simulation of the collisional relaxation process in a fully self-consistent fashion.展开更多
基金the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) for sponsoring the project Kryo Alu in the framework of Kooperative F&E-Projekte-Industrielle Forschung, Experimentelle Entwicklung
文摘The objective of this work is to study the cryogenic sheet metal forming behaviour of precipitation hardening AW-6016-T4.In this regard,the flow curves and forming limit curves were obtained by tension and Nakazima experimental testing methods in thetemperature ranges from-196to25°C.It was found that strength and elongation increase with decreasing temperature.Small butperceived differences between microstructure of the material deformed at the room and cryogenic temperatures respectively wereidentified by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis.However,no significant difference in the precipitation kinetics duringcontinuous heating in the DSC has been observed.This study has demonstrated the potential of cryogenic forming by manufacturinga B-pillar part with8mm depth of side design element as compared to6mm at room temperature.
文摘In this paper we present the modelling of elastic intra-species electron-electron and inter-species electron-ion scattering in a plasma on the basis of the FokkerPlanck collision operator.Taking into account the equivalence of this operator with a stochastic differential equation,we propose a Particle-in-Cell based approach for the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck collision term.As we will see,the introduced numerical concept allows the simulation of the collisional relaxation process in a fully self-consistent fashion.
