AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated f...AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated from fed rats were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, and incubated in sealed flasks under O2/CO2 or N2/CO2 (95%/5%, V/V) for 30 or 60 min, followed by 5 or 10 min of reoxygenation, with an added volatile anesthetic or not. ATP, ADP, and adenosine monophosphate in hepatocytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and energy charge was calculated. RESULTS: During 30 min of anoxia, the energy charge and total adenine nudeotide steadily increased with the isoflurane dose from 0 to 2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC), then decreased from 2 to 3 MAC. In short incubations (30-35 min) at 1 MAC isoflurane, energy charge modestly decreased during anoxia, which was partially prevented by isoflurane and completely reversed by reoxygenation, and total adenine nudeotide did not decrease. In long incubations (60-70 min), both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide greatly decreased during anoxia, with partial and no reversal by reoxygenation, respectively. Isoflurane partly prevented decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during anoxia and reoxygenation. In addition, 1 MAC isoflurane obviously increased ATP/ADP, which could not be changed by 1 MAC halothane. CONCLUSION: Isoflurane partially protects isolated hepatocytes against decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during short (reversible) or long (irreversible) anoxia.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of insulin on decreasing serum potassium concentration during anhepatic stage of orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS:Sixteen patients with serum potassium concentrations grea...AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of insulin on decreasing serum potassium concentration during anhepatic stage of orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS:Sixteen patients with serum potassium concentrations greater than 4.0 mmol/L at the onset of anhepatic stage were randomized into two groups.The patients in control group (n=8) received no treatment, while those in treatment group (n=8) received an intravenous bolus injection of regular insulin (20U) 10 min into the anhepatic stage,followed by a glucose infusion (500mL 50g/L dextrose) over 15 min. RESULTS:In control group,potassium concentration underwent no changes whereas in treatment group,it decreased from 4.8±0.48 mmol/L to 4.19±0.55 mmol/L (mean±SD) within 15 min and to 3.62±0.45 mmol/L 60 min after the therapy.The potassium concentration was lower in treatment group than in control group within 30 min of treatment (3.94±0.57 vs 4.47±0.42 mmol/L, respectively;P<0.05),and increased similarly 30 s after graft reperfusion in both groups of patients,but remained lower in treatment group (5.81±2.78 vs 7.44±1.75 mmol/L, respectively;P<0.05).The potassium concentration returned to pre-reperfusion levels within 5 min after graft reperfusion. CONCLUSION:In patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation,the administration of insulin rapidly decreases serum potassium concentration even in the absence of the liver,suggesting an important contribution by extrahepatic tissues in insulin-stimulated uptake of potassium.展开更多
Enabling lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)to operate in a wider temperature range,e.g.,as low or high as possible or capable of both,is an urgent need and shared goal.Here we report,for the first time,a low-temperature elec...Enabling lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)to operate in a wider temperature range,e.g.,as low or high as possible or capable of both,is an urgent need and shared goal.Here we report,for the first time,a low-temperature electrolyte consisting of traditional ethylene carbonate,methyl acetate,butyronitrile solvents,and 1 M LiPF_(6) salt,attributed to its very low freezing point(T_(f)=-126.3℃)and high ion conductivity at extremely low temperatures(0.21 m S/cm at-100℃),successfully extends the service temperature of a practical 9.6 Ah LIB down to-100℃(49.6%capacity retention compared to that at room temperature),which is the lowest temperature reported for practical cells so far as we know,and is lower than the lowest natural temperature(-89.2℃)recorded on earth.Meanwhile,the high-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries is not affected.The capacity retention is 88.2%and 83.4%after 800 cycles at 25℃and 45℃,respectively.The progress also makes LIB a proper power supplier for space vehicles in astronautic explorations.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39900140
文摘AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated from fed rats were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, and incubated in sealed flasks under O2/CO2 or N2/CO2 (95%/5%, V/V) for 30 or 60 min, followed by 5 or 10 min of reoxygenation, with an added volatile anesthetic or not. ATP, ADP, and adenosine monophosphate in hepatocytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and energy charge was calculated. RESULTS: During 30 min of anoxia, the energy charge and total adenine nudeotide steadily increased with the isoflurane dose from 0 to 2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC), then decreased from 2 to 3 MAC. In short incubations (30-35 min) at 1 MAC isoflurane, energy charge modestly decreased during anoxia, which was partially prevented by isoflurane and completely reversed by reoxygenation, and total adenine nudeotide did not decrease. In long incubations (60-70 min), both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide greatly decreased during anoxia, with partial and no reversal by reoxygenation, respectively. Isoflurane partly prevented decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during anoxia and reoxygenation. In addition, 1 MAC isoflurane obviously increased ATP/ADP, which could not be changed by 1 MAC halothane. CONCLUSION: Isoflurane partially protects isolated hepatocytes against decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during short (reversible) or long (irreversible) anoxia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39900140
文摘AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of insulin on decreasing serum potassium concentration during anhepatic stage of orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS:Sixteen patients with serum potassium concentrations greater than 4.0 mmol/L at the onset of anhepatic stage were randomized into two groups.The patients in control group (n=8) received no treatment, while those in treatment group (n=8) received an intravenous bolus injection of regular insulin (20U) 10 min into the anhepatic stage,followed by a glucose infusion (500mL 50g/L dextrose) over 15 min. RESULTS:In control group,potassium concentration underwent no changes whereas in treatment group,it decreased from 4.8±0.48 mmol/L to 4.19±0.55 mmol/L (mean±SD) within 15 min and to 3.62±0.45 mmol/L 60 min after the therapy.The potassium concentration was lower in treatment group than in control group within 30 min of treatment (3.94±0.57 vs 4.47±0.42 mmol/L, respectively;P<0.05),and increased similarly 30 s after graft reperfusion in both groups of patients,but remained lower in treatment group (5.81±2.78 vs 7.44±1.75 mmol/L, respectively;P<0.05).The potassium concentration returned to pre-reperfusion levels within 5 min after graft reperfusion. CONCLUSION:In patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation,the administration of insulin rapidly decreases serum potassium concentration even in the absence of the liver,suggesting an important contribution by extrahepatic tissues in insulin-stimulated uptake of potassium.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1964205)Talent of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Jiangsu Province(2020)。
文摘Enabling lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)to operate in a wider temperature range,e.g.,as low or high as possible or capable of both,is an urgent need and shared goal.Here we report,for the first time,a low-temperature electrolyte consisting of traditional ethylene carbonate,methyl acetate,butyronitrile solvents,and 1 M LiPF_(6) salt,attributed to its very low freezing point(T_(f)=-126.3℃)and high ion conductivity at extremely low temperatures(0.21 m S/cm at-100℃),successfully extends the service temperature of a practical 9.6 Ah LIB down to-100℃(49.6%capacity retention compared to that at room temperature),which is the lowest temperature reported for practical cells so far as we know,and is lower than the lowest natural temperature(-89.2℃)recorded on earth.Meanwhile,the high-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries is not affected.The capacity retention is 88.2%and 83.4%after 800 cycles at 25℃and 45℃,respectively.The progress also makes LIB a proper power supplier for space vehicles in astronautic explorations.
