Background:Sperm abnormalities are one of the primary factors leading to male sterility,but their pathogenesis is still unclear.Although miRNAs are suggested to exert important roles in the regulation of spermatogenes...Background:Sperm abnormalities are one of the primary factors leading to male sterility,but their pathogenesis is still unclear.Although miRNAs are suggested to exert important roles in the regulation of spermatogenesis at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels,little is currently known regarding the regulation of sperm flagella assembly by microRNAs(miRNAs).The role of miRNAs in the development of sperm abnormalities in sterile triploid fish has not been studied.Results:In this study,we found that miR-199-5p was widely expressed in all detected tissues of different-ploidy crucian carp.As one of the testis-specific candidate markers,Tekt1 was predominantly expressed in the testis.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analyses showed that the expression trend of miR-199-5p was exactly opposite to that of Tekt1.Through bioinformatics analysis,we identified a putative miR-199-5p binding site in the Tekt1 mRNA.We further identified Tekt1 as a target of miR-199-5p using luciferase reporter assay.Finally,we confirmed that miR-199-5p was necessary for sperm flagellar assembly and spermatogenesis in vivo via intraperitoneal injection of miR-199-5p antagomir or agomir in diploid red crucian carp.Moreover,miR-199-5p gainof-function could lead to spermatids apoptosis and abnormal spermatozoa structure,which is similar to that of allotriploid crucian carp.Conclusions:Our studies suggested that abnormally elevated miR-199-5p inhibited the sperm flagella formation in spermiogenesis by negatively regulating the expression of Tekt1,thereby causing sperm abnormalities of male allotriploid crucian carp.展开更多
Most image segmentation methods based on clustering algorithms use singleobjective function to implement image segmentation.To avoid the defect,this paper proposes a new image segmentation method based on a multi-obje...Most image segmentation methods based on clustering algorithms use singleobjective function to implement image segmentation.To avoid the defect,this paper proposes a new image segmentation method based on a multi-objective particle swarm optimization(PSO)clustering algorithm.This unsupervised algorithm not only offers a new similarity computing approach based on electromagnetic forces,but also obtains the proper number of clusters which is determined by scale-space theory.It is experimentally demonstrated that the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective PSO clustering algorithm.展开更多
A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasmasintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) and the effects on microstructure and anisotropictran...A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasmasintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) and the effects on microstructure and anisotropictransport properties were investigated. Results revealed an effective reduction of average grain size dueto LASE and a high texturing in the bulks. Moreover, along the in-plane direction, electrical conductivitywas increased noticeably due to an enhanced carrier concentration, leading to a significantly improvedpower factor of 25 μW cm^(–1) K^(–2) at 303 K. Meanwhile, the total thermal conductivity was reduced effectively owing to reduction both in lattice component due to enhanced phonon scattering with the grainsize reduction, and in the bipolar component inhibited by the increased carrier concentration. Ultimately,a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.83 was obtained at 448 K along the in-plane direction, increased by 95% compared with the pristine one. These results demonstrate the LASE process as auseful assistant method for enhancing the TE performance of layered materials.展开更多
In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/I co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs...In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/I co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs act as the“bridges”to accelerate the electron carrier transport between SnSe grains,leading to significantly increased electrical conductivity from 32.6 to 45.7 S cm^(−1)at 773 K,which con-tributes to an enhanced power factor of∼5.0μW cm^(−1)K^(−2)at this temperature.Although MWCNTs possess high intrinsic thermal conductivities,these MWCNTs,acting as nanoinclusions in the SnSe matrix to form the dense interfaces between SnSe and MWCNTs,provide extra heat-carrying phonon scattering centers,leading to a slightly reduced lattice thermal conductivity of only 0.34 W m^(−1)K^(−2)at 773 K and in turn,a high ZT of∼1.0 at this temperature.Furthermore,the introduced MWCNTs can simultane-ously act as the“binders”to bond adjacent grains,significantly improving the mechanical properties of SnSe by boosting its Vickers hardness from 39.5 to 50.5.This work indicates that our facile approach can achieve high thermoelectric and mechanical properties in n-type SnSe polycrystals with a considerable potential for applying to thermoelectric devices as n-type elements.展开更多
High lattice thermal conductivity of intrinsic GeTe limits the wide application of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.Recently,the optimization of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials has been focusing on reducing lattice ther...High lattice thermal conductivity of intrinsic GeTe limits the wide application of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.Recently,the optimization of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials has been focusing on reducing lattice thermal conductivity via strengthening phonon scattering.In this study,we systematically studied thermoelectric properties of Se-alloyed Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te via theoretical calculations,structural characterizations,and performance evaluations.Our results indicate that Se-alloying can induce dense point defects with mass/strain-field fluctuations and correspondingly enhance point defect phonon scattering of the Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix.Se-alloying might also change chemical bonding strength to introduce resonant states in the base frequency of Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix,which can strengthen Umklapp phonon scattering.Finally,a decreased lattice thermal conductivity from∼1.02 W m^(−1) K^(−1) to∼0.65 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 723 K is obtained in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(1-x) Se_(x) pellets with increasing the Se content from 0 to 0.3.A peak figure of merit of∼1.6 at 723 K is achieved in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(0.7) Se_(0.3) pellet,which is∼77%higher than that of pristine GeTe.This study extends the understanding on the thermoelectric performance of GeTe.展开更多
In this paper,the difference of income and consumption levels between Chinese and Japanese town dwellers'is compared,based on the purchasing power parity of each currency.The results using a historical series of t...In this paper,the difference of income and consumption levels between Chinese and Japanese town dwellers'is compared,based on the purchasing power parity of each currency.The results using a historical series of the data and cross section data of the two countries are shown.And whenever the classification of Chinese and Japanese data is inconsistent,we reclassify Chinese material according to the Japanese classification.展开更多
According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers h...According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers have hardly cultivated their students’morpheme awareness.In English learning,it is found that English morpheme awareness plays a role in promoting English learning.It can be seen from the relevant literature that the identification of English morphemes is very important for English learners’language acquisition and development,and has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.This paper mainly studies the influence of morpheme awareness on junior middle school English learners’reading comprehension.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 83...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 839 patients with non-metastatic NPC recruited from two independent institutions.The training-set cohort and the external validation-set cohort was comprised of 459 and 380 patients from each institution,respectively.The optimal cut-offvalue of SII was determined,and a prognostic risk stratification model was developed based on the training cohort and further assessed in the validation cohort.The propensity score matching(PSM)method was applied to minimize the confounding effects of unbalanced covariables.Results:The optimal cut-offvalue of the SII in the training cohort was 686,which was confirmed using the vali-dation cohort.Multivariate analysis showed that both before and after PSM,SII values>686 were independently associated with worse progression-free survival(PFS)ratio in both cohorts(before PSM,P=0.008 and P=0.008;after PSM,P=0.008 and P=0.007,respectively).Based on the analysis of independent prognostic factors of SII and N stage,we developed a categorical risk stratification model,which achieved significant discrimination among risk indexes associated with PFS and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)in the training cohort.There was no significant difference in PFS between RT alone and combined therapies within the low-and intermediate-risk groups(5-year PFS,77.5%vs.75.3%,P=0.275).Patients in the high-risk group who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy experienced superior PFS compared with those who received other therapies(5-year PFS,64.9%vs.40.3%,P=0.003).Conclusion:Pretreatment SII predicts PFS of patients with non-metastatic NPC.Prognostic risk stratification incorporating SII is instructive for selecting individualized treatment.展开更多
Background:Blood-based cell-free DNA(cfDNA)methylation testing has emerged as a promising approach for multi-cancer early detection(MCED),holding the potential to improve cancer survival rates.However,traditional bisu...Background:Blood-based cell-free DNA(cfDNA)methylation testing has emerged as a promising approach for multi-cancer early detection(MCED),holding the potential to improve cancer survival rates.However,traditional bisulfite-based methods often encounter sensitivity limitations in detecting early-stage malignancies or certain cancer types.In the INSPECTOR study,we developed a MCED and cancer signal origin(CSO)system specifically designed for early-stage or hard-to-detect cancers,including those of the lung,breast,colorectum,liver,esophagus,stomach,pancreas,and ovary.Methods:We established a comprehensive methylation marker discovery database(n=6,342)by integrating public datasets(n=4,699)and in-house samples(n=1,643),all processed using human TET(hTET)enzyme-assisted whole-methylome sequencing(GM-seq).This enabled the design of a targeted panel encompassing 155,362 methylated CpG sites.Leveraging hTET-assisted high-depth next-generation sequencing(NGS),our blood test achieved amedian unique depth of 1,093×.Multicenter case-control cohorts,including various pathological subtypes,were used for training,validation,and independent validation of MCED and CSO models,and to verify the clinical feasibility.Results:Clinical validation was conducted across multi-center case-control cohorts,including 1,071 participants in the training set,581 in the validation set,and 824 in the independent validation set.TheMCEDassay demonstrated robust performancewith a specificity of 99.1%and sensitivity of 83.2%in the training set,99.0%and 81.8%in the validation set,and comparable results in the independent validation set(99.0%specificity,81.9%sensitivity).Notably,sensitivity reached 65.5%for stage I cancers,79.7%for stage II,and 71.3%for stages I-II combined.The sensitivities for different cancer types were as follows:esophageal(79.2%),gastric(76.1%),colorectal(86.2%),pancreatic(66.7%),liver(100.0%),lung(72.9%),breast(88.9%),and ovarian(87.9%).The CSO model exhibited strong accuracy,with top-1 cancer origin prediction rates of 87.9%(validation)and 87.4%(independent validation),rising to 95.1%and 94.5%for top-2 predictions,respectively.For stage I cancers specifically,the top-1 accuracy was 85.5%.Conclusions:These findings underscore the efficacy of the hTET-assisted cfDNA methylation sequencing system across diverse cancer types,particularly in early stages.Enzyme-assisted NGS test of methylated cfDNA thus enhances the clinical utility of non-invasive blood-based screening.展开更多
The white crucian carp(Carassius auratus cuvieri,WCC) not only is one of the most economically important fish in Asia,characterized by strong reproductive ability and rapid growth rates,but also represents a good germ...The white crucian carp(Carassius auratus cuvieri,WCC) not only is one of the most economically important fish in Asia,characterized by strong reproductive ability and rapid growth rates,but also represents a good germplasm to produce hybrid progenies with heterosis.Gene knockout technique provides a safe and acceptant way for fish breeding.Achieving gene knockout in WCC and its hybrid progeny will be of great importance for both genetic studies and hybridization breeding.Tyrosinase(TYR) is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis.Depletion of tyr in zebrafish and mice results in mosaic pigmentation or total albinism.Here,we successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 to target tyr in WCC and its hybrid progeny(WR) derived from the cross of WCC(♀) and red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.,RCC,♂).The level of TYR protein was significantly reduced in mutant WCC.Both the mutant WCC and the mutant WR showed different degrees of melanin reduction compared with the wild-type sibling control fish,resulting from different mutation efficiency ranging from 60% to 90%.In addition,the transcriptional expression profiles of a series of pivotal pigment synthesis genes,i.e.tyrp1,mitfa,mitfb,dct and sox10,were down-regulated in tyr-CRISPR WCC,which ultimately caused a reduction in melanin synthesis.These results demonstrated that tyr plays a key role in melanin synthesis in WCC and WR,and CRISPR-Cas9 is an effective tool for modifying the genome of economical fish.Furthermore,the tyr-CRISPR models could be valuable in understanding fundamental mechanisms of pigment formation in non-model fish.展开更多
In order to better evaluate the transport effect of nanoparticles through the nasal mucosa,an in vitro nasal cavity-mimic model was designed based on M cells.The differentiation of M cells was induced by co-culture of...In order to better evaluate the transport effect of nanoparticles through the nasal mucosa,an in vitro nasal cavity-mimic model was designed based on M cells.The differentiation of M cells was induced by co-culture of Calu-3 and Raji cells in invert model.The ZO-1 protein staining and the transport of fluorescein sodium and dexamethasone showed that the inverted co-culture model formed a dense monolayer and possessed the transport ability.The differentiation of M cells was observed by upregulated expression of Sialyl Lewis A antigen(SLAA)and integrinβ1,and down-regulated activity of alkaline phosphatase.After targeting M cells with iRGD peptide(cRGDKGPDC),the transport of nanoparticles increased.In vivo,the co-administration of iRGD could result in the increase of nanoparticles transported to the brain through the nasal cavity after intranasal administration.In the evaluation of immune effect in vivo,the nasal administration of OVA-PLGA/iRGD led to more release of IgG,IFN-γ,IL-2 and secretory IgA(sIgA)compared with OVA@PLGA group.Collectively,the study constructed in vitro M cell model,and proved the enhanced effect of targeting towards M cell with iRGD on improving nasal immunity.展开更多
Hybridization can combine the genomes of different strains or species, which leads to changes of genotype and phenotype in the hybrids. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic variations of hybrids(WR-F1 an...Hybridization can combine the genomes of different strains or species, which leads to changes of genotype and phenotype in the hybrids. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic variations of hybrids(WR-F1 and WR-F2) derived from the intraspecific hybridization of white crucian carp(Carassius auratus cuvieri, WCC, ♀) and red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var., RCC, ♂). Here, we compared the orthologous genes in the liver transcriptomes of hybrids with those of WCC and RCC, and classified the orthologous genes into eight gene patterns within three categories(chimera, mutant, and biparental origin genes).The results revealed 19.04%, 4.17% chimeric genes and 6.90%, 5.05% mutations of orthologous genes in WR-F1 and WR-F2 respectively. Seventeen of twenty-three characterized genes(77%) were confirmed to be the chimeras at the genomic DNA level.The GO classification discovered that some chimeric and mutant genes were related to metabolic process, immune system and developmental process in WR-F1. Our results provide the new evidence that hybridization can combine the parental genomes,leading to changes in the genotype of the resultant hybrids. This is the first report on the formation of chimeric genes from fish intraspecific hybridization, which is potentially interesting from the context of both evolution and the genetic breeding of fish.展开更多
Financing alternatives for small and medium enterprises in China are discussed in the present study. In particular, we analyze the significant changes and developments m China＇s ＂second board＂ stock market. China ...Financing alternatives for small and medium enterprises in China are discussed in the present study. In particular, we analyze the significant changes and developments m China＇s ＂second board＂ stock market. China ＇s extensive network of regional assets and equity exchanges, which were set up to facilitate private equity transfer, and non-performing loan transactions seem to partially fill the void for small and medium enterprises, which cannot easily obtain approval for listing on the stock exchanges. Foreign investors can identify investment opportunities in non-listed domestic state-owned and private businesses through these regional assets and equity exchanges. At the same time, foreign stock markets are now attracting the young Chinese enterprises to list their stocks on their exchanges.展开更多
Owing to the capability of the conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy and their advantages of light weight,compactness,noise-free operation,and precision reliability,wearable thermoelectrics show grea...Owing to the capability of the conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy and their advantages of light weight,compactness,noise-free operation,and precision reliability,wearable thermoelectrics show great potential for diverse applications.Among them,weavable thermoelectrics,a subclass with inherent flexibility,wearability,and operability,find utility in harnessing waste heat from irregular heat sources.Given the rapid advancements in this field,a timely review is essential to consolidate the progress and challenge.Here,we provide an overview of the state of weavable thermoelectric materials and devices in wearable smart textiles,encompassing mechanisms,materials,fabrications,device structures,and applications from recent advancements,challenges,and prospects.This review can serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field of flexible wearable thermoelectric materials and devices and their applications.展开更多
Organic thermoelectric fibers have great potential as wearable thermoelectric textiles because of their one-dimensional structure and high flexibility.However,the insufficient thermoelectric performance,high fabricati...Organic thermoelectric fibers have great potential as wearable thermoelectric textiles because of their one-dimensional structure and high flexibility.However,the insufficient thermoelectric performance,high fabrication cost,and mechanical fragility of most organic thermoelectric fibers significantly limit their practical applications.Here,we employ a rapid and cost-effective wet-spinning method to prepare dimethyl sulfoxide-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)fiber bundles,followed by rational post-treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid(98%H_(2)SO_(4))to enhance their thermoelectric performance.The wearable fiber bundles composed of multiple individual PEDOT:PSS fibers have effectively reduced resistance and overall high tensile strength and stability.Rational treatment with H_(2)SO_(4)partially removes excessive PSS,thereby increasing the electrical conductivity to 4464 S cm‒1,while the parallel bundle is also a major factor in improving the power factor of up to 80.8μW m^(‒1)K^(‒2),which is super-competitive compared with those of currently published studies.Besides,the thermoelectric device based on these fiber bundles exhibits high flexibility and promising output power of 2.25 nW at a temperature difference of 25 K.Our work provides insights into the fabrication of all-organic flexible high-conductivity textiles with high thermoelectric properties.展开更多
Distant hybridization is an important technique in fish genetic breeding.In this study,based on the establishment of an allodiploid fish lineage(BT,2n=48,F_(1)–F_(6))derived from distant hybridization between female ...Distant hybridization is an important technique in fish genetic breeding.In this study,based on the establishment of an allodiploid fish lineage(BT,2n=48,F_(1)–F_(6))derived from distant hybridization between female Megalobrama amblycephala(BSB,2n=48)and male Culter alburnus(TC,2n=48),and the backcross progeny(BTB,2n=48)derived by backcrossing female F_(1) of BT to male BSB,an improved hybrid bream(BTBB,2n=48)was obtained by backcrossing BTB(♀)to BSB(♂).Moreover,the morphological and genetic characteristics of BTBB individuals were investigated;BTBB was similar to BSB in appearance but had a higher body height than BSB.The study results regarding chromosome numbers and DNA content indicated that BTBB is a diploid hybrid fish.The 5S rDNA and Hox gene of BTBB were inherited from the original parents.Gonadal development in BTBB was normal.On the other hand,BTBB had a faster growth rate,higher muscle protein level,and lower muscle carbohydrate level than BSB.Hence,bisexual fertile BTBB is promoted and can be applied as a high-quality fish,and it can also be used as a new fish germplasm resource to develop high-quality fish further.Thus,this study is of great significance for fish genetic breeding.展开更多
The basic mechanism of heterosis has not been systematically and completely characterized.In previous studies,we obtained three economically important fishes that exhibit rapid growth,WR(WCC♀×RCC♂),WR-Ⅱ(WR♀&#...The basic mechanism of heterosis has not been systematically and completely characterized.In previous studies,we obtained three economically important fishes that exhibit rapid growth,WR(WCC♀×RCC♂),WR-Ⅱ(WR♀×WCC♂),and WR-Ⅲ(WR-Ⅱ♀×4nAU♂),through distant hybridization.However,the mechanism underlying this rapid growth remains unclear.In this study,we found that WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲshowed muscle hypertrophy and higher muscle protein and fat contents compared with their parent species(RCC and WCC).Candidate genes responsible for this rapid growth were then obtained through an analysis of 12 muscle transcriptomes.Notably,the mRNA level of mstnb(myostatin b),which is a negative regulator of myogenesis,was significantly reduced in WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲcompared with the parent species.To verify the function of mstnb,a mstnb-deficient mutant RCC line was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique.The average body weight of mstnb-deficient RCC at 12 months of age was significantly increased by 29.57%compared with that in wild-type siblings.Moreover,the area and number of muscle fibers were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC,indicating hypertrophy and hyperplasia.Furthermore,the muscle protein and fat contents were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC.The molecular regulatory mechanism of mstnb was then revealed by transcription profiling,which showed that genes related to myogenesis(myod,myog,and myf5),protein synthesis(PI3K-AKT-mTOR),and lipogenesis(pparγand fabp3)were highly activated in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC.This study revealed that low expression or deficiency of mstnb regulates somatic growth by promoting myogenesis,protein synthesis,and lipogenesis in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC,which provides evidence for the molecular mechanism of heterosis via distant hybridization.展开更多
A convenient copper-catalyzed approach has been developed for the synthesis of substituted spiro-fused pyrazolin-5-ones from readily available cyclopropyl O-acyl ketoximes via an intramolecular N-N bond formation reac...A convenient copper-catalyzed approach has been developed for the synthesis of substituted spiro-fused pyrazolin-5-ones from readily available cyclopropyl O-acyl ketoximes via an intramolecular N-N bond formation reaction. These catalytic reactions proceed in excellent yields with a broad scope.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872551)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(Grant No.NT2021008)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2020JJ2022)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(Grant No.CX20200480)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-45)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020NK2016)111 Project(D20007).
文摘Background:Sperm abnormalities are one of the primary factors leading to male sterility,but their pathogenesis is still unclear.Although miRNAs are suggested to exert important roles in the regulation of spermatogenesis at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels,little is currently known regarding the regulation of sperm flagella assembly by microRNAs(miRNAs).The role of miRNAs in the development of sperm abnormalities in sterile triploid fish has not been studied.Results:In this study,we found that miR-199-5p was widely expressed in all detected tissues of different-ploidy crucian carp.As one of the testis-specific candidate markers,Tekt1 was predominantly expressed in the testis.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analyses showed that the expression trend of miR-199-5p was exactly opposite to that of Tekt1.Through bioinformatics analysis,we identified a putative miR-199-5p binding site in the Tekt1 mRNA.We further identified Tekt1 as a target of miR-199-5p using luciferase reporter assay.Finally,we confirmed that miR-199-5p was necessary for sperm flagellar assembly and spermatogenesis in vivo via intraperitoneal injection of miR-199-5p antagomir or agomir in diploid red crucian carp.Moreover,miR-199-5p gainof-function could lead to spermatids apoptosis and abnormal spermatozoa structure,which is similar to that of allotriploid crucian carp.Conclusions:Our studies suggested that abnormally elevated miR-199-5p inhibited the sperm flagella formation in spermiogenesis by negatively regulating the expression of Tekt1,thereby causing sperm abnormalities of male allotriploid crucian carp.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61772242,61402204,61572239)Research Fund for Advanced Talents of Jiangsu University(No.14JDG141)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of Zhenjiang City(No.SH20140110)Special Software Development Foundation of Zhenjiang City(No.201322)Science and Technology Support Foundation of Zhenjiang City(Industrial)(No.GY2014013).
文摘Most image segmentation methods based on clustering algorithms use singleobjective function to implement image segmentation.To avoid the defect,this paper proposes a new image segmentation method based on a multi-objective particle swarm optimization(PSO)clustering algorithm.This unsupervised algorithm not only offers a new similarity computing approach based on electromagnetic forces,but also obtains the proper number of clusters which is determined by scale-space theory.It is experimentally demonstrated that the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective PSO clustering algorithm.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672127)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasmasintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) and the effects on microstructure and anisotropictransport properties were investigated. Results revealed an effective reduction of average grain size dueto LASE and a high texturing in the bulks. Moreover, along the in-plane direction, electrical conductivitywas increased noticeably due to an enhanced carrier concentration, leading to a significantly improvedpower factor of 25 μW cm^(–1) K^(–2) at 303 K. Meanwhile, the total thermal conductivity was reduced effectively owing to reduction both in lattice component due to enhanced phonon scattering with the grainsize reduction, and in the bipolar component inhibited by the increased carrier concentration. Ultimately,a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.83 was obtained at 448 K along the in-plane direction, increased by 95% compared with the pristine one. These results demonstrate the LASE process as auseful assistant method for enhancing the TE performance of layered materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972170)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.ZK201812)+4 种基金the CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials(No.KLCMKFJJ2002)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Programthe financially support from the Australian Research Council,Innovation centre for Sustainable Steel(ICSS)USQ strategic research grant
文摘In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/I co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs act as the“bridges”to accelerate the electron carrier transport between SnSe grains,leading to significantly increased electrical conductivity from 32.6 to 45.7 S cm^(−1)at 773 K,which con-tributes to an enhanced power factor of∼5.0μW cm^(−1)K^(−2)at this temperature.Although MWCNTs possess high intrinsic thermal conductivities,these MWCNTs,acting as nanoinclusions in the SnSe matrix to form the dense interfaces between SnSe and MWCNTs,provide extra heat-carrying phonon scattering centers,leading to a slightly reduced lattice thermal conductivity of only 0.34 W m^(−1)K^(−2)at 773 K and in turn,a high ZT of∼1.0 at this temperature.Furthermore,the introduced MWCNTs can simultane-ously act as the“binders”to bond adjacent grains,significantly improving the mechanical properties of SnSe by boosting its Vickers hardness from 39.5 to 50.5.This work indicates that our facile approach can achieve high thermoelectric and mechanical properties in n-type SnSe polycrystals with a considerable potential for applying to thermoelectric devices as n-type elements.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51972170)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (No.ZK201812)+5 种基金the CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials (No.KLCMKFJJ2002)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Programfinacial support from the Australian Research CouncilUSQ start-up grantUSQ strategic research grant。
文摘High lattice thermal conductivity of intrinsic GeTe limits the wide application of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.Recently,the optimization of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials has been focusing on reducing lattice thermal conductivity via strengthening phonon scattering.In this study,we systematically studied thermoelectric properties of Se-alloyed Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te via theoretical calculations,structural characterizations,and performance evaluations.Our results indicate that Se-alloying can induce dense point defects with mass/strain-field fluctuations and correspondingly enhance point defect phonon scattering of the Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix.Se-alloying might also change chemical bonding strength to introduce resonant states in the base frequency of Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix,which can strengthen Umklapp phonon scattering.Finally,a decreased lattice thermal conductivity from∼1.02 W m^(−1) K^(−1) to∼0.65 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 723 K is obtained in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(1-x) Se_(x) pellets with increasing the Se content from 0 to 0.3.A peak figure of merit of∼1.6 at 723 K is achieved in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(0.7) Se_(0.3) pellet,which is∼77%higher than that of pristine GeTe.This study extends the understanding on the thermoelectric performance of GeTe.
文摘In this paper,the difference of income and consumption levels between Chinese and Japanese town dwellers'is compared,based on the purchasing power parity of each currency.The results using a historical series of the data and cross section data of the two countries are shown.And whenever the classification of Chinese and Japanese data is inconsistent,we reclassify Chinese material according to the Japanese classification.
文摘According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers have hardly cultivated their students’morpheme awareness.In English learning,it is found that English morpheme awareness plays a role in promoting English learning.It can be seen from the relevant literature that the identification of English morphemes is very important for English learners’language acquisition and development,and has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.This paper mainly studies the influence of morpheme awareness on junior middle school English learners’reading comprehension.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 839 patients with non-metastatic NPC recruited from two independent institutions.The training-set cohort and the external validation-set cohort was comprised of 459 and 380 patients from each institution,respectively.The optimal cut-offvalue of SII was determined,and a prognostic risk stratification model was developed based on the training cohort and further assessed in the validation cohort.The propensity score matching(PSM)method was applied to minimize the confounding effects of unbalanced covariables.Results:The optimal cut-offvalue of the SII in the training cohort was 686,which was confirmed using the vali-dation cohort.Multivariate analysis showed that both before and after PSM,SII values>686 were independently associated with worse progression-free survival(PFS)ratio in both cohorts(before PSM,P=0.008 and P=0.008;after PSM,P=0.008 and P=0.007,respectively).Based on the analysis of independent prognostic factors of SII and N stage,we developed a categorical risk stratification model,which achieved significant discrimination among risk indexes associated with PFS and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)in the training cohort.There was no significant difference in PFS between RT alone and combined therapies within the low-and intermediate-risk groups(5-year PFS,77.5%vs.75.3%,P=0.275).Patients in the high-risk group who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy experienced superior PFS compared with those who received other therapies(5-year PFS,64.9%vs.40.3%,P=0.003).Conclusion:Pretreatment SII predicts PFS of patients with non-metastatic NPC.Prognostic risk stratification incorporating SII is instructive for selecting individualized treatment.
基金the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Prevention Center,Sun Yat-sen University(SL-B2023-717-01)Chinese PLA General Hospital(S2021-427-01)+2 种基金The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(2024ZSLYEC-361)Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital(IRB-PJ-2024-043)Shenzhen Bao’an District Songgang People’s Hospital(PY202408020003).
文摘Background:Blood-based cell-free DNA(cfDNA)methylation testing has emerged as a promising approach for multi-cancer early detection(MCED),holding the potential to improve cancer survival rates.However,traditional bisulfite-based methods often encounter sensitivity limitations in detecting early-stage malignancies or certain cancer types.In the INSPECTOR study,we developed a MCED and cancer signal origin(CSO)system specifically designed for early-stage or hard-to-detect cancers,including those of the lung,breast,colorectum,liver,esophagus,stomach,pancreas,and ovary.Methods:We established a comprehensive methylation marker discovery database(n=6,342)by integrating public datasets(n=4,699)and in-house samples(n=1,643),all processed using human TET(hTET)enzyme-assisted whole-methylome sequencing(GM-seq).This enabled the design of a targeted panel encompassing 155,362 methylated CpG sites.Leveraging hTET-assisted high-depth next-generation sequencing(NGS),our blood test achieved amedian unique depth of 1,093×.Multicenter case-control cohorts,including various pathological subtypes,were used for training,validation,and independent validation of MCED and CSO models,and to verify the clinical feasibility.Results:Clinical validation was conducted across multi-center case-control cohorts,including 1,071 participants in the training set,581 in the validation set,and 824 in the independent validation set.TheMCEDassay demonstrated robust performancewith a specificity of 99.1%and sensitivity of 83.2%in the training set,99.0%and 81.8%in the validation set,and comparable results in the independent validation set(99.0%specificity,81.9%sensitivity).Notably,sensitivity reached 65.5%for stage I cancers,79.7%for stage II,and 71.3%for stages I-II combined.The sensitivities for different cancer types were as follows:esophageal(79.2%),gastric(76.1%),colorectal(86.2%),pancreatic(66.7%),liver(100.0%),lung(72.9%),breast(88.9%),and ovarian(87.9%).The CSO model exhibited strong accuracy,with top-1 cancer origin prediction rates of 87.9%(validation)and 87.4%(independent validation),rising to 95.1%and 94.5%for top-2 predictions,respectively.For stage I cancers specifically,the top-1 accuracy was 85.5%.Conclusions:These findings underscore the efficacy of the hTET-assisted cfDNA methylation sequencing system across diverse cancer types,particularly in early stages.Enzyme-assisted NGS test of methylated cfDNA thus enhances the clinical utility of non-invasive blood-based screening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31430088, 31730098)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-45)+2 种基金the Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering and New Products for Developmental Biology of Hunan Province (20134486)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (14JJ2062)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province, China (16B160)
文摘The white crucian carp(Carassius auratus cuvieri,WCC) not only is one of the most economically important fish in Asia,characterized by strong reproductive ability and rapid growth rates,but also represents a good germplasm to produce hybrid progenies with heterosis.Gene knockout technique provides a safe and acceptant way for fish breeding.Achieving gene knockout in WCC and its hybrid progeny will be of great importance for both genetic studies and hybridization breeding.Tyrosinase(TYR) is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis.Depletion of tyr in zebrafish and mice results in mosaic pigmentation or total albinism.Here,we successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 to target tyr in WCC and its hybrid progeny(WR) derived from the cross of WCC(♀) and red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.,RCC,♂).The level of TYR protein was significantly reduced in mutant WCC.Both the mutant WCC and the mutant WR showed different degrees of melanin reduction compared with the wild-type sibling control fish,resulting from different mutation efficiency ranging from 60% to 90%.In addition,the transcriptional expression profiles of a series of pivotal pigment synthesis genes,i.e.tyrp1,mitfa,mitfb,dct and sox10,were down-regulated in tyr-CRISPR WCC,which ultimately caused a reduction in melanin synthesis.These results demonstrated that tyr plays a key role in melanin synthesis in WCC and WR,and CRISPR-Cas9 is an effective tool for modifying the genome of economical fish.Furthermore,the tyr-CRISPR models could be valuable in understanding fundamental mechanisms of pigment formation in non-model fish.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603057)Research Funds of Sichuan Science and Technology Department(2019YJ0048 and 19YYJC2250,China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China),and 111 Project(B18035,China)
文摘In order to better evaluate the transport effect of nanoparticles through the nasal mucosa,an in vitro nasal cavity-mimic model was designed based on M cells.The differentiation of M cells was induced by co-culture of Calu-3 and Raji cells in invert model.The ZO-1 protein staining and the transport of fluorescein sodium and dexamethasone showed that the inverted co-culture model formed a dense monolayer and possessed the transport ability.The differentiation of M cells was observed by upregulated expression of Sialyl Lewis A antigen(SLAA)and integrinβ1,and down-regulated activity of alkaline phosphatase.After targeting M cells with iRGD peptide(cRGDKGPDC),the transport of nanoparticles increased.In vivo,the co-administration of iRGD could result in the increase of nanoparticles transported to the brain through the nasal cavity after intranasal administration.In the evaluation of immune effect in vivo,the nasal administration of OVA-PLGA/iRGD led to more release of IgG,IFN-γ,IL-2 and secretory IgA(sIgA)compared with OVA@PLGA group.Collectively,the study constructed in vitro M cell model,and proved the enhanced effect of targeting towards M cell with iRGD on improving nasal immunity.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31210103918, 31430088, 91631305)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-45)+1 种基金the Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering and New Products for Developmental Biology of Hunan Province (20134486)the Construction Project of Key Discipline of Hunan Province and China and Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (14JJ2062)
文摘Hybridization can combine the genomes of different strains or species, which leads to changes of genotype and phenotype in the hybrids. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic variations of hybrids(WR-F1 and WR-F2) derived from the intraspecific hybridization of white crucian carp(Carassius auratus cuvieri, WCC, ♀) and red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var., RCC, ♂). Here, we compared the orthologous genes in the liver transcriptomes of hybrids with those of WCC and RCC, and classified the orthologous genes into eight gene patterns within three categories(chimera, mutant, and biparental origin genes).The results revealed 19.04%, 4.17% chimeric genes and 6.90%, 5.05% mutations of orthologous genes in WR-F1 and WR-F2 respectively. Seventeen of twenty-three characterized genes(77%) were confirmed to be the chimeras at the genomic DNA level.The GO classification discovered that some chimeric and mutant genes were related to metabolic process, immune system and developmental process in WR-F1. Our results provide the new evidence that hybridization can combine the parental genomes,leading to changes in the genotype of the resultant hybrids. This is the first report on the formation of chimeric genes from fish intraspecific hybridization, which is potentially interesting from the context of both evolution and the genetic breeding of fish.
文摘Financing alternatives for small and medium enterprises in China are discussed in the present study. In particular, we analyze the significant changes and developments m China＇s ＂second board＂ stock market. China ＇s extensive network of regional assets and equity exchanges, which were set up to facilitate private equity transfer, and non-performing loan transactions seem to partially fill the void for small and medium enterprises, which cannot easily obtain approval for listing on the stock exchanges. Foreign investors can identify investment opportunities in non-listed domestic state-owned and private businesses through these regional assets and equity exchanges. At the same time, foreign stock markets are now attracting the young Chinese enterprises to list their stocks on their exchanges.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council and QUT Capacity Building Professor ProgramL Q F acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272040).
文摘Owing to the capability of the conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy and their advantages of light weight,compactness,noise-free operation,and precision reliability,wearable thermoelectrics show great potential for diverse applications.Among them,weavable thermoelectrics,a subclass with inherent flexibility,wearability,and operability,find utility in harnessing waste heat from irregular heat sources.Given the rapid advancements in this field,a timely review is essential to consolidate the progress and challenge.Here,we provide an overview of the state of weavable thermoelectric materials and devices in wearable smart textiles,encompassing mechanisms,materials,fabrications,device structures,and applications from recent advancements,challenges,and prospects.This review can serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field of flexible wearable thermoelectric materials and devices and their applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272040)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering program(SKL-MCE-23A04)the Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor Program.
文摘Organic thermoelectric fibers have great potential as wearable thermoelectric textiles because of their one-dimensional structure and high flexibility.However,the insufficient thermoelectric performance,high fabrication cost,and mechanical fragility of most organic thermoelectric fibers significantly limit their practical applications.Here,we employ a rapid and cost-effective wet-spinning method to prepare dimethyl sulfoxide-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)fiber bundles,followed by rational post-treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid(98%H_(2)SO_(4))to enhance their thermoelectric performance.The wearable fiber bundles composed of multiple individual PEDOT:PSS fibers have effectively reduced resistance and overall high tensile strength and stability.Rational treatment with H_(2)SO_(4)partially removes excessive PSS,thereby increasing the electrical conductivity to 4464 S cm‒1,while the parallel bundle is also a major factor in improving the power factor of up to 80.8μW m^(‒1)K^(‒2),which is super-competitive compared with those of currently published studies.Besides,the thermoelectric device based on these fiber bundles exhibits high flexibility and promising output power of 2.25 nW at a temperature difference of 25 K.Our work provides insights into the fabrication of all-organic flexible high-conductivity textiles with high thermoelectric properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730098,31802287,31430088,31872315,U19A2040)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45)+3 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science and Technology Major Project(2017NK1031)the Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering and New Products for Developmental Biology of Hunan Province(20134486)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0901202)the High-level Talent Agglomeration Program of Hunan,China(2019RS1044)。
文摘Distant hybridization is an important technique in fish genetic breeding.In this study,based on the establishment of an allodiploid fish lineage(BT,2n=48,F_(1)–F_(6))derived from distant hybridization between female Megalobrama amblycephala(BSB,2n=48)and male Culter alburnus(TC,2n=48),and the backcross progeny(BTB,2n=48)derived by backcrossing female F_(1) of BT to male BSB,an improved hybrid bream(BTBB,2n=48)was obtained by backcrossing BTB(♀)to BSB(♂).Moreover,the morphological and genetic characteristics of BTBB individuals were investigated;BTBB was similar to BSB in appearance but had a higher body height than BSB.The study results regarding chromosome numbers and DNA content indicated that BTBB is a diploid hybrid fish.The 5S rDNA and Hox gene of BTBB were inherited from the original parents.Gonadal development in BTBB was normal.On the other hand,BTBB had a faster growth rate,higher muscle protein level,and lower muscle carbohydrate level than BSB.Hence,bisexual fertile BTBB is promoted and can be applied as a high-quality fish,and it can also be used as a new fish germplasm resource to develop high-quality fish further.Thus,this study is of great significance for fish genetic breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002382,32293252,U19A2040,32293254)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2400202)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ40339)the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha(kq2209013)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-45)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021008)the 111 Project(D20007)Special Science Found of Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou。
文摘The basic mechanism of heterosis has not been systematically and completely characterized.In previous studies,we obtained three economically important fishes that exhibit rapid growth,WR(WCC♀×RCC♂),WR-Ⅱ(WR♀×WCC♂),and WR-Ⅲ(WR-Ⅱ♀×4nAU♂),through distant hybridization.However,the mechanism underlying this rapid growth remains unclear.In this study,we found that WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲshowed muscle hypertrophy and higher muscle protein and fat contents compared with their parent species(RCC and WCC).Candidate genes responsible for this rapid growth were then obtained through an analysis of 12 muscle transcriptomes.Notably,the mRNA level of mstnb(myostatin b),which is a negative regulator of myogenesis,was significantly reduced in WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲcompared with the parent species.To verify the function of mstnb,a mstnb-deficient mutant RCC line was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique.The average body weight of mstnb-deficient RCC at 12 months of age was significantly increased by 29.57%compared with that in wild-type siblings.Moreover,the area and number of muscle fibers were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC,indicating hypertrophy and hyperplasia.Furthermore,the muscle protein and fat contents were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC.The molecular regulatory mechanism of mstnb was then revealed by transcription profiling,which showed that genes related to myogenesis(myod,myog,and myf5),protein synthesis(PI3K-AKT-mTOR),and lipogenesis(pparγand fabp3)were highly activated in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC.This study revealed that low expression or deficiency of mstnb regulates somatic growth by promoting myogenesis,protein synthesis,and lipogenesis in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC,which provides evidence for the molecular mechanism of heterosis via distant hybridization.
文摘A convenient copper-catalyzed approach has been developed for the synthesis of substituted spiro-fused pyrazolin-5-ones from readily available cyclopropyl O-acyl ketoximes via an intramolecular N-N bond formation reaction. These catalytic reactions proceed in excellent yields with a broad scope.
