Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs.However,it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural o...Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs.However,it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural organs using current bioengineering techniques.This work introduces the methods and dilemmas in organ engineering and existing challenges.Furthermore,a new roadmap for organ engineering,which uses a modular strategy with autologous bioreactors to create organ-level bioengineered constructions,is summarized based on the latest research advances.In brief,different functional modules of natural organs are constructed in vitro,and autologous bioreactors in vivo are utilized to facilitate inter-module assembly to form a complete bioengineered organ capable of replacing natural organ functions.There are bioengineered organs,such as biomimetic tracheas,which have been successfully fabricated following this roadmap.This new roadmap for organ engineering shows prospects in addressing the shortage of transplantable organs and has broad prospects for clinical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.81770091,82000099)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFC3044600,2022YFC2407400)+6 种基金the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center(multi-center clinical research project for major diseases)(No.SHDC2020CR1021B)the scientific and technological innovation action plan of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.20DZ2253700)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.20YF1440900,21YF1438500,21S31905200)the Clinical Research Foundation of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital(Nos.FKLY20007,SKPY2021005)Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Innovation Team(Nos.FKXY2306,FKCX1906,FKXY1902)Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Grant(No.FKCY1903)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(No.2022030208)。
文摘Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs.However,it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural organs using current bioengineering techniques.This work introduces the methods and dilemmas in organ engineering and existing challenges.Furthermore,a new roadmap for organ engineering,which uses a modular strategy with autologous bioreactors to create organ-level bioengineered constructions,is summarized based on the latest research advances.In brief,different functional modules of natural organs are constructed in vitro,and autologous bioreactors in vivo are utilized to facilitate inter-module assembly to form a complete bioengineered organ capable of replacing natural organ functions.There are bioengineered organs,such as biomimetic tracheas,which have been successfully fabricated following this roadmap.This new roadmap for organ engineering shows prospects in addressing the shortage of transplantable organs and has broad prospects for clinical applications.
