Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components,including proteins,nucleic acids,carbohydrates,and lipids,which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell...Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components,including proteins,nucleic acids,carbohydrates,and lipids,which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell.In recent years,several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers,including bladder cancer(BC),and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications.Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance,high stability,tissue specificity,and wide distribution in body fluids,and are secreted as various types by cells in different states,thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC.Herein,we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC,while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of BC.展开更多
Background:Electroacupuncture(EA)therapy,as a combination of electric stimulation and traditional acupunc-ture technology,is currently an important mean for treatment of ischemic stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation ...Background:Electroacupuncture(EA)therapy,as a combination of electric stimulation and traditional acupunc-ture technology,is currently an important mean for treatment of ischemic stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation in China.Because of its remarkable therapeutic effect,it has been widely used in hospitals and clinic,however,the detailed mechanism remains unclear.Objective:This research aims to comprehensively and systematically elucidate the mechanisms of EA treatment at the acupoints of Zusanli(ST36)and Baihui(GV20)on ischemic stroke.Methods:In this study,EA was performed twice at onset of reperfusion and 20 h after reperfusion following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rats,and transcriptomic changes of various molecules in ischemic hippocampal neurons of rats in Sham,I/R and EA groups were detected by RNA-Sequencing(RNA-Seq).Results:Thus,we detected 18 significantly different genes related to atherosclerosis(AS),with their functions associated with lipid metabolism,thrombosis,monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.And,we detected 10 significantly different genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis and 10 significantly different genes related to calcium overload and excitatory amino acids release.Also,we detected 19 significantly different genes related to blood-brain barrier(BBB)and 22 significantly different genes related to inflammatory response.Conclusion:In conclusion,EA can play a role in treating ischemic stroke through a variety of mechanisms,affecting atherosclerosis,oxidative stress,apoptosis,calcium overload,excitatory amino acids release,blood-brain barrier(BBB)and inflammatory response.展开更多
基金The present work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8157100782)the Natural Science Research in Universities of Anhui Province(No.KJ2018A0209)+2 种基金the Foundation for Excellent Young Teachers of Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang Social Development Guidance Project(No.FZ2019038)the Research and Practice Innovation Program for Graduate Students of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX20_3089)the Experimental Animal Center of Jiangsu University,China.
文摘Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components,including proteins,nucleic acids,carbohydrates,and lipids,which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell.In recent years,several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers,including bladder cancer(BC),and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications.Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance,high stability,tissue specificity,and wide distribution in body fluids,and are secreted as various types by cells in different states,thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC.Herein,we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC,while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of BC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82205250)the Natural Science Foundation of Shan-dong Province,China(No.ZR2021QH056)。
文摘Background:Electroacupuncture(EA)therapy,as a combination of electric stimulation and traditional acupunc-ture technology,is currently an important mean for treatment of ischemic stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation in China.Because of its remarkable therapeutic effect,it has been widely used in hospitals and clinic,however,the detailed mechanism remains unclear.Objective:This research aims to comprehensively and systematically elucidate the mechanisms of EA treatment at the acupoints of Zusanli(ST36)and Baihui(GV20)on ischemic stroke.Methods:In this study,EA was performed twice at onset of reperfusion and 20 h after reperfusion following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rats,and transcriptomic changes of various molecules in ischemic hippocampal neurons of rats in Sham,I/R and EA groups were detected by RNA-Sequencing(RNA-Seq).Results:Thus,we detected 18 significantly different genes related to atherosclerosis(AS),with their functions associated with lipid metabolism,thrombosis,monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.And,we detected 10 significantly different genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis and 10 significantly different genes related to calcium overload and excitatory amino acids release.Also,we detected 19 significantly different genes related to blood-brain barrier(BBB)and 22 significantly different genes related to inflammatory response.Conclusion:In conclusion,EA can play a role in treating ischemic stroke through a variety of mechanisms,affecting atherosclerosis,oxidative stress,apoptosis,calcium overload,excitatory amino acids release,blood-brain barrier(BBB)and inflammatory response.
