AIM:To investigate the diverse characteristics of different pathological gradings of gastric adenocarcinoma(GA)using tumor-related genes.METHODS:GA tissues in different pathological gradings and normal tissues were su...AIM:To investigate the diverse characteristics of different pathological gradings of gastric adenocarcinoma(GA)using tumor-related genes.METHODS:GA tissues in different pathological gradings and normal tissues were subjected to tissue arrays.Expressions of 15 major tumor-related genes were detected by RNA in situ hybridization along with 3'terminal digoxin-labeled anti-sense single strandedoligonucleotide and locked nucleic acid modifying probe within the tissue array.The data obtained were processed by support vector machines by four different feature selection methods to discover the respective critical gene/gene subsets contributing to the GA activities of different pathological gradings.RESULTS:In comparison of poorly differentiated GA with normal tissues,tumor-related gene TP53 plays a key role,although other six tumor-related genes could also achieve the Area Under Curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic independently by more than 80%.Comparing the well differentiated GA with normal tissues,we found that 11 tumor-related genes could independently obtain the AUC by more than 80%,but only the gene subsets,TP53,RB and PTEN,play a key role.Only the gene subsets,Bcl10,UVRAG,APC,Beclin1,NM23,PTEN and RB could distinguish between the poorly differentiated and well differentiated GA.None of a single gene could obtain a valid distinction.CONCLUSION:Different from the traditional point of view,the well differentiated cancer tissues have more alterations of important tumor-related genes than the poorly differentiated cancer tissues.展开更多
Production of chemicals and fuels from microcrystalline cellulose has inspired scholars’attention.Deactivation of metallic catalysts including acid leaching and hydrothermal aggregation is still one of the core issue...Production of chemicals and fuels from microcrystalline cellulose has inspired scholars’attention.Deactivation of metallic catalysts including acid leaching and hydrothermal aggregation is still one of the core issues in these systems.To address these problems,we designed and fabricated a series of Ni-W/SiO_(2)catalysts,which were decorated by CxNy species using C-and N-sources and applied in cellulose conversion to C_(2,3)oxygenated compounds.The Ni-W/SiO_(2)@CxNy catalysts,underwent complexing and selfassembling process,exhibited special heterojunctions,accompanying strong interactions mainly among Ni phase and CxNy layers.Catalytic results showed that the heterojunctions and outer CxNy layers extensively enhanced productions of hydroxyacetone(HDA)and ethylene glycol(EG)and promoted the hydrothermal stability through prospering in concentration of Lewis pairs from Ni–N—N structure and immobilizing the metallic nanoclusters.48.25%of EG was yielded under 5.0 MPa H_(2)pressurized 240℃water for 2.0 h.The Lewis pair further improved the formation of HDA with 20.92%yield.High hydrothermal stability of NiW/SiO2@CxNy catalyst was proved according to the recycling results and trace leaching concentration of Ni and W.This construction of metallic catalysts exploited a new strategy to manufacture extraordinary durability of metallic nanoclusters for cellulose conversion under harsh reaction conditions.展开更多
MnNiGe：Fe ribbon samples are prepared. Partial Ni-and Mn-substitution of Fe element can both induce the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic conversion in the Ti Ni Si-type state of these MnNiGe：Fe ribbon systems. It is ...MnNiGe：Fe ribbon samples are prepared. Partial Ni-and Mn-substitution of Fe element can both induce the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic conversion in the Ti Ni Si-type state of these MnNiGe：Fe ribbon systems. It is found out, however, that some factors such as annealing, temperature variation process field-cycling, substituted site and magnetic field can affect the conversion and competition between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states in these ribbons. Therefore, in this paper these major influencing factors are studied systematically and further discussed are the related magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in MnNiGe：Fe ribbon systems.展开更多
Steel matrix composites(SMCs)reinforced with WC particles were fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)by employing various laser scan strategies.A detailed relationship between the SLM strategies,defect formation,...Steel matrix composites(SMCs)reinforced with WC particles were fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)by employing various laser scan strategies.A detailed relationship between the SLM strategies,defect formation,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of SMCs was established.The laser scan strategies can be manipulated to deliberately alter the thermal history of SMC during SLM processing.Particularly,the involved thermal cycling,which encompassed multiple layers,strongly affected the processing quality of SMCs.Sshaped scan sequence combined with interlayer offset and orthogonal stagger mode can effectively eliminate the metallurgical defects and retained austenite within the produced SMCs.However,due to large thermal stress,microcracks that were perpendicular to the building direction formed within the SMCs.By employing the checkerboard filling(CBF)hatching mode,the thermal stress arising during SLM can be significantly reduced,thus preventing the evolution of interlayer microcracks.The compressive properties of fabricated SMCs can be tailored at a high compressive strength(~3031.5 MPa)and fracture strain(~24.8%)by adopting the CBF hatching mode combined with the optimized scan sequence and stagger mode.This study demonstrates great feasibility in tuning the mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated SMCs without varying the set energy input,e.g.,laser power and scanning speed.展开更多
The three-dimensional physical model of the randomly packed powder material irradiated by the laser beam was established,taking into account the transformation of the material phase,the melt spreading and the interact...The three-dimensional physical model of the randomly packed powder material irradiated by the laser beam was established,taking into account the transformation of the material phase,the melt spreading and the interaction of the free surface of the molten pool and the recoiling pressure caused by the material evaporation during the selective laser melting.Influence of the processing parameters on the thermal behavior,the material evaporation,the surface morphology and the densification behavior in the connection region of the molten pool and the substrate was studied.It was shown that the powder material underwent the transformation from the partial melting state to the complete melting state and finally to the overheating state with the applied laser energy density increasing from 167 J/mm^(3) to 417 J/mm^(3).Therefore,the solidified track ranged from the discontinuous tracks with the rough surface to the continuous tracks with residual porosities,then to the continuous and dense tracks and terminally to the fluctuated tracks with the increase in the laser energy density.Meanwhile,the laser energy effect depth was maintained the positive relationship with the laser energy density.The vortex velocity obtained in the free surface of the molten pool towards to the rear region in the opposite laser scan direction promoted the melt convection to the edge region of the molten pool as the laser energy density was higher than 277 J/mm^(3),demonstrating the efficient energy dissipation from the center of the irradiation region to the whole part of the molten pool and the attendant production of the sufficient melt volume.Therefore,the efficient spreading of the molten pool and the metallurgical bonding ability of the melt with the substrate was obtained at the optimized laser energy density of 277 J/mm^(3).However,the severe material evaporation would take place as the melt was overheated,resulting in the formation of the residual pores and poor surface quality.展开更多
A series of activated biochar(KBBC-700,KBBC-800 and KBBC-900)which were modified by KOH and pyrolysis at various temperatures from ball-milling bamboo powder were obtained.The physicochemical properties and pore struc...A series of activated biochar(KBBC-700,KBBC-800 and KBBC-900)which were modified by KOH and pyrolysis at various temperatures from ball-milling bamboo powder were obtained.The physicochemical properties and pore structures of activated biochar were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectoscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and N_(2)adsorption/desorption.The adsorption performance for the removal of methylene blue(MB)was deeply studied.The results showed that KBBC-900 obtained at activation temperature of 900°C exhibited a great surface area which reached 562 m2/g with 0.460 cm3/g of total pore volume.The enhancement of adsorption capacity could be ascribed to the increase of surface oxygen-containing functional groups,aromatization and mesoporous channels.The adsorption capacity was up to 67.46 mg/g under the optimum adsorption parameters with 2 g/L of adsorbent dose,11 of initial solution pH and 298 K of the reactive temperature.The adsorption capacity was 70.63%of the first time after the material was recycled for three cycles.The kinetics indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for MB on KBBC-900 was of about 20 min with the data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model.The adsorption process was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption.Meanwhile,the adsorption isotherm showed that the Langmuir model fitted the best,and thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption reaction was the endothermic nature and the spontaneous process.Adsorption of MB mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions,cation-πelectron interaction and redox reaction.This study suggested that the activated biochar obtained by KOH activation from bamboo biochar has great potentials in the practical application to remove MB from wastewater.展开更多
Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the deve...Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the developmental process and iNKT1 lineage diversification in the thymus remains elusive.We report in the present study a crucial role of programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)in iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate determination.Mice with T cell-specific deletion of PDCD5 had decreased numbers of thymic and peripheral iNKT cells with a predominantly immature phenotype and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Loss of PDCD5 also selectively abolished the iNKT1 lineage by reducing T-bet expression in iNKT cells at an early thymic developmental stage(before CD44 upregulation).We further demonstrated that TOX2,one of the high mobility group proteins that was highly expressed in iNKT cells at stage 1 and could be stabilized by PDCD5,promoted the permissive histone H3K4me3 modification in the promoter region of Tbx21.These data indicate a pivotal and unique role of PDCD5/TOX2 in iNKT1 lineage determination.They also suggest that the fate of iNKT1 may be programmed at the developmental stage of iNKT cells in the thymus.展开更多
Newborn animals require tightly regulated local and systemic immune environments to govern the development and maturation of multiple organs/tissues even though the immune system itself is far from mature during the n...Newborn animals require tightly regulated local and systemic immune environments to govern the development and maturation of multiple organs/tissues even though the immune system itself is far from mature during the neonatal period.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are essential for maintaining immune tolerance/homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses.The features of Tregs in the neonatal liver under steady-state conditions are not well understood.The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype,functions,and significance of neonatal Tregs in the liver.We found a wave of thymus-derived Treg influx into the liver during 1–2 weeks of age.Depletion of these Tregs between days 7 and 11 after birth rapidly resulted in Th1-type liver inflammation and metabolic disorder.More Tregs in the neonatal liver than in the spleen underwent MHC II-dependent activation and proliferation,and the liver Tregs acquired stronger suppressive functions.The transcriptomic profile of these neonatal liver Tregs showed elevated expression of PPARγand T-bet and features of Tregs that utilize lipid metabolic machinery and are capable of regulating Th1 responses.The accumulation of Tregs with unique features in the neonatal liver is critical to ensure self-tolerance and liver maturation.展开更多
Thymic natural killer T(NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZF^(hi)GATA3^(hi)IL-4^(+).The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood.In the present study,we report an important role of TR...Thymic natural killer T(NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZF^(hi)GATA3^(hi)IL-4^(+).The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood.In the present study,we report an important role of TRAF3-interacting protein 3(TRAF3IP3)in the functional maturation and expansion of committed NKT2s in thymic medulla.Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3IP3 had decreased thymic NKT2 cells,decreased IL-4-producing peripheral iNKTs,and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Positive selection and high PLZF expression in CD24^(+)CD44^(−) and CCR7^(+)CD44^(−) immature iNKTs were not affected.Only CD44^(hi)NK1.1^(−) iNKTs in Traf3ip3^(−/−) mice showed reduced expression of Egr2,PLZF,and IL-17RB,decreased proliferation,and reduced IL-4 production upon stimulation.This Egr2 and IL-4 expression was augmented by MEK1/ERK activation in iNKTs,and TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network recruited MEK1 and facilitated ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.LT βR-regulated bone marrow-derived nonlymphoid cells in the medullary thymic microenvironment were required for MEK/ERK activation and NKT2 maturation.These data demonstrate an important functional maturation process in NKT2 differentiation that is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling at the trans-Golgi network.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a reaction–diffusion viral infection model with nonlinear incidences,cell-to-cell transmission,and a time delay.We impose the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition.For the case where the dom...In this paper,we propose a reaction–diffusion viral infection model with nonlinear incidences,cell-to-cell transmission,and a time delay.We impose the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition.For the case where the domain is bounded,we first study the well-posedness.Then we analyze the local stability of homogeneous steady states.We establish a threshold dynamics which is completely characterized by the basic reproduction number.For the case where the domain is the whole Euclidean space,we consider the existence of traveling wave solutions by using the cross-iteration method and Schauder’s fixed point theorem.Finally,we study how the speed of spread in space affects the spread of cells and viruses.We obtain the existence of the wave speed,which is dependent on the diffusion coefficient.展开更多
Recently,Baranek et al.performed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis and confirmed some of the transcriptomic results by in vitro cell culture with IL-7/IL-15 and flow cytometric analysis.2 The authors defin...Recently,Baranek et al.performed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis and confirmed some of the transcriptomic results by in vitro cell culture with IL-7/IL-15 and flow cytometric analysis.2 The authors defined several intermediate stages,including iNKT2a(CD24−NK1.1−CD138−FR4−),iNKT2b(CD24−NK1.1−CD138−FR4+),and iNKT1a(CD24−Sca-1hiCD138-NK1.1dim),with various degrees of potential to differentiate into iNKT1,iNKT2,and iNKT17 subsets(Fig.1).展开更多
To the Editor:Since the outbreak in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected>2.4 billion people worldwide,resulting in>4.9 million deaths.To understand the pathogenes...To the Editor:Since the outbreak in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected>2.4 billion people worldwide,resulting in>4.9 million deaths.To understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection,single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)have been constructed in coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)patients at different disease stages.展开更多
基金Supported by Xiamen Health Bureau,No.3502z20089009Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau,No.3502Z20074023Youth Fund of Fujian Health Department,No.2008-1-52,Fujian Province,China
文摘AIM:To investigate the diverse characteristics of different pathological gradings of gastric adenocarcinoma(GA)using tumor-related genes.METHODS:GA tissues in different pathological gradings and normal tissues were subjected to tissue arrays.Expressions of 15 major tumor-related genes were detected by RNA in situ hybridization along with 3'terminal digoxin-labeled anti-sense single strandedoligonucleotide and locked nucleic acid modifying probe within the tissue array.The data obtained were processed by support vector machines by four different feature selection methods to discover the respective critical gene/gene subsets contributing to the GA activities of different pathological gradings.RESULTS:In comparison of poorly differentiated GA with normal tissues,tumor-related gene TP53 plays a key role,although other six tumor-related genes could also achieve the Area Under Curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic independently by more than 80%.Comparing the well differentiated GA with normal tissues,we found that 11 tumor-related genes could independently obtain the AUC by more than 80%,but only the gene subsets,TP53,RB and PTEN,play a key role.Only the gene subsets,Bcl10,UVRAG,APC,Beclin1,NM23,PTEN and RB could distinguish between the poorly differentiated and well differentiated GA.None of a single gene could obtain a valid distinction.CONCLUSION:Different from the traditional point of view,the well differentiated cancer tissues have more alterations of important tumor-related genes than the poorly differentiated cancer tissues.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(No.LY19B060002)the Enterprise Research Programme by Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province(China)founded by Huzhou Municipal Government(20190040)。
文摘Production of chemicals and fuels from microcrystalline cellulose has inspired scholars’attention.Deactivation of metallic catalysts including acid leaching and hydrothermal aggregation is still one of the core issues in these systems.To address these problems,we designed and fabricated a series of Ni-W/SiO_(2)catalysts,which were decorated by CxNy species using C-and N-sources and applied in cellulose conversion to C_(2,3)oxygenated compounds.The Ni-W/SiO_(2)@CxNy catalysts,underwent complexing and selfassembling process,exhibited special heterojunctions,accompanying strong interactions mainly among Ni phase and CxNy layers.Catalytic results showed that the heterojunctions and outer CxNy layers extensively enhanced productions of hydroxyacetone(HDA)and ethylene glycol(EG)and promoted the hydrothermal stability through prospering in concentration of Lewis pairs from Ni–N—N structure and immobilizing the metallic nanoclusters.48.25%of EG was yielded under 5.0 MPa H_(2)pressurized 240℃water for 2.0 h.The Lewis pair further improved the formation of HDA with 20.92%yield.High hydrothermal stability of NiW/SiO2@CxNy catalyst was proved according to the recycling results and trace leaching concentration of Ni and W.This construction of metallic catalysts exploited a new strategy to manufacture extraordinary durability of metallic nanoclusters for cellulose conversion under harsh reaction conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51261022, 51561023 and 51671097)the Jiangxi Provincial Graduate Student Innovation Special Funds Project (Grant No. YC2015-S310)the Graduate Student Innovation Special Funds Project of Nanchang Hangkong University (Grant No. YC2015007)
文摘MnNiGe：Fe ribbon samples are prepared. Partial Ni-and Mn-substitution of Fe element can both induce the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic conversion in the Ti Ni Si-type state of these MnNiGe：Fe ribbon systems. It is found out, however, that some factors such as annealing, temperature variation process field-cycling, substituted site and magnetic field can affect the conversion and competition between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states in these ribbons. Therefore, in this paper these major influencing factors are studied systematically and further discussed are the related magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in MnNiGe：Fe ribbon systems.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program“Additive Manufacturing and Laser Manufacturing”(No.2016YFB1100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51735005)+3 种基金the Basic Strengthening Program of Science and Technology(No.2019-JCJQ-JJ-331)the 5th Jiangsu Province 333 High Level Talents Training Project,China(No.BRA2019048)the 15th Batch of“Six Talents Peaks”Innovative Talents Team Program“Laser Precise Additive Manufacturing of Structure-Performance Integrated Lightweight Alloy Components”(No.TD-GDZB-001)and the 2017 Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Teams of Universities in Jiangsu“Laser Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Metallic Components”funded by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education of China(No.51921003).Konrad Kosiba acknowledges the support from DFG under Grant No.KO 5771/1-1.
文摘Steel matrix composites(SMCs)reinforced with WC particles were fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)by employing various laser scan strategies.A detailed relationship between the SLM strategies,defect formation,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of SMCs was established.The laser scan strategies can be manipulated to deliberately alter the thermal history of SMC during SLM processing.Particularly,the involved thermal cycling,which encompassed multiple layers,strongly affected the processing quality of SMCs.Sshaped scan sequence combined with interlayer offset and orthogonal stagger mode can effectively eliminate the metallurgical defects and retained austenite within the produced SMCs.However,due to large thermal stress,microcracks that were perpendicular to the building direction formed within the SMCs.By employing the checkerboard filling(CBF)hatching mode,the thermal stress arising during SLM can be significantly reduced,thus preventing the evolution of interlayer microcracks.The compressive properties of fabricated SMCs can be tailored at a high compressive strength(~3031.5 MPa)and fracture strain(~24.8%)by adopting the CBF hatching mode combined with the optimized scan sequence and stagger mode.This study demonstrates great feasibility in tuning the mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated SMCs without varying the set energy input,e.g.,laser power and scanning speed.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program“Additive Manufacturing and Laser Manufacturing”(Nos.2016YFB1100101,2018YFB1106302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51790175,51735005)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NC2020004),the financial support from the Innovation Fund of National Engineering and Research Center for Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing(No.COMAC-SFGS-2016-33238)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(Grant No.51921003)The 15th Batch of“Six Talents Peaks”Innovative Talents Team Program“Laser Precise Additive Manufacturing of Structure-Performance Integrated Lightweight Alloy Components”(No.TD-GDZB-001)(Jiangsu Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security of China)2017 Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Teams of Universities in Jiangsu“Laser Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Metallic Components”(Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education of China).
文摘The three-dimensional physical model of the randomly packed powder material irradiated by the laser beam was established,taking into account the transformation of the material phase,the melt spreading and the interaction of the free surface of the molten pool and the recoiling pressure caused by the material evaporation during the selective laser melting.Influence of the processing parameters on the thermal behavior,the material evaporation,the surface morphology and the densification behavior in the connection region of the molten pool and the substrate was studied.It was shown that the powder material underwent the transformation from the partial melting state to the complete melting state and finally to the overheating state with the applied laser energy density increasing from 167 J/mm^(3) to 417 J/mm^(3).Therefore,the solidified track ranged from the discontinuous tracks with the rough surface to the continuous tracks with residual porosities,then to the continuous and dense tracks and terminally to the fluctuated tracks with the increase in the laser energy density.Meanwhile,the laser energy effect depth was maintained the positive relationship with the laser energy density.The vortex velocity obtained in the free surface of the molten pool towards to the rear region in the opposite laser scan direction promoted the melt convection to the edge region of the molten pool as the laser energy density was higher than 277 J/mm^(3),demonstrating the efficient energy dissipation from the center of the irradiation region to the whole part of the molten pool and the attendant production of the sufficient melt volume.Therefore,the efficient spreading of the molten pool and the metallurgical bonding ability of the melt with the substrate was obtained at the optimized laser energy density of 277 J/mm^(3).However,the severe material evaporation would take place as the melt was overheated,resulting in the formation of the residual pores and poor surface quality.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LZY21E080002Zhejiang Provincial“Top Soldier”and“Leading Wild Goose”R&D Program(No.2023C04021).
文摘A series of activated biochar(KBBC-700,KBBC-800 and KBBC-900)which were modified by KOH and pyrolysis at various temperatures from ball-milling bamboo powder were obtained.The physicochemical properties and pore structures of activated biochar were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectoscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and N_(2)adsorption/desorption.The adsorption performance for the removal of methylene blue(MB)was deeply studied.The results showed that KBBC-900 obtained at activation temperature of 900°C exhibited a great surface area which reached 562 m2/g with 0.460 cm3/g of total pore volume.The enhancement of adsorption capacity could be ascribed to the increase of surface oxygen-containing functional groups,aromatization and mesoporous channels.The adsorption capacity was up to 67.46 mg/g under the optimum adsorption parameters with 2 g/L of adsorbent dose,11 of initial solution pH and 298 K of the reactive temperature.The adsorption capacity was 70.63%of the first time after the material was recycled for three cycles.The kinetics indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for MB on KBBC-900 was of about 20 min with the data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model.The adsorption process was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption.Meanwhile,the adsorption isotherm showed that the Langmuir model fitted the best,and thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption reaction was the endothermic nature and the spontaneous process.Adsorption of MB mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions,cation-πelectron interaction and redox reaction.This study suggested that the activated biochar obtained by KOH activation from bamboo biochar has great potentials in the practical application to remove MB from wastewater.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China,2017YFA0104500(Q.G.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,81471525 and 31671244(Q.G.),31470843(J.Z.),31370898(Y.C.)+2 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,81621001(Q.G.)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,NCET-13-0018(J.Z.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the developmental process and iNKT1 lineage diversification in the thymus remains elusive.We report in the present study a crucial role of programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)in iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate determination.Mice with T cell-specific deletion of PDCD5 had decreased numbers of thymic and peripheral iNKT cells with a predominantly immature phenotype and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Loss of PDCD5 also selectively abolished the iNKT1 lineage by reducing T-bet expression in iNKT cells at an early thymic developmental stage(before CD44 upregulation).We further demonstrated that TOX2,one of the high mobility group proteins that was highly expressed in iNKT cells at stage 1 and could be stabilized by PDCD5,promoted the permissive histone H3K4me3 modification in the promoter region of Tbx21.These data indicate a pivotal and unique role of PDCD5/TOX2 in iNKT1 lineage determination.They also suggest that the fate of iNKT1 may be programmed at the developmental stage of iNKT cells in the thymus.
基金by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471525,31671244,and 31872734,Q.G.+2 种基金81601975,K.Z.)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81621001)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2018PT31039).
文摘Newborn animals require tightly regulated local and systemic immune environments to govern the development and maturation of multiple organs/tissues even though the immune system itself is far from mature during the neonatal period.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are essential for maintaining immune tolerance/homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses.The features of Tregs in the neonatal liver under steady-state conditions are not well understood.The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype,functions,and significance of neonatal Tregs in the liver.We found a wave of thymus-derived Treg influx into the liver during 1–2 weeks of age.Depletion of these Tregs between days 7 and 11 after birth rapidly resulted in Th1-type liver inflammation and metabolic disorder.More Tregs in the neonatal liver than in the spleen underwent MHC II-dependent activation and proliferation,and the liver Tregs acquired stronger suppressive functions.The transcriptomic profile of these neonatal liver Tregs showed elevated expression of PPARγand T-bet and features of Tregs that utilize lipid metabolic machinery and are capable of regulating Th1 responses.The accumulation of Tregs with unique features in the neonatal liver is critical to ensure self-tolerance and liver maturation.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471525,31671244,31872734,Q.G.,31872824,H.Z.)+1 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81621001)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,2018PT31039.
文摘Thymic natural killer T(NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZF^(hi)GATA3^(hi)IL-4^(+).The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood.In the present study,we report an important role of TRAF3-interacting protein 3(TRAF3IP3)in the functional maturation and expansion of committed NKT2s in thymic medulla.Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3IP3 had decreased thymic NKT2 cells,decreased IL-4-producing peripheral iNKTs,and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Positive selection and high PLZF expression in CD24^(+)CD44^(−) and CCR7^(+)CD44^(−) immature iNKTs were not affected.Only CD44^(hi)NK1.1^(−) iNKTs in Traf3ip3^(−/−) mice showed reduced expression of Egr2,PLZF,and IL-17RB,decreased proliferation,and reduced IL-4 production upon stimulation.This Egr2 and IL-4 expression was augmented by MEK1/ERK activation in iNKTs,and TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network recruited MEK1 and facilitated ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.LT βR-regulated bone marrow-derived nonlymphoid cells in the medullary thymic microenvironment were required for MEK/ERK activation and NKT2 maturation.These data demonstrate an important functional maturation process in NKT2 differentiation that is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling at the trans-Golgi network.
基金Wang is supported by the NSFC(Nos.11771374,12026204 and 12171413)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Teams in Henan(21IRTSTHN014)Rong is supported by the NSF grants DMS-1758290 and DMS-1950254.
文摘In this paper,we propose a reaction–diffusion viral infection model with nonlinear incidences,cell-to-cell transmission,and a time delay.We impose the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition.For the case where the domain is bounded,we first study the well-posedness.Then we analyze the local stability of homogeneous steady states.We establish a threshold dynamics which is completely characterized by the basic reproduction number.For the case where the domain is the whole Euclidean space,we consider the existence of traveling wave solutions by using the cross-iteration method and Schauder’s fixed point theorem.Finally,we study how the speed of spread in space affects the spread of cells and viruses.We obtain the existence of the wave speed,which is dependent on the diffusion coefficient.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671244,31872734,Q.G.)+2 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81621001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7202079)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2018PT31039).
文摘Recently,Baranek et al.performed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis and confirmed some of the transcriptomic results by in vitro cell culture with IL-7/IL-15 and flow cytometric analysis.2 The authors defined several intermediate stages,including iNKT2a(CD24−NK1.1−CD138−FR4−),iNKT2b(CD24−NK1.1−CD138−FR4+),and iNKT1a(CD24−Sca-1hiCD138-NK1.1dim),with various degrees of potential to differentiate into iNKT1,iNKT2,and iNKT17 subsets(Fig.1).
基金Beijing Science Foundation of China(No.Z201100005520062,No.Z201100007920017)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772165)China Primary Health Care Foundation-Youan Medical Development Fund(No.BJYAYY-2020PY-01)。
文摘To the Editor:Since the outbreak in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected>2.4 billion people worldwide,resulting in>4.9 million deaths.To understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection,single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)have been constructed in coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)patients at different disease stages.
