Each year, during the dry season that precedes the summer wind and rainfall Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), significant biomass burning occurs and reaches its peak from March to April. This biomass burning generates large...Each year, during the dry season that precedes the summer wind and rainfall Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), significant biomass burning occurs and reaches its peak from March to April. This biomass burning generates large amounts of aerosols that impact East Asia and surrounding areas through the Asian monsoon. This study aims to investigate the potential connection between biomass burning over the ICP and precipitation in South China during May, along with the physical processes involved. The analysis is based on GLDAS soil moisture reanalysis data and CPC (NOAA) precipitation data covering the period from 1980 to 2021. The research findings indicate a negative (positive) correlation between biomass burning in the ICP region during spring and precipitation in the same region (South China) during May. The circulation patterns corresponding to years with biomass-burning emission anomalies are further investigated, and the impact of biomass-burning emissions in spring on soil moisture and temperature is examined. The results suggest that biomass-burning emissions can significantly affect atmospheric circulation and precipitation, ultimately leading to anomalous precipitation in South China.展开更多
Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus[L.]Moench.)is one of the most frequently used herbals in East or West Africa,and its various biological activities have been widely studied.Flavonoids extracted from many plants are reporte...Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus[L.]Moench.)is one of the most frequently used herbals in East or West Africa,and its various biological activities have been widely studied.Flavonoids extracted from many plants are reported to have neurological properties,e.g antidepressant and antifatigue.However,its neurological protect in antidepressant-like effect of flavonoids extracted from okra have not yet been demonstrated.The present study was aimed at investigating the antidepressant-like eff ect of the flavonoids extracted from okra fruit(FOF)using the forced swimming test(FST)pattern and preliminary exploration its potential mechanism.We also used the open fi eld test(OFT)to estimate the spontaneous locomotor activity.We found that oral administration(p.o.)of FOF(300 mg/kg)alone signifi cantly reduced the immobility time in the FST without changes in locomotor activity in the OPT.The experimental data indicated the antidepressant-like eff ect of FOF involved in noradrenergic,glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.展开更多
Medical images captured using various imaging technologies can reveal the internal structures and functions of the human body.Tumor images depict the location,size,shape,and biological characteristics of tumors,which ...Medical images captured using various imaging technologies can reveal the internal structures and functions of the human body.Tumor images depict the location,size,shape,and biological characteristics of tumors,which are crucial for diagnosis,staging,treatment planning,and outcome assessment.These images are obtained through modalities such as radiography,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,ultrasound,positron emission tomography,single-photon emission computed tomography,digital mammography,digital breast tomosynthesis,histological imaging,and molecular imaging.The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in healthcare,particularly in tumor image recognition,is vital for early diagnosis,treatment planning,and prognostic assessment.Techniques such as AI,machine learning(ML),neural networks(NNs),and deep learning(DL)enhance the accuracy and efficiency of tumor recognition.This review introduces the fundamental principles and interrelationships among AI,ML,NNs,and DL,explores their applications and characteristics in tumor imaging,discusses their limitations in clinical settings and future research directions,and provides a comprehensive overview of technological advancements in this field and their potential for future medical applications.展开更多
Importance:It remained unclear that the efficacy comparison between low-dose immune tolerance induction(LD-ITI)incorporating immunosuppressants(IS)when severe hemophilia A(SHA)patients had inhibitor-titer≥200 Bethesd...Importance:It remained unclear that the efficacy comparison between low-dose immune tolerance induction(LD-ITI)incorporating immunosuppressants(IS)when severe hemophilia A(SHA)patients had inhibitor-titer≥200 Bethesda Units(BU)/mL(LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen)and LD-ITI combining with IS when SHA patients had inhibitor-titer≥40 BU/mL(LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen).Objective:To compare the efficacy of the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen with that of the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen for SHA patients with high-titer inhibitors.Methods:A prospective cohort study on patients receiving LD-ITI-IS^(200) compared to those receiving LD-ITI-IS^(40) from January 2021 to December 2023.Both received LD-ITI[FVIII 50 IU/kg every other day].IS(rituximab+prednisone)was added when peak inhibitor tier≥200 BU/mL in the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen and≥40 BU/mL in the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen.Success is defined as a negative inhibitor plus FVIII recovery≥66%of the expected.Results:We enrolled 30 patients on LD-ITI-IS^(200) and 64 patients on LD-ITI-IS^(40),with similar baseline clinical characteristics.A lower IS-use rate was discovered in the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen compared to the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen(30.0%vs.62.5%).The two regimens(LD-ITI-IS^(200) vs.LD-ITI-IS^(40))had similar success rate(70.0%vs.79.7%),median time to success(9.4 vs.10.6 months),and annualized bleeding rate during ITI(3.7 vs.2.8).The cost to success was lower for LD-ITI-IS^(200) than for LD-ITI-IS^(40)(2107 vs.3256 US Dollar/kg).Among patients with peak inhibitor-titer 40-199 BU/mL,10 non-IS-using(on LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen)and 28 IS-using(on LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen)had similar success rates(70.0%vs.78.6%)and time to success(9.0 vs.8.8 months).Interpretation:In LD-ITI,IS are not necessary for inhibitor titer<200 BU/mL.展开更多
Importance:Emicizumab(EMI)is efficacious and safe for hemophilia A(HA)prophylaxis.However,its high cost poses a challenge in China.Objective:To explore the possibility of using reduced-dosage EMI in Chinese HA childre...Importance:Emicizumab(EMI)is efficacious and safe for hemophilia A(HA)prophylaxis.However,its high cost poses a challenge in China.Objective:To explore the possibility of using reduced-dosage EMI in Chinese HA children.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study for HA children in our Comprehensive Care Center.Data were collected pre-and post-EMI treatment to evaluate bleeding rates.Laboratory analyses included factor VIII(FVIII)-like activity and EMI concentration measurements.Results:Thirty-four HA children receiving EMI prophylaxis for a median(range)24.5(2.5–47.9)months by June 2023.Of these,25(73.5%)were under 3 years of age,26(76.5%)had severe hemophilia and 12(35.3%)were minimally treated or previously untreated patients.Thirty-one(91.2%)of the 34 patients received reduced-dosage EMI for economic reasons.EMI concentration and FVIII-like activity measured showed a strong correlation.Overall,while on EMI,their annual treated bleeding rate(ATBR)and annual bleeding rate(ABR)decreased significantly(2–0)while their zero-bleeding rate(ZBR)increased significantly(11.5%–65.4%).After 6 months of EMI,there was no significant difference in ATBR and ABR among various maintenance dosages.However,ZBR was significantly lower in dosages under 4 mg/kg(P=0.0156).Receiver operator characteristic curves suggested the following cutoff values for zero bleeding:EMI 4-weekly maintenance dosage 3.8 mg/kg,EMI concentration 48.1µg/mL,and FVIII-like activity 15.4 IU/dL.Interpretation:We showed EMI effectively prevented bleeding even at reduced dosages.However,the bleeding risk may be higher with EMI 4-weekly maintenance dosage<3.8 mg/kg,EMI concentration<48.1µg/mL,and FVIII-like activity<15.4 IU/dL for zero bleeding.It is important that dosage reduction be done rationally.Dosage tailoring is possible.展开更多
Constructing catalysts featuring an ordered structure,stable performance,and uniformly dispersed catalytic sites is vital for the epoxidation of small-molecular olefins.Here,we design catalysts by tracing the oxidatio...Constructing catalysts featuring an ordered structure,stable performance,and uniformly dispersed catalytic sites is vital for the epoxidation of small-molecular olefins.Here,we design catalysts by tracing the oxidationprocess origin and synthesize a series of highly dispersed metal porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks(COFs)materials.The aim is to efficiently oxidize the C-H bonds of cumene by air to in-situ generate organic peroxides at a safe concentration,and integrate the multi-step oxidation method of cumene in industry into a one-step method for olefins’epoxidation.The carbonyl-ruthenium COF(Ru-COF-1)exhibits excellent performance,with 98% epoxide selectivity,1221.77 h^(-1) productivity,and over 95% selectivity after 9 cycles for 1-hexene.Analysis of structure-properties-catalytic relationships of Ru-COF-1 shows that,compared with Ru-porphyrins and metal-free COFs,the enhanced reaction performance mainly results from Ru metal introduction,which promotes benzylic proton transfer in cumene.Besides,Ru-COF-1’s porous,ordered structure aids oxygen enrichment,forming active peroxy radicals with the cumene carboncentered radicals formed on the catalyst surface.Ru-H sites then accelerate active oxygen transfer from peroxy radicals,enabling olefin tandem epoxidation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations verify the reaction mechanism,and this work offers a reference for the design of catalysts for the green,safe,and efficient oxidation of olefins.展开更多
文摘Each year, during the dry season that precedes the summer wind and rainfall Indo-China Peninsula (ICP), significant biomass burning occurs and reaches its peak from March to April. This biomass burning generates large amounts of aerosols that impact East Asia and surrounding areas through the Asian monsoon. This study aims to investigate the potential connection between biomass burning over the ICP and precipitation in South China during May, along with the physical processes involved. The analysis is based on GLDAS soil moisture reanalysis data and CPC (NOAA) precipitation data covering the period from 1980 to 2021. The research findings indicate a negative (positive) correlation between biomass burning in the ICP region during spring and precipitation in the same region (South China) during May. The circulation patterns corresponding to years with biomass-burning emission anomalies are further investigated, and the impact of biomass-burning emissions in spring on soil moisture and temperature is examined. The results suggest that biomass-burning emissions can significantly affect atmospheric circulation and precipitation, ultimately leading to anomalous precipitation in South China.
基金This research was supported by Shenyang Scientific Project(No.F13-287-1-00)Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation(No.2014020076).
文摘Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus[L.]Moench.)is one of the most frequently used herbals in East or West Africa,and its various biological activities have been widely studied.Flavonoids extracted from many plants are reported to have neurological properties,e.g antidepressant and antifatigue.However,its neurological protect in antidepressant-like effect of flavonoids extracted from okra have not yet been demonstrated.The present study was aimed at investigating the antidepressant-like eff ect of the flavonoids extracted from okra fruit(FOF)using the forced swimming test(FST)pattern and preliminary exploration its potential mechanism.We also used the open fi eld test(OFT)to estimate the spontaneous locomotor activity.We found that oral administration(p.o.)of FOF(300 mg/kg)alone signifi cantly reduced the immobility time in the FST without changes in locomotor activity in the OPT.The experimental data indicated the antidepressant-like eff ect of FOF involved in noradrenergic,glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.
文摘Medical images captured using various imaging technologies can reveal the internal structures and functions of the human body.Tumor images depict the location,size,shape,and biological characteristics of tumors,which are crucial for diagnosis,staging,treatment planning,and outcome assessment.These images are obtained through modalities such as radiography,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,ultrasound,positron emission tomography,single-photon emission computed tomography,digital mammography,digital breast tomosynthesis,histological imaging,and molecular imaging.The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in healthcare,particularly in tumor image recognition,is vital for early diagnosis,treatment planning,and prognostic assessment.Techniques such as AI,machine learning(ML),neural networks(NNs),and deep learning(DL)enhance the accuracy and efficiency of tumor recognition.This review introduces the fundamental principles and interrelationships among AI,ML,NNs,and DL,explores their applications and characteristics in tumor imaging,discusses their limitations in clinical settings and future research directions,and provides a comprehensive overview of technological advancements in this field and their potential for future medical applications.
基金Capital Health Development Research Project,Grant/Award Number:2022-2-2093Beijing Research Ward Construction Demonstration Unit Project,Grant/Award Number:BCRW202101+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82270133Beijing Municipal Scienceand Technology Commission,Grant/Award Number:Z221100007422067。
文摘Importance:It remained unclear that the efficacy comparison between low-dose immune tolerance induction(LD-ITI)incorporating immunosuppressants(IS)when severe hemophilia A(SHA)patients had inhibitor-titer≥200 Bethesda Units(BU)/mL(LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen)and LD-ITI combining with IS when SHA patients had inhibitor-titer≥40 BU/mL(LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen).Objective:To compare the efficacy of the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen with that of the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen for SHA patients with high-titer inhibitors.Methods:A prospective cohort study on patients receiving LD-ITI-IS^(200) compared to those receiving LD-ITI-IS^(40) from January 2021 to December 2023.Both received LD-ITI[FVIII 50 IU/kg every other day].IS(rituximab+prednisone)was added when peak inhibitor tier≥200 BU/mL in the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen and≥40 BU/mL in the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen.Success is defined as a negative inhibitor plus FVIII recovery≥66%of the expected.Results:We enrolled 30 patients on LD-ITI-IS^(200) and 64 patients on LD-ITI-IS^(40),with similar baseline clinical characteristics.A lower IS-use rate was discovered in the LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen compared to the LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen(30.0%vs.62.5%).The two regimens(LD-ITI-IS^(200) vs.LD-ITI-IS^(40))had similar success rate(70.0%vs.79.7%),median time to success(9.4 vs.10.6 months),and annualized bleeding rate during ITI(3.7 vs.2.8).The cost to success was lower for LD-ITI-IS^(200) than for LD-ITI-IS^(40)(2107 vs.3256 US Dollar/kg).Among patients with peak inhibitor-titer 40-199 BU/mL,10 non-IS-using(on LD-ITI-IS^(200) regimen)and 28 IS-using(on LD-ITI-IS^(40) regimen)had similar success rates(70.0%vs.78.6%)and time to success(9.0 vs.8.8 months).Interpretation:In LD-ITI,IS are not necessary for inhibitor titer<200 BU/mL.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82270133
文摘Importance:Emicizumab(EMI)is efficacious and safe for hemophilia A(HA)prophylaxis.However,its high cost poses a challenge in China.Objective:To explore the possibility of using reduced-dosage EMI in Chinese HA children.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study for HA children in our Comprehensive Care Center.Data were collected pre-and post-EMI treatment to evaluate bleeding rates.Laboratory analyses included factor VIII(FVIII)-like activity and EMI concentration measurements.Results:Thirty-four HA children receiving EMI prophylaxis for a median(range)24.5(2.5–47.9)months by June 2023.Of these,25(73.5%)were under 3 years of age,26(76.5%)had severe hemophilia and 12(35.3%)were minimally treated or previously untreated patients.Thirty-one(91.2%)of the 34 patients received reduced-dosage EMI for economic reasons.EMI concentration and FVIII-like activity measured showed a strong correlation.Overall,while on EMI,their annual treated bleeding rate(ATBR)and annual bleeding rate(ABR)decreased significantly(2–0)while their zero-bleeding rate(ZBR)increased significantly(11.5%–65.4%).After 6 months of EMI,there was no significant difference in ATBR and ABR among various maintenance dosages.However,ZBR was significantly lower in dosages under 4 mg/kg(P=0.0156).Receiver operator characteristic curves suggested the following cutoff values for zero bleeding:EMI 4-weekly maintenance dosage 3.8 mg/kg,EMI concentration 48.1µg/mL,and FVIII-like activity 15.4 IU/dL.Interpretation:We showed EMI effectively prevented bleeding even at reduced dosages.However,the bleeding risk may be higher with EMI 4-weekly maintenance dosage<3.8 mg/kg,EMI concentration<48.1µg/mL,and FVIII-like activity<15.4 IU/dL for zero bleeding.It is important that dosage reduction be done rationally.Dosage tailoring is possible.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22508360)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.QN26B060028)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program Nanotechnology Specific Project(No.2020YFA0210900)Innovative Team Project of Guang-dong Ordinary University(No.2019KCXTD002).
文摘Constructing catalysts featuring an ordered structure,stable performance,and uniformly dispersed catalytic sites is vital for the epoxidation of small-molecular olefins.Here,we design catalysts by tracing the oxidationprocess origin and synthesize a series of highly dispersed metal porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks(COFs)materials.The aim is to efficiently oxidize the C-H bonds of cumene by air to in-situ generate organic peroxides at a safe concentration,and integrate the multi-step oxidation method of cumene in industry into a one-step method for olefins’epoxidation.The carbonyl-ruthenium COF(Ru-COF-1)exhibits excellent performance,with 98% epoxide selectivity,1221.77 h^(-1) productivity,and over 95% selectivity after 9 cycles for 1-hexene.Analysis of structure-properties-catalytic relationships of Ru-COF-1 shows that,compared with Ru-porphyrins and metal-free COFs,the enhanced reaction performance mainly results from Ru metal introduction,which promotes benzylic proton transfer in cumene.Besides,Ru-COF-1’s porous,ordered structure aids oxygen enrichment,forming active peroxy radicals with the cumene carboncentered radicals formed on the catalyst surface.Ru-H sites then accelerate active oxygen transfer from peroxy radicals,enabling olefin tandem epoxidation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations verify the reaction mechanism,and this work offers a reference for the design of catalysts for the green,safe,and efficient oxidation of olefins.
