The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly.Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions,poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive ar...The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly.Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions,poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive areas,threatening biodiversity and Indigenous people's traditional land uses.However,these potential risks associated with wind and solar farm development worldwide are poorly understood.Here,we evaluate the potential biodiversity and Indigenous risks from wind and solar energy development by examining the extent to which global wind and solar farms are situated within or adjacent to socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Our analysis revealed that 13,699 wind and solar farms or 14.4%of the farms'total footprint area are within protected areas,critical habitats,and Indigenous people's lands,occupying a total of 26,840 km^(2)of those socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Wind and solar farms overlap with the distribution ranges of 2,310 threatened amphibians,birds,mammals,and reptiles,accounting for 36.3%of the world's 6,362 threatened vertebrate species.The encroachment of solar and wind farms on sensitive areas mostly occurs in economically developed countries with substantial wind and solar energy facilities,while many developing countries in the tropics tend to have a higher proportion of such farms situated within sensitive areas.Compared to wind farms,solar farms pose greater risks to biodiversity and Indigenous people's lands.These findings provide valuable insights into the socio-ecological risks of wind and solar energy development and highlight the urgent need for strategic planning to mitigate the risks.展开更多
The effective intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin(DOX)is crucial for improving antitumor efficacy,which is severely impeded by limited drug penetration,uncontrollable drug release,and drug resistance.In this stu...The effective intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin(DOX)is crucial for improving antitumor efficacy,which is severely impeded by limited drug penetration,uncontrollable drug release,and drug resistance.In this study,a thermal-deformative polymer embedding ultrasmall ceria(CeO_(2))was rationally designed for deep tumor drug shuttling and hypoxia reversal to improve chemotherapy.Structurally,the CeO_(2)nanozyme was covalently grafted with a polymer of p(NIPAM-co-AM)that could sharply shrink for DOX loading,which was consolidated with polydopamine(PDA)film encapsulation.Thereafter,a tumor penetration guide of apolipoprotein A-I(apoA-I)conjugated iRGD peptide(apoA-I-iRGD)was further decorated onto the PDA shell via Michael addition for preparing CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA.With the aid of apoA-I-iRGD,CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA penetrated both the tumor spheroids(∼78μm)and the tumors of the mouse model deeply.After internalization by tumor cells and triggering by low pH in lysosomes,rapid DOX release was achieved by peeling off the PDA shell and thermosensitive deformation of p(NIPAM-co-AM).CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA provided 66.4%tumor suppression in 4T1-derived tumor spheroids and 63.2%in 4T1-tumorbearing mice,respectively.Preliminary mechanistic research involving western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA reversed resistance through the through HIF-1α-P-gp/lipid axis.Collectively,this study intelligently integrated CeO_(2)nanozymes,temperature-sensitive polymers,and imitated biochemical modifications to improve chemotherapy for breast cancer.展开更多
The treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater(ANW)has garnered significant attention due to the ecology,and even biology is under increasing threat from over discharge ANW.Conventional ANW treatment methods often encou...The treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater(ANW)has garnered significant attention due to the ecology,and even biology is under increasing threat from over discharge ANW.Conventional ANW treatment methods often encounter challenges such as complex processes,high costs and secondary pollution.Considerable progress has been made in employing solar-induced evaporators for wastewater treatment.However,there remain notable barriers to transitioning from fundamental research to practical applications,including insufficient evaporation rates and inadequate resistance to biofouling.Herein,we propose a novel evaporator,which comprises a bio-enzyme-treated wood aerogel that serves as water pumping and storage layer,a cost-effective multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated hydrophobic/hydrophilic fibrous nonwoven mat functioning as photothermal evaporation layer,and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules incorporated as anti-biofouling agent.The resultant bioinspired evaporator demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 12.83 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) when treating simulated ANW containing 30 wt%NH4Cl under 1.0 sun of illumination.AIE-doped evaporator exhibits remarkable photodynamic antibacterial activity against mildew and bacteria,ensuring outstanding resistance to biofouling over extended periods of wastewater treatment.When enhanced by natural wind under 1.0 sun irradiation,the evaporator achieves an impressive evaporation rate exceeding 20 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) .This advancement represents a promising and viable approach for the effective removal of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon te...AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) and subsequent treatment with or without metformin. The level of fibrosis was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius Red staining, and immunohistochemistry. The HSC cell line LX-2 was used for in vitro studies. The effect of metformin on cell proliferation(CCK8 assay),motility(scratch test and Transwell assay), contraction(collagen gel contraction assay), extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion(Western blot), and angiogenesis(ELISA and tube formation assay) was investigated. We also analyzed the possible signaling pathways involved by Western blot analysis.RESULTS Mice developed marked liver fibrosis after intraperitoneal injection with CCl_4 for 6 wk. Metformin decreased the activation of HSCs, reduced the deposition of ECM, and inhibited angiogenesis in CCl_4-treated mice. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) promoted the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vitro, while metformin inhibited the activation, proliferation, migration, and contraction of HSCs, and reduced the secretion of ECM. Metformin decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in HSCs through inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α in both PDGF-BB treatment and hypoxic conditions, and it down-regulated VEGF secretion by HSCs and inhibited HSC-based angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions in vitro. The inhibitory effects of metformin on activated HSCs were mediated by inhibiting the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathways via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK).CONCLUSION Metformin attenuates the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vivo and in vitro, and may therefore be useful for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.展开更多
At present, radical resection remains the only effective treatment for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The surgical approach for R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is complex and diverse, but for the bil...At present, radical resection remains the only effective treatment for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The surgical approach for R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is complex and diverse, but for the biliary reconstruction after resection, almost all surgeons use Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. A viable alternative to Roux-en-Y reconstruction after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has not yet been proposed. We report a case of performing duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction after radical resection of Bismuth Ⅲa hilar cholangiocarcinoma. End-to-end anastomosis between the left hepatic duct and the distal common bile duct was used for the biliary reconstruction, and a singlelayer continuous suture was performed along the bile duct using 5-0 prolene. The patient was discharged favorably without biliary fistula 2 wk later. Evidence for tumor recurrence was not found after an 18 mo follow- up. Performing bile duct end-to-end anastomosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma can simplify the complex digestive tract reconstruction process.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis and the underlying signaling pathways.METHODS: The effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis was examined using a human umbilical vascular endothelial cell(HUVEC...AIM: To investigate the effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis and the underlying signaling pathways.METHODS: The effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis was examined using a human umbilical vascular endothelial cell(HUVEC) model. The effect of carvedilol on cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of carvedilol on cell cycle progression. Cell migration, transwell migration and tube formation assays were performed to analyze the effect of carvedilol on HUVEC function. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) induced activation of HUVECs, which were pretreated with different carvedilol concentrations or none. Western blot analysis detected the phosphorylation levels of three cell signaling pathway proteins, VEGFR-2, Src, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK). The specific Src inhibitor PP2 was used to assess the role of Src in the VEGF-induced angiogenic pathway.RESULTS: Carvedilol inhibited HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner(IC50 = 38.5 mmol/L). The distribution of cells in the S phase decreased from 43.6% to 37.2%, 35.6% and 17.8% by 1, 5 and 10 μmol/L carvedilol for 24 h, respectively. Carvedilol(10 μmol/L) reduced VEGF-induced HUVEC migration from 67.54 ± 7.83 to 37.11 ± 3.533(P < 0.001). Carvedilol concentrations of 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L reduced cell invasion from 196.3% ± 18.76% to 114.0% ± 12.20% and 51.68% ± 8.28%, respectively. VEGFinduced tube formation was also reduced significantly by 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L carvedilol from 286.0 ± 36.72 to 135.7 ± 18.13(P < 0.05) and 80.27 ± 11.16(P < 0.01) respectively. We investigated several intracellular protein levels to determine the reason for these reductions. Treatment with 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 from 175.5% ± 8.54% to 52.67% ± 5.33%(P < 0.01). Additionally, 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation from 181.9% ± 18.61% to 56.45% ± 7.64%(P < 0.01). The VEGFinduced increase in Src kinase activity was alleviated by carvedilol [decreased from 141.8% ± 15.37% to 53.57 ± 7.18%(P < 0.01) and 47.04% ± 9.74%(P < 0.01) at concentrations of 5 and 10 μmol/L, respectively]. Pretreatment of HUVECs with Src kinase inhibitor almost completely prevented the VEGF-induced ERK upregulation [decreased from 213.2% ± 27.68% to 90.96% ± 17.16%(P < 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Carvedilol has an anti-angiogenic effect on HUVECs. This inhibitory effect is mediated by VEGF-induced Src-ERK signaling pathways.展开更多
AIM: To assess whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of small bowel obstructions (SBOs) secondary to gastric cancer and its role in treatment s...AIM: To assess whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of small bowel obstructions (SBOs) secondary to gastric cancer and its role in treatment strategies. METHODS: The medical records of all of the patients who were admitted for an intestinal obstruction after curative resection for gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. PET/CT was performed before a clinical treatment strategy was established for each patient. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with no evidence of a tumor recurrence and patients with evidence of a tumor recurrence. Tumor recurrences included a local recurrence, peritoneal carcinomatosis or distant metastases. The primary endpoint was the 1-year survival rate, and other variables included patient demographics, the length of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. RESULTS: The median time between a diagnosis of gastric cancer and the detection of a SBO was 1.4 years. Overall, 31 of 65 patients (47.7%) had evidence of a tumor recurrence on the PET/CT scan, which was the only factor that was associated with poor survival. Open and close surgery was the main type of surgical procedure reported for the patients with tumor recurrences. R0 resections were performed in 2 patients, including 1 who underwent combined adjacent organ resection. In the group with no evidence of a tumor recurrence on PET/CT, bowel resections were performed in 7 patients, adhesiolysis was performed in 7 patients, and a bypass was performed in 1 patient. The 1-year survival curves according to PET/CT evidence of a tumor recurrence vs no PET/CT evidence of a tumor recurrence were significantly different, and the 1-year survival rates were 8.8% vs 93.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences (P = 0.71) in the 1-year survival rates based on surgical vs nonsurgical management (0% with nonoperative treatment vs 20% after exploratory laparotomy). CONCLUSION: 18 F-FDG PET/CT can be used to identify the causes of bowel obstructions in patients with a history of gastric cancer, and this method is useful for planning the surgical management of these patients.展开更多
After being ingested and entering the human stomach,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)adopts several effective strategies to adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa and move to different regions of the stomach to obtain ...After being ingested and entering the human stomach,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)adopts several effective strategies to adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa and move to different regions of the stomach to obtain more nutrients and escape from the harsher environments of the stomach,leading to acute infection and chronic gastritis,which is the basis of malignant gastric tumors.The endoscopic manifestations and pathological features of H.pylori infection are diverse and vary with the duration of infection.In this review,we describe the endoscopic manifestations of each stage of H.pylori gastritis and then reveal the potential mechanisms of bacterial intragastric colonization and migration from the perspective of endoscopists to provide direction for future research on the effective therapy and management of H.pylori infection.展开更多
In this paper,an electrically active,ultra-thin,easy-to-implement,and tunable phononic crystal(PC)-based device is proposed to suppress excessive vibration in pipes conveying fluids.We demonstrate that this device can...In this paper,an electrically active,ultra-thin,easy-to-implement,and tunable phononic crystal(PC)-based device is proposed to suppress excessive vibration in pipes conveying fluids.We demonstrate that this device can be realized by periodic implementation of piezoelectric patches with shunt circuits on the pipe acting as PCs for vibration suppression.The mathematical model of the pipe structure is simplified to the form of the Euler Bernoulli beam,and the transfer matrix method and the finite element method are used to predict the effective bandgap.Conversion between mechanical vibration energy and electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect is observed.As a result,the pipe vibration is suppressed by combined Bragg and electroelastic bandgaps.The comparison with previous literature shows that this ultra-compact device provides a new solution for vibration and noise control in long-distance fluid-conveying pipe systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PNENs)are a rare group of neoplasms originating from the islets of the Langerhans.Portal vein tumor thrombosis has been reported in 33%of patients with PNENs.While the hi...BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PNENs)are a rare group of neoplasms originating from the islets of the Langerhans.Portal vein tumor thrombosis has been reported in 33%of patients with PNENs.While the histopathological diagnosis of PNENs is usually based on percutaneous biopsy or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA),these approaches may be impeded by gastric varices,poor access windows,or anatomically contiguous critical structures.Obtaining a pathological diagnosis using a gastroscope biopsy forceps via percutaneous transhepatic intravascular pathway is an innovative method that has rarely been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital for abdominal pain and melena.Abdominal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a wellenhanced tumor(size:2.4 cm×1.2 cm×1.2 cm)in the pancreatic tail with portal vein invasion.Traditional pathological diagnosis via EUS-FNA was not possible because of diffuse gastric varices.We performed a percutaneous transportal biopsy of the portal vein tumor thrombus using a gastroscope biopsy forceps.Histopathologic examination revealed a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(G2)with somatostatin receptors 2(+),allowing systemic treatment.CONCLUSION Intravascular biopsy using gastroscope biopsy forceps appears to be a safe and effective method for obtaining a histopathological diagnosis.Although welldesigned clinic trials are required to obtain more definitive evidence,this procedure may help improve the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis and related diseases.展开更多
Phononic crystals(PCs) have recently been developed as effective components for vibration suppression and sound absorption. As a typical design of PCs, wave attenuation occurs in the so-called stop-band. However, the ...Phononic crystals(PCs) have recently been developed as effective components for vibration suppression and sound absorption. As a typical design of PCs, wave attenuation occurs in the so-called stop-band. However, the structural response is still significantly large in the pass-band. In this paper, we combine PCs and acoustic black holes(ABHs) in a unique device, achieving a versatile device that can attenuate vibration in the stop-band, while suppress vibration in the pass-band. This approach provides a versatile platform for controlling vibration in a multiband with a simple design.展开更多
Investigation of the charge dynamics and roles of cocatalysts is crucial for understanding the reaction of photocatalytic water splitting on semiconductor photocatalysts.In this work,the dynamics of photogenerated ele...Investigation of the charge dynamics and roles of cocatalysts is crucial for understanding the reaction of photocatalytic water splitting on semiconductor photocatalysts.In this work,the dynamics of photogenerated electrons in Ga_(2)O_(3) loaded with Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh cocatalysts was studied using time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy.The structure of these Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh cocatalysts was identified with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and CO adsorption Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,as Rh particles partly covered with Cr_(2)O_(3).The decay dynamics of photogenerated electrons reveals that only the electrons trapped by the Rh particles efficiently participate in the H2 evolution reaction.The loaded Cr_(2)O_(3) promotes electron transfer from Ga_(2)O_(3) to Rh,which accelerates the electron-consuming reaction for H2 evolution.Based on these observations,a photocatalytic water-splitting mechanism for Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh/Ga_(2)O_(3) photocatalysts has been proposed.The elucidation of the roles of the Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh cocatalysts aids in further understanding the reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic water splitting and guiding the development of improved photocatalysts.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)encodes simply 15 proteins and thus depends on multiple host cellular factors for virus reproduction.Spastin,a microtubule severing protein,is an identified HIV-1 dependency factor...Human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)encodes simply 15 proteins and thus depends on multiple host cellular factors for virus reproduction.Spastin,a microtubule severing protein,is an identified HIV-1 dependency factor,but the mechanism regulating HIV-1 is unclear.Here,the study showed that knockdown of spastin inhibited the production of the intracellular HIV-1 Gag protein and new virions through enhancing Gag lysosomal degradation.Further investigation showed that increased sodium tolerance 1(IST1),the subunit of endosomal sorting complex required for transport(ESCRT),could interact with the MIT domain of spastin to regulate the intracellular Gag production.In summary,spastin is required for HIV-1 replication,while spastin-IST1 interaction facilitates virus production by regulating HIV-1 Gag intracellular trafficking and degradation.Spastin may serve as new target for HIV-1 prophylactic and therapy.展开更多
The nonlinear resonance response of an electrostatically actuated nanobeam is studied over the near-half natural frequency with an axial capacitor controller. A graphene sensor deformed by the vibrations of the nanobe...The nonlinear resonance response of an electrostatically actuated nanobeam is studied over the near-half natural frequency with an axial capacitor controller. A graphene sensor deformed by the vibrations of the nanobeam is used to produce the voltage signal. The voltage of the vibration graphene sensor is used as a control signal input to a closed- loop circuit to mitigate the nonlinear vibration of the nanobeam. An axial control force produced by the axial capacitor controller can transform the frequency-amplitude curves from nonlinear to linear. The necessary and sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the system stability and a saddle-node bifurcation are studied. The numerical simulations are conducted for uniform nanobeams. The nonlinear terms of the vibration system can be transformed into linear ones by applying the critical control voltage to the system. The nonlinear vibration phenomena can be avoided, and the vibration amplitude is mitigated evidently with the axial capacitor controller.展开更多
Considering that the fluid-conveying pipes made of fractional-order viscoelastic material such as polymeric materials with pulsatile flow are widely applied in engineering,we focus on the stability and bifurcation beh...Considering that the fluid-conveying pipes made of fractional-order viscoelastic material such as polymeric materials with pulsatile flow are widely applied in engineering,we focus on the stability and bifurcation behaviors in parametric resonance of a viscoelastic pipe resting on an elastic foundation.The Riemann–Liouville fractional-order constitutive equation is used to accurately describe the viscoelastic property.Based on this,the nonlinear governing equations are established according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and von Karman’s nonlinearity,with using the generalized Hamilton’s principle.The stability boundaries and steady-state responses undergoing parametric excitations are determined with the aid of the direct multiple-scale method.Some numerical examples are carried out to show the effects of fractional order and viscoelastic coefficient on the stability region and nonlinear bifurcation behaviors.It is noticeable that the fractional-order viscoelastic property can effectively reconstruct the dynamic behaviors,indicating that the stability of the pipes can be conspicuously enhanced by designing and tuning the fractional order of viscoelastic materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42471287 and 32201422)the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The share of wind and solar energy in global energy mix is rising rapidly.Despite their great potential for reducing carbon emissions,poorly planned wind and solar farms may encroach on socio-ecologically sensitive areas,threatening biodiversity and Indigenous people's traditional land uses.However,these potential risks associated with wind and solar farm development worldwide are poorly understood.Here,we evaluate the potential biodiversity and Indigenous risks from wind and solar energy development by examining the extent to which global wind and solar farms are situated within or adjacent to socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Our analysis revealed that 13,699 wind and solar farms or 14.4%of the farms'total footprint area are within protected areas,critical habitats,and Indigenous people's lands,occupying a total of 26,840 km^(2)of those socio-ecologically sensitive areas.Wind and solar farms overlap with the distribution ranges of 2,310 threatened amphibians,birds,mammals,and reptiles,accounting for 36.3%of the world's 6,362 threatened vertebrate species.The encroachment of solar and wind farms on sensitive areas mostly occurs in economically developed countries with substantial wind and solar energy facilities,while many developing countries in the tropics tend to have a higher proportion of such farms situated within sensitive areas.Compared to wind farms,solar farms pose greater risks to biodiversity and Indigenous people's lands.These findings provide valuable insights into the socio-ecological risks of wind and solar energy development and highlight the urgent need for strategic planning to mitigate the risks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82473949 and 82273955)Scientific research project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(No.M2022080)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,Technology and Education(ZDXK202234)Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital(YJXYY202204),China.
文摘The effective intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin(DOX)is crucial for improving antitumor efficacy,which is severely impeded by limited drug penetration,uncontrollable drug release,and drug resistance.In this study,a thermal-deformative polymer embedding ultrasmall ceria(CeO_(2))was rationally designed for deep tumor drug shuttling and hypoxia reversal to improve chemotherapy.Structurally,the CeO_(2)nanozyme was covalently grafted with a polymer of p(NIPAM-co-AM)that could sharply shrink for DOX loading,which was consolidated with polydopamine(PDA)film encapsulation.Thereafter,a tumor penetration guide of apolipoprotein A-I(apoA-I)conjugated iRGD peptide(apoA-I-iRGD)was further decorated onto the PDA shell via Michael addition for preparing CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA.With the aid of apoA-I-iRGD,CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA penetrated both the tumor spheroids(∼78μm)and the tumors of the mouse model deeply.After internalization by tumor cells and triggering by low pH in lysosomes,rapid DOX release was achieved by peeling off the PDA shell and thermosensitive deformation of p(NIPAM-co-AM).CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA provided 66.4%tumor suppression in 4T1-derived tumor spheroids and 63.2%in 4T1-tumorbearing mice,respectively.Preliminary mechanistic research involving western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that CeO_(2)P/DOX@iAPDA reversed resistance through the through HIF-1α-P-gp/lipid axis.Collectively,this study intelligently integrated CeO_(2)nanozymes,temperature-sensitive polymers,and imitated biochemical modifications to improve chemotherapy for breast cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203226)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232023G-06).
文摘The treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater(ANW)has garnered significant attention due to the ecology,and even biology is under increasing threat from over discharge ANW.Conventional ANW treatment methods often encounter challenges such as complex processes,high costs and secondary pollution.Considerable progress has been made in employing solar-induced evaporators for wastewater treatment.However,there remain notable barriers to transitioning from fundamental research to practical applications,including insufficient evaporation rates and inadequate resistance to biofouling.Herein,we propose a novel evaporator,which comprises a bio-enzyme-treated wood aerogel that serves as water pumping and storage layer,a cost-effective multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated hydrophobic/hydrophilic fibrous nonwoven mat functioning as photothermal evaporation layer,and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules incorporated as anti-biofouling agent.The resultant bioinspired evaporator demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 12.83 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) when treating simulated ANW containing 30 wt%NH4Cl under 1.0 sun of illumination.AIE-doped evaporator exhibits remarkable photodynamic antibacterial activity against mildew and bacteria,ensuring outstanding resistance to biofouling over extended periods of wastewater treatment.When enhanced by natural wind under 1.0 sun irradiation,the evaporator achieves an impressive evaporation rate exceeding 20 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) .This advancement represents a promising and viable approach for the effective removal of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81370590
文摘AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved. METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) and subsequent treatment with or without metformin. The level of fibrosis was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius Red staining, and immunohistochemistry. The HSC cell line LX-2 was used for in vitro studies. The effect of metformin on cell proliferation(CCK8 assay),motility(scratch test and Transwell assay), contraction(collagen gel contraction assay), extracellular matrix(ECM) secretion(Western blot), and angiogenesis(ELISA and tube formation assay) was investigated. We also analyzed the possible signaling pathways involved by Western blot analysis.RESULTS Mice developed marked liver fibrosis after intraperitoneal injection with CCl_4 for 6 wk. Metformin decreased the activation of HSCs, reduced the deposition of ECM, and inhibited angiogenesis in CCl_4-treated mice. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) promoted the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vitro, while metformin inhibited the activation, proliferation, migration, and contraction of HSCs, and reduced the secretion of ECM. Metformin decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in HSCs through inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α in both PDGF-BB treatment and hypoxic conditions, and it down-regulated VEGF secretion by HSCs and inhibited HSC-based angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions in vitro. The inhibitory effects of metformin on activated HSCs were mediated by inhibiting the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathways via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK).CONCLUSION Metformin attenuates the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vivo and in vitro, and may therefore be useful for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
文摘At present, radical resection remains the only effective treatment for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The surgical approach for R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is complex and diverse, but for the biliary reconstruction after resection, almost all surgeons use Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. A viable alternative to Roux-en-Y reconstruction after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has not yet been proposed. We report a case of performing duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction after radical resection of Bismuth Ⅲa hilar cholangiocarcinoma. End-to-end anastomosis between the left hepatic duct and the distal common bile duct was used for the biliary reconstruction, and a singlelayer continuous suture was performed along the bile duct using 5-0 prolene. The patient was discharged favorably without biliary fistula 2 wk later. Evidence for tumor recurrence was not found after an 18 mo follow- up. Performing bile duct end-to-end anastomosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma can simplify the complex digestive tract reconstruction process.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81370590
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis and the underlying signaling pathways.METHODS: The effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis was examined using a human umbilical vascular endothelial cell(HUVEC) model. The effect of carvedilol on cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of carvedilol on cell cycle progression. Cell migration, transwell migration and tube formation assays were performed to analyze the effect of carvedilol on HUVEC function. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) induced activation of HUVECs, which were pretreated with different carvedilol concentrations or none. Western blot analysis detected the phosphorylation levels of three cell signaling pathway proteins, VEGFR-2, Src, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK). The specific Src inhibitor PP2 was used to assess the role of Src in the VEGF-induced angiogenic pathway.RESULTS: Carvedilol inhibited HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner(IC50 = 38.5 mmol/L). The distribution of cells in the S phase decreased from 43.6% to 37.2%, 35.6% and 17.8% by 1, 5 and 10 μmol/L carvedilol for 24 h, respectively. Carvedilol(10 μmol/L) reduced VEGF-induced HUVEC migration from 67.54 ± 7.83 to 37.11 ± 3.533(P < 0.001). Carvedilol concentrations of 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L reduced cell invasion from 196.3% ± 18.76% to 114.0% ± 12.20% and 51.68% ± 8.28%, respectively. VEGFinduced tube formation was also reduced significantly by 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L carvedilol from 286.0 ± 36.72 to 135.7 ± 18.13(P < 0.05) and 80.27 ± 11.16(P < 0.01) respectively. We investigated several intracellular protein levels to determine the reason for these reductions. Treatment with 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 from 175.5% ± 8.54% to 52.67% ± 5.33%(P < 0.01). Additionally, 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation from 181.9% ± 18.61% to 56.45% ± 7.64%(P < 0.01). The VEGFinduced increase in Src kinase activity was alleviated by carvedilol [decreased from 141.8% ± 15.37% to 53.57 ± 7.18%(P < 0.01) and 47.04% ± 9.74%(P < 0.01) at concentrations of 5 and 10 μmol/L, respectively]. Pretreatment of HUVECs with Src kinase inhibitor almost completely prevented the VEGF-induced ERK upregulation [decreased from 213.2% ± 27.68% to 90.96% ± 17.16%(P < 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Carvedilol has an anti-angiogenic effect on HUVECs. This inhibitory effect is mediated by VEGF-induced Src-ERK signaling pathways.
文摘AIM: To assess whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of small bowel obstructions (SBOs) secondary to gastric cancer and its role in treatment strategies. METHODS: The medical records of all of the patients who were admitted for an intestinal obstruction after curative resection for gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. PET/CT was performed before a clinical treatment strategy was established for each patient. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with no evidence of a tumor recurrence and patients with evidence of a tumor recurrence. Tumor recurrences included a local recurrence, peritoneal carcinomatosis or distant metastases. The primary endpoint was the 1-year survival rate, and other variables included patient demographics, the length of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. RESULTS: The median time between a diagnosis of gastric cancer and the detection of a SBO was 1.4 years. Overall, 31 of 65 patients (47.7%) had evidence of a tumor recurrence on the PET/CT scan, which was the only factor that was associated with poor survival. Open and close surgery was the main type of surgical procedure reported for the patients with tumor recurrences. R0 resections were performed in 2 patients, including 1 who underwent combined adjacent organ resection. In the group with no evidence of a tumor recurrence on PET/CT, bowel resections were performed in 7 patients, adhesiolysis was performed in 7 patients, and a bypass was performed in 1 patient. The 1-year survival curves according to PET/CT evidence of a tumor recurrence vs no PET/CT evidence of a tumor recurrence were significantly different, and the 1-year survival rates were 8.8% vs 93.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences (P = 0.71) in the 1-year survival rates based on surgical vs nonsurgical management (0% with nonoperative treatment vs 20% after exploratory laparotomy). CONCLUSION: 18 F-FDG PET/CT can be used to identify the causes of bowel obstructions in patients with a history of gastric cancer, and this method is useful for planning the surgical management of these patients.
基金Medical Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province,No.202103030765Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2021QH195 and No.ZR2020QH035.
文摘After being ingested and entering the human stomach,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)adopts several effective strategies to adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa and move to different regions of the stomach to obtain more nutrients and escape from the harsher environments of the stomach,leading to acute infection and chronic gastritis,which is the basis of malignant gastric tumors.The endoscopic manifestations and pathological features of H.pylori infection are diverse and vary with the duration of infection.In this review,we describe the endoscopic manifestations of each stage of H.pylori gastritis and then reveal the potential mechanisms of bacterial intragastric colonization and migration from the perspective of endoscopists to provide direction for future research on the effective therapy and management of H.pylori infection.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Numbers 11972245,11672187,11902001]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project[Grant Number 2018M641643].
文摘In this paper,an electrically active,ultra-thin,easy-to-implement,and tunable phononic crystal(PC)-based device is proposed to suppress excessive vibration in pipes conveying fluids.We demonstrate that this device can be realized by periodic implementation of piezoelectric patches with shunt circuits on the pipe acting as PCs for vibration suppression.The mathematical model of the pipe structure is simplified to the form of the Euler Bernoulli beam,and the transfer matrix method and the finite element method are used to predict the effective bandgap.Conversion between mechanical vibration energy and electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect is observed.As a result,the pipe vibration is suppressed by combined Bragg and electroelastic bandgaps.The comparison with previous literature shows that this ultra-compact device provides a new solution for vibration and noise control in long-distance fluid-conveying pipe systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11172197,11332008 and 11572215)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin through a key-project Grant(12JCZDJC30400)the UC MEXUS-CONACy T through the project Hybridizing Set Oriented Methods and Evolutionary Strategies to Obtain Fast and Reliable Multi-objective Optimization Algorithms
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82000566Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2020QH036 and No.ZR2022MH010.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PNENs)are a rare group of neoplasms originating from the islets of the Langerhans.Portal vein tumor thrombosis has been reported in 33%of patients with PNENs.While the histopathological diagnosis of PNENs is usually based on percutaneous biopsy or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA),these approaches may be impeded by gastric varices,poor access windows,or anatomically contiguous critical structures.Obtaining a pathological diagnosis using a gastroscope biopsy forceps via percutaneous transhepatic intravascular pathway is an innovative method that has rarely been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital for abdominal pain and melena.Abdominal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a wellenhanced tumor(size:2.4 cm×1.2 cm×1.2 cm)in the pancreatic tail with portal vein invasion.Traditional pathological diagnosis via EUS-FNA was not possible because of diffuse gastric varices.We performed a percutaneous transportal biopsy of the portal vein tumor thrombus using a gastroscope biopsy forceps.Histopathologic examination revealed a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(G2)with somatostatin receptors 2(+),allowing systemic treatment.CONCLUSION Intravascular biopsy using gastroscope biopsy forceps appears to be a safe and effective method for obtaining a histopathological diagnosis.Although welldesigned clinic trials are required to obtain more definitive evidence,this procedure may help improve the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis and related diseases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51575378,11972245,and 11672187)。
文摘Phononic crystals(PCs) have recently been developed as effective components for vibration suppression and sound absorption. As a typical design of PCs, wave attenuation occurs in the so-called stop-band. However, the structural response is still significantly large in the pass-band. In this paper, we combine PCs and acoustic black holes(ABHs) in a unique device, achieving a versatile device that can attenuate vibration in the stop-band, while suppress vibration in the pass-band. This approach provides a versatile platform for controlling vibration in a multiband with a simple design.
文摘Investigation of the charge dynamics and roles of cocatalysts is crucial for understanding the reaction of photocatalytic water splitting on semiconductor photocatalysts.In this work,the dynamics of photogenerated electrons in Ga_(2)O_(3) loaded with Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh cocatalysts was studied using time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy.The structure of these Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh cocatalysts was identified with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and CO adsorption Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,as Rh particles partly covered with Cr_(2)O_(3).The decay dynamics of photogenerated electrons reveals that only the electrons trapped by the Rh particles efficiently participate in the H2 evolution reaction.The loaded Cr_(2)O_(3) promotes electron transfer from Ga_(2)O_(3) to Rh,which accelerates the electron-consuming reaction for H2 evolution.Based on these observations,a photocatalytic water-splitting mechanism for Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh/Ga_(2)O_(3) photocatalysts has been proposed.The elucidation of the roles of the Cr_(2)O_(3)-Rh cocatalysts aids in further understanding the reaction mechanisms of photocatalytic water splitting and guiding the development of improved photocatalysts.
基金We greatly appreciate Prof.Charles Wood(University of Nebraska,Lincoln,USA)for the gift of the infectious molecular clones(pNL4.3,pNL4.3ΔEnvEGFP,and pVSV-G).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571987)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(20JCQNJC01750,21JCQNJC01600).
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)encodes simply 15 proteins and thus depends on multiple host cellular factors for virus reproduction.Spastin,a microtubule severing protein,is an identified HIV-1 dependency factor,but the mechanism regulating HIV-1 is unclear.Here,the study showed that knockdown of spastin inhibited the production of the intracellular HIV-1 Gag protein and new virions through enhancing Gag lysosomal degradation.Further investigation showed that increased sodium tolerance 1(IST1),the subunit of endosomal sorting complex required for transport(ESCRT),could interact with the MIT domain of spastin to regulate the intracellular Gag production.In summary,spastin is required for HIV-1 replication,while spastin-IST1 interaction facilitates virus production by regulating HIV-1 Gag intracellular trafficking and degradation.Spastin may serve as new target for HIV-1 prophylactic and therapy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51275280 and51575325)
文摘The nonlinear resonance response of an electrostatically actuated nanobeam is studied over the near-half natural frequency with an axial capacitor controller. A graphene sensor deformed by the vibrations of the nanobeam is used to produce the voltage signal. The voltage of the vibration graphene sensor is used as a control signal input to a closed- loop circuit to mitigate the nonlinear vibration of the nanobeam. An axial control force produced by the axial capacitor controller can transform the frequency-amplitude curves from nonlinear to linear. The necessary and sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the system stability and a saddle-node bifurcation are studied. The numerical simulations are conducted for uniform nanobeams. The nonlinear terms of the vibration system can be transformed into linear ones by applying the critical control voltage to the system. The nonlinear vibration phenomena can be avoided, and the vibration amplitude is mitigated evidently with the axial capacitor controller.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11902001,12132010)Postgraduate Scientific Research Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Anhui Province(YJS20210445)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1908085QA13)the Middle-aged Top-notch Talent Program of Anhui Polytechnic University.
文摘Considering that the fluid-conveying pipes made of fractional-order viscoelastic material such as polymeric materials with pulsatile flow are widely applied in engineering,we focus on the stability and bifurcation behaviors in parametric resonance of a viscoelastic pipe resting on an elastic foundation.The Riemann–Liouville fractional-order constitutive equation is used to accurately describe the viscoelastic property.Based on this,the nonlinear governing equations are established according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and von Karman’s nonlinearity,with using the generalized Hamilton’s principle.The stability boundaries and steady-state responses undergoing parametric excitations are determined with the aid of the direct multiple-scale method.Some numerical examples are carried out to show the effects of fractional order and viscoelastic coefficient on the stability region and nonlinear bifurcation behaviors.It is noticeable that the fractional-order viscoelastic property can effectively reconstruct the dynamic behaviors,indicating that the stability of the pipes can be conspicuously enhanced by designing and tuning the fractional order of viscoelastic materials.
