Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global preva...Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global prevalence,the biodiversity of Bradyrhizobium is underreported,particularly in tropical regions.The genus encompasses multiple species with varying symbiotic abilities,and genetic diversity is influenced by environmental factors and soil management practices.These species are prevalent in dry,acidic soils,particularly in Australia and South America.These nitrogen(N)-fixing bacteria thrive in diverse and challenging soil environments,exhibiting resilience through metabolic diversity,stress tolerance,and the ability to utilize various carbon(C)sources.Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium is a highly energy-demanding process that converts atmospheric N(N_(2))into ammonia(NH_(3))under microaerobic conditions.The efficiency of symbiotic N fixation is influenced by environmental stresses,soil conditions,and the genetic diversity of the rhizobial community.This review focuses on the role of Bradyrhizobium in alleviating abiotic stresses and ameliorating biotic stresses in plants.Bradyrhizobium plays a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants,such as salinity,drought,and extreme temperatures.Through symbiotic relationships,Bradyrhizobium helps plants to mobilize nutrients,produce phytohormones,and enhance stress tolerance by antioxidative mechanisms,ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity.This review highlights the importance of Bradyrhizobium in sustainable agricultural practices,which emphasizes its potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and improve plant resilience to environmental stresses.This review focuses on the progress made in understanding its biodiversity to date and sets the stage for further exploration of the specific mechanisms through which Bradyrhizobium mitigates stress in plants.展开更多
基金the University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.191620133242)。
文摘Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global prevalence,the biodiversity of Bradyrhizobium is underreported,particularly in tropical regions.The genus encompasses multiple species with varying symbiotic abilities,and genetic diversity is influenced by environmental factors and soil management practices.These species are prevalent in dry,acidic soils,particularly in Australia and South America.These nitrogen(N)-fixing bacteria thrive in diverse and challenging soil environments,exhibiting resilience through metabolic diversity,stress tolerance,and the ability to utilize various carbon(C)sources.Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium is a highly energy-demanding process that converts atmospheric N(N_(2))into ammonia(NH_(3))under microaerobic conditions.The efficiency of symbiotic N fixation is influenced by environmental stresses,soil conditions,and the genetic diversity of the rhizobial community.This review focuses on the role of Bradyrhizobium in alleviating abiotic stresses and ameliorating biotic stresses in plants.Bradyrhizobium plays a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants,such as salinity,drought,and extreme temperatures.Through symbiotic relationships,Bradyrhizobium helps plants to mobilize nutrients,produce phytohormones,and enhance stress tolerance by antioxidative mechanisms,ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity.This review highlights the importance of Bradyrhizobium in sustainable agricultural practices,which emphasizes its potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and improve plant resilience to environmental stresses.This review focuses on the progress made in understanding its biodiversity to date and sets the stage for further exploration of the specific mechanisms through which Bradyrhizobium mitigates stress in plants.
