Agriculture is a major contributor to the global economy,accounting for approximately 70%of the freshwater use,which cause significant stress on aquifers in intensively irrigated regions.This stress often leads to the...Agriculture is a major contributor to the global economy,accounting for approximately 70%of the freshwater use,which cause significant stress on aquifers in intensively irrigated regions.This stress often leads to the decline in both the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.This study is focused on an intensively irrigated region of Northern India to investigate the sources and mechanism of groundwater recharge using a novel integrated approach combining isotope hydrology,Artificial Neural Network(ANN),and hydrogeochemical models.The study identifies several key sources of groundwater recharge,including natural precipitation,river infiltration,Irrigation Return Flow(IRF),and recharge from canals.Some groundwater samples exhibit mixing from various sources.Groundwater recharge from IRF is found to be isotopically enriched due to evaporation and characterized by high Cl−.Stable isotope modeling of evaporative enrichment in irrigated water helped to differentiate the IRF during various cultivation periods(Kharif and Rabi)and deduce the climatic conditions prevailed during the time of recharge.The model quantified that 29%of the irrigated water is lost due to evaporation during the Kharif period and 20%during the Rabi period,reflecting the seasonal variations in IRF contribution to the groundwater.The ANN model,trained with isotope hydrogeochemical data,effectively captures the complex interrelationships between various recharge sources,providing a robust framework for understanding the groundwater dynamics in the study area.A conceptual model was developed to visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge sources,highlighting how seasonal irrigation practices influence the groundwater.The integration of isotope hydrology with ANN methodologies proved to be effective in elucidating the multiple sources and processes of groundwater recharge,offering insights into the sustainability of aquifer systems in intensively irrigated regions.These findings are critical for developing data-driven groundwater management strategies that can adapt to future challenges,including climate change,shifting land use patterns,and evolving agricultural demands.The results have significant implications for policymakers and water resource managers seeking to ensure sustainable groundwater use in water-scarce regions.展开更多
The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bu...The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.展开更多
Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is lik...Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） are known to have bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs and its antibacterial properties. The Ag NPs were synthesize...Silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） are known to have bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs and its antibacterial properties. The Ag NPs were synthesized using Pseudomonas sp. THG-LS1.4 strain which had been isolated from soil. The Ag NPs were characterized by field emission-transmission electron microscopy（FE-TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform-infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy, and particle size distribution（DLS）. The Ag NPs displayed maximum absorbance at 412 nm and were irregular in shape ranging from 10 to 40 nm. The XRD spectroscopy results demonstrated the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. The Ag NPs showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida tropicalis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the Ag NPs were also evaluated for their increased antibacterial activities with various antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Additionally, Ag NPs showd biofilm inhibition activity. The biosynthesized Ag NPs were found to be a potent agent against tested pathogens. More importantly, we highlight the applications of Ag NPs as an antimicrobial agent.展开更多
Dear Editor,Dengue infection is one of the emerging concerns for public health on a global scale.Over the past few years,dengue transmission has increased in the Americas,the western Pacific and southeast Asia.The mag...Dear Editor,Dengue infection is one of the emerging concerns for public health on a global scale.Over the past few years,dengue transmission has increased in the Americas,the western Pacific and southeast Asia.The magnitude,distribution,and clinical severity of dengue outbreaks have been an alarming signal in the southeast Asia region.Major outbreaks have been reported in countries in展开更多
We documented(ⅰ) the decolorization of wastewater in visible light,which contains methyl orange,crystal violet and indigo carmine dyes,using La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.0,0.05,0.1 and 0.5) manganites and(...We documented(ⅰ) the decolorization of wastewater in visible light,which contains methyl orange,crystal violet and indigo carmine dyes,using La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.0,0.05,0.1 and 0.5) manganites and(ⅱ) efficient separation of photocatalysts from water using magnetic field.These ceramic photocatalysts were sintered at 1050℃ for 12 h.Ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy(SXAS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS).SXAS studies show the presence of Mn(Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)) and Fe(Fe^(3+)/Fe^(4+)) mixes valences in Fe-doped compositions.Optical band gap is found in visible light range for La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.0,0.05,0.1) compositions.La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3) degrades 94.6% methyl orange in7 min,81.9% crystal violet in 10 min and 99.1% indigo carmine in 5 min.La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3) degrades the 92.6% methyl orange dye solution in 9 min,94.8% crystal violet in 25 min and 97.1% indigo carmine in3 min.Parent and Fe doped manganites can be separated in 60 s from wastewater.展开更多
Carcinoma cervix is a major cancer of women killing 510,000 women every year worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of cervical cells initiates the transformation of the cervical cells to malignant stage. HP...Carcinoma cervix is a major cancer of women killing 510,000 women every year worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of cervical cells initiates the transformation of the cervical cells to malignant stage. HPV-16 is the most frequent type of HPV causing these changes. We report here the elimination of HPV-16 from the infected cells of all (11/11) women positive for HPV-16 by 30 intra-vaginal intakes of BASANT.展开更多
In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system.These modern methods differ...In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system.These modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials science.The fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applica-tions in a wide range of areas,including therapy to diagnosis.The focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles,providing a concise description of hybrid silver nano-particles,exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles,and highlighting their advantages.Addi-tionally,we discussed core-shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category,such as dielectric,metal,or semiconductor.The two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also reviewed.Furthermore,various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal nanoparticles.This choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge,which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid solution.Silica shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness,robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid nanoparticle.Therefore,among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles;silica is highly approved.展开更多
Cotton waste fabrics are currently preferred over lignocellulose feedstocks for the production of bioethanol due to presence of higher percentage of cellulose and lower percentage of hemicellulose and lignin.Aspergill...Cotton waste fabrics are currently preferred over lignocellulose feedstocks for the production of bioethanol due to presence of higher percentage of cellulose and lower percentage of hemicellulose and lignin.Aspergillus sp.with ability of secreting cellulase enzyme has converted pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol via solid state fermentation process.In this study,A.terreus MZ769058 as new fungal strain had showed significant production of bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of pre-treated cotton fabrics waste.This fungal strain was immobilized using sodium alginate entrapment methodology.The production of ethanol was estimated as 58.06 g/l via solid state fermentation process of media supplemented with 1.5 g cotton fabrics after inoculation with immobilized beads of A.terreus MZ769058.The production of ethanol was enhanced by 1.03 times after optimization of fermentative condition with immobilized cell beads.Response surface methodology was applied for optimization of parameters such as media pH(1.5-9.5),temperature(20-60°C),fermentation time(24-72 h),and number of immobilization beads(5-25).Regression analysis with 99.43%value of coefficient of determination(R2)had confirmed the quadratic model for these variables.The interactive effects of variables were studied by contour plots and response surface plots.The predicted yield of bioethanol was further validated by performing experiment of solid-state fermentation process under the optimized predicted variables at pH(5.5),temperature(30°C),fermentation time period(48 h)and immobilized beads(20).The production of bioethanol was enhanced up to 60.02 g/l under these optimum variables.The product of ethanol was further characterised using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.FTIR analysis had confirmed aromatic skeleton vibration in C-O stretching with the functional group at 1007.28,1069.92,1122.851636.60 and 855.29 cm^(−1).The acetyl group in hemicellulose’s molecules with C-H and C-O stretching had been also confirmed with peak at 1381.56 cm^(−1) and 1122.85 cm^(−1).The immobilized beads of this new fungal strain could be used efficiently for production of ethanol in media supplemented with cotton waste fabrics at large scale in industrial sector in future.展开更多
This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the cycle.The stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a ...This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the cycle.The stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a policy of providing price discount to uplift the market demand.Preservation technology is applied to preserve the items from deterioration.The objective of this model is to maximize the total profit function by finding the optimal replenishment time,the optimal preservation technology investment and the optimal quantity.Next,we have shown that the total profit is a concave function of the replenishment time and preservation technology cost.Discount in pricing may be offered at a time of festival,season breaks down,lockdown and clearance of stock,before introducing a new product with up-gradations,etc.Numerical examples and graphical analysis are provided to explain the model.The discount policy could help any business organizations for smooth running of the business and obtain respective optimal profit.展开更多
基金This study was conducted as a part of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project(CRP)“Isotope techniques for the evaluation of water sources in irrigation systems(F-33025)”。
文摘Agriculture is a major contributor to the global economy,accounting for approximately 70%of the freshwater use,which cause significant stress on aquifers in intensively irrigated regions.This stress often leads to the decline in both the quantity and quality of groundwater resources.This study is focused on an intensively irrigated region of Northern India to investigate the sources and mechanism of groundwater recharge using a novel integrated approach combining isotope hydrology,Artificial Neural Network(ANN),and hydrogeochemical models.The study identifies several key sources of groundwater recharge,including natural precipitation,river infiltration,Irrigation Return Flow(IRF),and recharge from canals.Some groundwater samples exhibit mixing from various sources.Groundwater recharge from IRF is found to be isotopically enriched due to evaporation and characterized by high Cl−.Stable isotope modeling of evaporative enrichment in irrigated water helped to differentiate the IRF during various cultivation periods(Kharif and Rabi)and deduce the climatic conditions prevailed during the time of recharge.The model quantified that 29%of the irrigated water is lost due to evaporation during the Kharif period and 20%during the Rabi period,reflecting the seasonal variations in IRF contribution to the groundwater.The ANN model,trained with isotope hydrogeochemical data,effectively captures the complex interrelationships between various recharge sources,providing a robust framework for understanding the groundwater dynamics in the study area.A conceptual model was developed to visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge sources,highlighting how seasonal irrigation practices influence the groundwater.The integration of isotope hydrology with ANN methodologies proved to be effective in elucidating the multiple sources and processes of groundwater recharge,offering insights into the sustainability of aquifer systems in intensively irrigated regions.These findings are critical for developing data-driven groundwater management strategies that can adapt to future challenges,including climate change,shifting land use patterns,and evolving agricultural demands.The results have significant implications for policymakers and water resource managers seeking to ensure sustainable groundwater use in water-scarce regions.
文摘The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.
文摘Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.
基金Authors are grateful to Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for financial support under Women＇s Scientist Scheme and Director, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow for providing facilities to conduct this study.
基金conducted under the industrial infrastructure program (No. N0000888) for fundamental technologies which is funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea)
文摘Silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） are known to have bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs and its antibacterial properties. The Ag NPs were synthesized using Pseudomonas sp. THG-LS1.4 strain which had been isolated from soil. The Ag NPs were characterized by field emission-transmission electron microscopy（FE-TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform-infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy, and particle size distribution（DLS）. The Ag NPs displayed maximum absorbance at 412 nm and were irregular in shape ranging from 10 to 40 nm. The XRD spectroscopy results demonstrated the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. The Ag NPs showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida tropicalis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the Ag NPs were also evaluated for their increased antibacterial activities with various antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Additionally, Ag NPs showd biofilm inhibition activity. The biosynthesized Ag NPs were found to be a potent agent against tested pathogens. More importantly, we highlight the applications of Ag NPs as an antimicrobial agent.
基金partial financial support from Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),Delhi during the course of this study
文摘Dear Editor,Dengue infection is one of the emerging concerns for public health on a global scale.Over the past few years,dengue transmission has increased in the Americas,the western Pacific and southeast Asia.The magnitude,distribution,and clinical severity of dengue outbreaks have been an alarming signal in the southeast Asia region.Major outbreaks have been reported in countries in
基金the UGC-DAE-Consortium for Scientific Research (CSR),Indore Centre for providing financial support under the CRS project scheme fordoing SXAS experiments and P.Singh for project fellowship。
文摘We documented(ⅰ) the decolorization of wastewater in visible light,which contains methyl orange,crystal violet and indigo carmine dyes,using La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.0,0.05,0.1 and 0.5) manganites and(ⅱ) efficient separation of photocatalysts from water using magnetic field.These ceramic photocatalysts were sintered at 1050℃ for 12 h.Ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy(SXAS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS).SXAS studies show the presence of Mn(Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)) and Fe(Fe^(3+)/Fe^(4+)) mixes valences in Fe-doped compositions.Optical band gap is found in visible light range for La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.0,0.05,0.1) compositions.La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3) degrades 94.6% methyl orange in7 min,81.9% crystal violet in 10 min and 99.1% indigo carmine in 5 min.La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3) degrades the 92.6% methyl orange dye solution in 9 min,94.8% crystal violet in 25 min and 97.1% indigo carmine in3 min.Parent and Fe doped manganites can be separated in 60 s from wastewater.
文摘Carcinoma cervix is a major cancer of women killing 510,000 women every year worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of cervical cells initiates the transformation of the cervical cells to malignant stage. HPV-16 is the most frequent type of HPV causing these changes. We report here the elimination of HPV-16 from the infected cells of all (11/11) women positive for HPV-16 by 30 intra-vaginal intakes of BASANT.
文摘In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system.These modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials science.The fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applica-tions in a wide range of areas,including therapy to diagnosis.The focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles,providing a concise description of hybrid silver nano-particles,exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles,and highlighting their advantages.Addi-tionally,we discussed core-shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category,such as dielectric,metal,or semiconductor.The two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also reviewed.Furthermore,various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal nanoparticles.This choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge,which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid solution.Silica shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness,robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid nanoparticle.Therefore,among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles;silica is highly approved.
文摘Cotton waste fabrics are currently preferred over lignocellulose feedstocks for the production of bioethanol due to presence of higher percentage of cellulose and lower percentage of hemicellulose and lignin.Aspergillus sp.with ability of secreting cellulase enzyme has converted pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol via solid state fermentation process.In this study,A.terreus MZ769058 as new fungal strain had showed significant production of bioethanol by anaerobic fermentation of pre-treated cotton fabrics waste.This fungal strain was immobilized using sodium alginate entrapment methodology.The production of ethanol was estimated as 58.06 g/l via solid state fermentation process of media supplemented with 1.5 g cotton fabrics after inoculation with immobilized beads of A.terreus MZ769058.The production of ethanol was enhanced by 1.03 times after optimization of fermentative condition with immobilized cell beads.Response surface methodology was applied for optimization of parameters such as media pH(1.5-9.5),temperature(20-60°C),fermentation time(24-72 h),and number of immobilization beads(5-25).Regression analysis with 99.43%value of coefficient of determination(R2)had confirmed the quadratic model for these variables.The interactive effects of variables were studied by contour plots and response surface plots.The predicted yield of bioethanol was further validated by performing experiment of solid-state fermentation process under the optimized predicted variables at pH(5.5),temperature(30°C),fermentation time period(48 h)and immobilized beads(20).The production of bioethanol was enhanced up to 60.02 g/l under these optimum variables.The product of ethanol was further characterised using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.FTIR analysis had confirmed aromatic skeleton vibration in C-O stretching with the functional group at 1007.28,1069.92,1122.851636.60 and 855.29 cm^(−1).The acetyl group in hemicellulose’s molecules with C-H and C-O stretching had been also confirmed with peak at 1381.56 cm^(−1) and 1122.85 cm^(−1).The immobilized beads of this new fungal strain could be used efficiently for production of ethanol in media supplemented with cotton waste fabrics at large scale in industrial sector in future.
文摘This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the cycle.The stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a policy of providing price discount to uplift the market demand.Preservation technology is applied to preserve the items from deterioration.The objective of this model is to maximize the total profit function by finding the optimal replenishment time,the optimal preservation technology investment and the optimal quantity.Next,we have shown that the total profit is a concave function of the replenishment time and preservation technology cost.Discount in pricing may be offered at a time of festival,season breaks down,lockdown and clearance of stock,before introducing a new product with up-gradations,etc.Numerical examples and graphical analysis are provided to explain the model.The discount policy could help any business organizations for smooth running of the business and obtain respective optimal profit.
