“Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs)”,which use“Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)”,are developing as a critical mechanism for numerous applications,such as military operations and civilian services.The dynamic nature of F...“Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs)”,which use“Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)”,are developing as a critical mechanism for numerous applications,such as military operations and civilian services.The dynamic nature of FANETs,with high mobility,quick node migration,and frequent topology changes,presents substantial hurdles for routing protocol development.Over the preceding few years,researchers have found that machine learning gives productive solutions in routing while preserving the nature of FANET,which is topology change and high mobility.This paper reviews current research on routing protocols and Machine Learning(ML)approaches applied to FANETs,emphasizing developments between 2021 and 2023.The research uses the PRISMA approach to sift through the literature,filtering results from the SCOPUS database to find 82 relevant publications.The research study uses machine learning-based routing algorithms to beat the issues of high mobility,dynamic topologies,and intermittent connection in FANETs.When compared with conventional routing,it gives an energy-efficient and fast decision-making solution in a real-time environment,with greater fault tolerance capabilities.These protocols aim to increase routing efficiency,flexibility,and network stability using ML’s predictive and adaptive capabilities.This comprehensive review seeks to integrate existing information,offer novel integration approaches,and recommend future research topics for improving routing efficiency and flexibility in FANETs.Moreover,the study highlights emerging trends in ML integration,discusses challenges faced during the review,and discusses overcoming these hurdles in future research.展开更多
The present study delves into the application of investigating quantum state behaviour,particularly focusing on coherent and superposition states.These states,characterized by their remarkable stability and precision,...The present study delves into the application of investigating quantum state behaviour,particularly focusing on coherent and superposition states.These states,characterized by their remarkable stability and precision,have found extensive utility in various domains of quantum mechanics and quantum information processing.Coherent states are valuable for manipulating quantum systems with accuracy.Superposition states allow quantum systems to exist in numerous configurations at the same time,which paves the way for quantum computing’s capacity for parallel processing.The research accentuates the crucial role of quantum error correction(QEC)in ensuring the stability and reliability of quantum information processing systems.Quantum systems are prone to errors from decoherence and environmental noise,making QEC essential for ensuring accurate results by employing the Shor code,an error-correcting code devised by Peter Shor,it becomes feasible to detect and rectify errors that may arise during quantum computations.The Shor code detects and corrects both bit-flip and phase-flip errors,greatly enhancing the robustness of quantum information systems.This research offers insights into the multifaceted utility of MZI(Mach-Zehnder interferometer)and its relevance in the advancement of quantum technology.By integrating QEC with the capabilities of MZI,this study offers a holistic approach to advancing the precision and reliability of quantum technologies.展开更多
基金support the findings of this study are openly available in(Scopus database)at www.scopus.com(accessed on 07 January 2025).
文摘“Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs)”,which use“Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)”,are developing as a critical mechanism for numerous applications,such as military operations and civilian services.The dynamic nature of FANETs,with high mobility,quick node migration,and frequent topology changes,presents substantial hurdles for routing protocol development.Over the preceding few years,researchers have found that machine learning gives productive solutions in routing while preserving the nature of FANET,which is topology change and high mobility.This paper reviews current research on routing protocols and Machine Learning(ML)approaches applied to FANETs,emphasizing developments between 2021 and 2023.The research uses the PRISMA approach to sift through the literature,filtering results from the SCOPUS database to find 82 relevant publications.The research study uses machine learning-based routing algorithms to beat the issues of high mobility,dynamic topologies,and intermittent connection in FANETs.When compared with conventional routing,it gives an energy-efficient and fast decision-making solution in a real-time environment,with greater fault tolerance capabilities.These protocols aim to increase routing efficiency,flexibility,and network stability using ML’s predictive and adaptive capabilities.This comprehensive review seeks to integrate existing information,offer novel integration approaches,and recommend future research topics for improving routing efficiency and flexibility in FANETs.Moreover,the study highlights emerging trends in ML integration,discusses challenges faced during the review,and discusses overcoming these hurdles in future research.
文摘The present study delves into the application of investigating quantum state behaviour,particularly focusing on coherent and superposition states.These states,characterized by their remarkable stability and precision,have found extensive utility in various domains of quantum mechanics and quantum information processing.Coherent states are valuable for manipulating quantum systems with accuracy.Superposition states allow quantum systems to exist in numerous configurations at the same time,which paves the way for quantum computing’s capacity for parallel processing.The research accentuates the crucial role of quantum error correction(QEC)in ensuring the stability and reliability of quantum information processing systems.Quantum systems are prone to errors from decoherence and environmental noise,making QEC essential for ensuring accurate results by employing the Shor code,an error-correcting code devised by Peter Shor,it becomes feasible to detect and rectify errors that may arise during quantum computations.The Shor code detects and corrects both bit-flip and phase-flip errors,greatly enhancing the robustness of quantum information systems.This research offers insights into the multifaceted utility of MZI(Mach-Zehnder interferometer)and its relevance in the advancement of quantum technology.By integrating QEC with the capabilities of MZI,this study offers a holistic approach to advancing the precision and reliability of quantum technologies.
