Many animal species show considerable intraspecific phenotypic variation.For species with broad distributions,this variation may result from heterogeneity in the strength and agents of selection across environments an...Many animal species show considerable intraspecific phenotypic variation.For species with broad distributions,this variation may result from heterogeneity in the strength and agents of selection across environments and could contribute to reproductive isolation among populations.Here,we examined interpopulation variation in a morphological trait related to chemical communication,femoral pore number(FP),using 3437 individuals from 55 Pyrenean populations of the common wall lizard(Podarcis muralis).Specifically,we tested the relative roles of genetic relatedness and gene flow,and adaptation to local conditions in generating this variation,with particular interest in the influence of climate and the socio-sexual environment(i.e.,the intensity of sexual selection,estimated using sexual size dimorphism[SSD]and adult sex ratio as proxy measures).We found significant interpopulation variation and sexual dimorphism in FP,as well as high genomic differentiation among populations driven by both geographic and environmental distances.Specifically,FP differences across populations were best predicted by a combination of positive allometry and the local intensity of sexual selection,as determined by SSD,or local climatic conditions.Higher FP in more male-competitive environments,or with higher temperature and vegetation complexity,is consistent with adaptation to maintaining signaling efficacy of territorial scent marks.These results suggest that adaptation to local conditions contributes to interpopulation divergence in FP and thus environmental changes can potentially impact the fine-tuning of chemical communication mediating social and sexual behavior.展开更多
Color polymorphisms have become a major topic in evolutionary biology and substantial efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for originating such colorful systems.Within-morph con...Color polymorphisms have become a major topic in evolutionary biology and substantial efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for originating such colorful systems.Within-morph continuous variation,on the other hand,has been neglected in most of the studies.Here,we combine spectrophotometric/visual modeling and genetic data to study the mechanisms promoting continuous variation within categorical color morphs of Podarcis muralis.Our results suggest that intra-morph variability in the pterin-based orange morph is greater compared to white and yellow morphs.We also show that continuous variation within the orange morph is partially discriminable by conspecifics.Genotyping results indicate that allelic variants at the BCO2 locus(responsible for deposition of yellow carotenoids)contribute to generate continuous variation in orange individuals.However,other intrinsic and/or extrinsic mechanisms,such as body size,might be involved,opening a new avenue for future research on the drivers of continuous variation within-morphs.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(PID2019-104721GB-IOO)the Generalitat Valenciana(AICO/2021/113)to E.F.and G.P.L.+3 种基金Projetos de Desenvolvimento e Implementao de Infraestruturas de Investigao,RNIE,Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2020(02/SAICT/2017)to G.P.L.supported by a fellowship(ref:CIAPOS/2021/111)from the Consellería de Innovación,Universidades,Ciencia y Sociedad Digital of the Generalitat Valencianaco-financed by the European Social Fund(ESF)supported by FCT through a PhD grant(2021.05611.BD)。
文摘Many animal species show considerable intraspecific phenotypic variation.For species with broad distributions,this variation may result from heterogeneity in the strength and agents of selection across environments and could contribute to reproductive isolation among populations.Here,we examined interpopulation variation in a morphological trait related to chemical communication,femoral pore number(FP),using 3437 individuals from 55 Pyrenean populations of the common wall lizard(Podarcis muralis).Specifically,we tested the relative roles of genetic relatedness and gene flow,and adaptation to local conditions in generating this variation,with particular interest in the influence of climate and the socio-sexual environment(i.e.,the intensity of sexual selection,estimated using sexual size dimorphism[SSD]and adult sex ratio as proxy measures).We found significant interpopulation variation and sexual dimorphism in FP,as well as high genomic differentiation among populations driven by both geographic and environmental distances.Specifically,FP differences across populations were best predicted by a combination of positive allometry and the local intensity of sexual selection,as determined by SSD,or local climatic conditions.Higher FP in more male-competitive environments,or with higher temperature and vegetation complexity,is consistent with adaptation to maintaining signaling efficacy of territorial scent marks.These results suggest that adaptation to local conditions contributes to interpopulation divergence in FP and thus environmental changes can potentially impact the fine-tuning of chemical communication mediating social and sexual behavior.
基金supported by post-doctoral grants Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación,IJC2018-035319-I(from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Inovación y Universidades)SFRH/BPD/94582/2013 by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the Programa Operacional Potencial Humano-Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional,funds from the European Social Fund and Portuguese Ministério da Educação e Ciência+3 种基金P.Andrade was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT)through a research contract in the scope of project PTDC/BIA-EVL/28621/2017P.Aguilar was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT)through a technician contract in the scope of project PTDC/BIA-EVL/30288/2017-NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-30288funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the FCT project PTDC/BIA-EVL/30288/2017-NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-30288by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the project PID2019-104721GB-I00.
文摘Color polymorphisms have become a major topic in evolutionary biology and substantial efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for originating such colorful systems.Within-morph continuous variation,on the other hand,has been neglected in most of the studies.Here,we combine spectrophotometric/visual modeling and genetic data to study the mechanisms promoting continuous variation within categorical color morphs of Podarcis muralis.Our results suggest that intra-morph variability in the pterin-based orange morph is greater compared to white and yellow morphs.We also show that continuous variation within the orange morph is partially discriminable by conspecifics.Genotyping results indicate that allelic variants at the BCO2 locus(responsible for deposition of yellow carotenoids)contribute to generate continuous variation in orange individuals.However,other intrinsic and/or extrinsic mechanisms,such as body size,might be involved,opening a new avenue for future research on the drivers of continuous variation within-morphs.
