Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various anti...Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.展开更多
The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed tha...The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,cholesterol esterase inhibitory,and antilipase effects.An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats.The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal.Levels of lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine,C-reactive protein,and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group.A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups.Twelve phenolic compounds,i.e.rosamarinic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid etc.,were quantified in CP.This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP,which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia,associated oxidative stress,and cardiac complications.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections have posed a problematic healthcare situation worldwide since December 2019.Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk and severity of ...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections have posed a problematic healthcare situation worldwide since December 2019.Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).While interacting with various other risk factors,high blood sugar was found to reduce immunity and increase the replication of SARS�CoV-2.Oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are greater in diabetic individuals than in healthy people,worsening the outcome of SARS�CoV-2 infection in diabetics.Increased expression of furin and angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE-2)receptor in the hyperglycemic environment may promote the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the host cell.COVID-19 infection primarily modulates immune and inflammatory responses,and may cause a cytokine storm,resulting in possible lethal outcomes in diabetics.An experimental report suggests that ACE expressed in the pancreas and the SARS-CoV-2 virus invariably destroyβ-cells which contain ACE-2 receptors and results in acute diabetes.Moreover,COVID-19 also causes hyperglycemia in an individual with diabetes which may be related to insulin resistance and destruction ofβ-cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Early observations also suggest a correlation between oral hypoglycemic agents and the risk of COVID-19.This review focused on the possible cause and mechanism involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetics and the role of antidiabetic drugs in COVID-19.展开更多
Natural polysaccharides,the biomacromolecules enormously available in several sources and pretended numerous therapeutical activities.In this review,we have extensively studied the literature on natural poly-saccharid...Natural polysaccharides,the biomacromolecules enormously available in several sources and pretended numerous therapeutical activities.In this review,we have extensively studied the literature on natural poly-saccharides that exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.Currently,numerous synthetic drugs have been used to treat inflammation but they produce various side effects,toxic effects and adverse reactions in body.Natural polysaccharides have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by controlling/regulating a wide range of in-flammatory markers,including TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-1β,NO,iNOS,COX-2,IFN-γ,IL-18,IL-12,PGE2,TGF-β1,and IL-4.In addition,these polysaccharides also exert their effects through modulation of key signalling pathways,such as TLR4,NF-κB,p38,MAPK,STAT,IκBα,ERK,Nrf2,and JNK with high safety,and low toxicity in preclinical studies.The monosaccharides such as rhamnose,galactose,glucuronic acid,arabinose,glucose,xylose,mannose,galacturonic acid,fucose were abundantly exist in polysaccharides to assert the antiinflammatory activity.Therefore,there is a need of generating a report on natural polysaccharides that asser-ted significant anti-inflammatory activity,and this review specially focus to profile the various sources of polysaccharides,molecular weights,chain linkages and monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides,and role of polysaccharides in regulating molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation.展开更多
文摘Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.
基金The authors acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.of India,for funding(Grant No.DBT-NER/AGRI/29/2015).
文摘The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,cholesterol esterase inhibitory,and antilipase effects.An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats.The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal.Levels of lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine,C-reactive protein,and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group.A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups.Twelve phenolic compounds,i.e.rosamarinic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid etc.,were quantified in CP.This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP,which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia,associated oxidative stress,and cardiac complications.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections have posed a problematic healthcare situation worldwide since December 2019.Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).While interacting with various other risk factors,high blood sugar was found to reduce immunity and increase the replication of SARS�CoV-2.Oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are greater in diabetic individuals than in healthy people,worsening the outcome of SARS�CoV-2 infection in diabetics.Increased expression of furin and angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE-2)receptor in the hyperglycemic environment may promote the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the host cell.COVID-19 infection primarily modulates immune and inflammatory responses,and may cause a cytokine storm,resulting in possible lethal outcomes in diabetics.An experimental report suggests that ACE expressed in the pancreas and the SARS-CoV-2 virus invariably destroyβ-cells which contain ACE-2 receptors and results in acute diabetes.Moreover,COVID-19 also causes hyperglycemia in an individual with diabetes which may be related to insulin resistance and destruction ofβ-cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Early observations also suggest a correlation between oral hypoglycemic agents and the risk of COVID-19.This review focused on the possible cause and mechanism involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetics and the role of antidiabetic drugs in COVID-19.
文摘Natural polysaccharides,the biomacromolecules enormously available in several sources and pretended numerous therapeutical activities.In this review,we have extensively studied the literature on natural poly-saccharides that exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.Currently,numerous synthetic drugs have been used to treat inflammation but they produce various side effects,toxic effects and adverse reactions in body.Natural polysaccharides have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by controlling/regulating a wide range of in-flammatory markers,including TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-1β,NO,iNOS,COX-2,IFN-γ,IL-18,IL-12,PGE2,TGF-β1,and IL-4.In addition,these polysaccharides also exert their effects through modulation of key signalling pathways,such as TLR4,NF-κB,p38,MAPK,STAT,IκBα,ERK,Nrf2,and JNK with high safety,and low toxicity in preclinical studies.The monosaccharides such as rhamnose,galactose,glucuronic acid,arabinose,glucose,xylose,mannose,galacturonic acid,fucose were abundantly exist in polysaccharides to assert the antiinflammatory activity.Therefore,there is a need of generating a report on natural polysaccharides that asser-ted significant anti-inflammatory activity,and this review specially focus to profile the various sources of polysaccharides,molecular weights,chain linkages and monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides,and role of polysaccharides in regulating molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation.
