BACKGROUND Childhood malnutrition contributes over half of the childhood mortality around the world,predominantly in South-Asian and sub-Saharan countries.AIM To summarize the childhood malnutrition epidemiology along...BACKGROUND Childhood malnutrition contributes over half of the childhood mortality around the world,predominantly in South-Asian and sub-Saharan countries.AIM To summarize the childhood malnutrition epidemiology along with the comorbid factors associated with it and its management within the community.METHODS The data collection process involved conducting a comprehensive search using specific keywords such as child nutrition disorders and India with Boolean operators.The search was conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases.RESULTS Inadequate energy consumption initiates pathological alterations in the form of growth retardation,fat,visceral,and muscle loss,a reduction in basal metabolic rate,and a significant reduction in total energy expenditure.It has become evident that malnutrition shows an increased prevalence and incidence rate,despite available guidelines for the management of malnutrition.CONCLUSION Malnutrition can be a major player in the establishment of severe infections that result in significant post discharge mortalities in children.Future trials are required to fill the prime gaps in knowledge regarding the identification of other contributory factors in the pathogenesis of malnutrition and postdischarge infection.New biomarkers for early detection of malnutrition should be the priority of the scientific community for the early management of malnutrition.展开更多
The present article deals with filtration of seawater to remove sodium chloride(NaCl)using filter made from organized structures of carbon nanotubes(CNTs).The filter consists of hollow carbon cylinder(length~10 cm,dia...The present article deals with filtration of seawater to remove sodium chloride(NaCl)using filter made from organized structures of carbon nanotubes(CNTs).The filter consists of hollow carbon cylinder(length~10 cm,diameter~1 cm),which is composed of radially aligned CNTs.This carbon hollow cylinder has been synthesized by continuous spray pyrolysis of ferrocene–benzene solution in argon atmosphere.The hollow cylinder has been turned into a water filter by closing one end and keeping a small funnel at the other.Filtration of seawater(Marina Beach,Chennai,India)has been obtained both under the self pressure of seawater column in the hollow cylinder and under the difference of pressure created by enclosing the filter in a vacuum tight container.It has been found that the efficiency of filtration is about two times higher under partial vacuum(~10–2 torr)created on the filtrate(water)side.After filtration of seawater,a deposit in the inner surface of hollow cylinder has been found.This deposit has been characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis,and it has been found that the deposit was NaCl.The filtration leads to almost complete removal of NaCl from the seawater.展开更多
The emergence of novel systemic therapies has spurred a dramatic paradigm shift in lung cancer treatment.Research has revealed greater intracranial efficacy in targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)comp...The emergence of novel systemic therapies has spurred a dramatic paradigm shift in lung cancer treatment.Research has revealed greater intracranial efficacy in targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)compared to conventional chemotherapy.Concurrently,advances in stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)have contributed to the increased use of this highly localized,minimally-invasive treatment modality for local tumor control.In this era of precision medicine,the combination of these novel agents and SRS demands further prospective exploration-particularly as questions regarding their sequence of administration and the risk of neurotoxicity remain unanswered.Presently,although data are limited and largely retrospective,literature supports the concurrent administration of ICI and radiation,with no observed increases in immune-related adverse events or acute neurologic toxicities.In the case of patients with driver mutations,newer generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI)display improved intracranial efficacy and are currently preferred alone upfront in patients with asymptomatic brain metastases(BM)due to lack of data.Evidence of combining TKI and SRS is limited with mixed results.In this review,we explore the evidence regarding the use of novel systemic agents and SRS for treatment of lung cancer BM.Clinical practice will continue to be refined as larger,prospective studies yield results.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood malnutrition contributes over half of the childhood mortality around the world,predominantly in South-Asian and sub-Saharan countries.AIM To summarize the childhood malnutrition epidemiology along with the comorbid factors associated with it and its management within the community.METHODS The data collection process involved conducting a comprehensive search using specific keywords such as child nutrition disorders and India with Boolean operators.The search was conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases.RESULTS Inadequate energy consumption initiates pathological alterations in the form of growth retardation,fat,visceral,and muscle loss,a reduction in basal metabolic rate,and a significant reduction in total energy expenditure.It has become evident that malnutrition shows an increased prevalence and incidence rate,despite available guidelines for the management of malnutrition.CONCLUSION Malnutrition can be a major player in the establishment of severe infections that result in significant post discharge mortalities in children.Future trials are required to fill the prime gaps in knowledge regarding the identification of other contributory factors in the pathogenesis of malnutrition and postdischarge infection.New biomarkers for early detection of malnutrition should be the priority of the scientific community for the early management of malnutrition.
基金grateful to the Department of Science and Technology(DST),Nano Science Mission scheme and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE)India for financial support.
文摘The present article deals with filtration of seawater to remove sodium chloride(NaCl)using filter made from organized structures of carbon nanotubes(CNTs).The filter consists of hollow carbon cylinder(length~10 cm,diameter~1 cm),which is composed of radially aligned CNTs.This carbon hollow cylinder has been synthesized by continuous spray pyrolysis of ferrocene–benzene solution in argon atmosphere.The hollow cylinder has been turned into a water filter by closing one end and keeping a small funnel at the other.Filtration of seawater(Marina Beach,Chennai,India)has been obtained both under the self pressure of seawater column in the hollow cylinder and under the difference of pressure created by enclosing the filter in a vacuum tight container.It has been found that the efficiency of filtration is about two times higher under partial vacuum(~10–2 torr)created on the filtrate(water)side.After filtration of seawater,a deposit in the inner surface of hollow cylinder has been found.This deposit has been characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis,and it has been found that the deposit was NaCl.The filtration leads to almost complete removal of NaCl from the seawater.
文摘The emergence of novel systemic therapies has spurred a dramatic paradigm shift in lung cancer treatment.Research has revealed greater intracranial efficacy in targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)compared to conventional chemotherapy.Concurrently,advances in stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)have contributed to the increased use of this highly localized,minimally-invasive treatment modality for local tumor control.In this era of precision medicine,the combination of these novel agents and SRS demands further prospective exploration-particularly as questions regarding their sequence of administration and the risk of neurotoxicity remain unanswered.Presently,although data are limited and largely retrospective,literature supports the concurrent administration of ICI and radiation,with no observed increases in immune-related adverse events or acute neurologic toxicities.In the case of patients with driver mutations,newer generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI)display improved intracranial efficacy and are currently preferred alone upfront in patients with asymptomatic brain metastases(BM)due to lack of data.Evidence of combining TKI and SRS is limited with mixed results.In this review,we explore the evidence regarding the use of novel systemic agents and SRS for treatment of lung cancer BM.Clinical practice will continue to be refined as larger,prospective studies yield results.
