Climate change is a major global environmental and developmental challenge and climate proofing of vulnerable sectors, programmes, natural systems and communities by integrating adaptation and mitigation options into ...Climate change is a major global environmental and developmental challenge and climate proofing of vulnerable sectors, programmes, natural systems and communities by integrating adaptation and mitigation options into planning process are increasingly becoming an integral part of development. The basic premises on which this could happen are the national and sectoral policies that govern any programmes and actions implemented on ground. This study reviews existing policies, plans and programmes and their implications for climate change. Based on the analyses, key areas of research, policy initiatives and institutional and capacity development needs have been identified, to facilitate climate change adaptation. The forest policies formulated so far in India have been broadly aimed at conservation, reduction of pressure on forests and provisioning of biomass to the large forest dependent population for their fuel and fodder needs apart from generating revenue through production and sale of timber. However, these have not been formulated with climate change as a consideration and therefore may become less effective as climate change and its impacts become increasingly evident. The study clearly identifies that the current policies and programmes have elements/features and activities that directly or indirectly contribute positively towards adaptation, although the primary implications are towards biodiversity and to some extent ecosystem functioning. It finally highlights the need for incorporating climate change concerns in forest sector development programmes and also to address the issue of climate change.展开更多
Background:Abnormalities of cortical thickness(CTh)in patients with their first episode psychosis(FEP)have been frequently reported,but findings are inconsistent.Objective:To define the most consistent CTh changes in ...Background:Abnormalities of cortical thickness(CTh)in patients with their first episode psychosis(FEP)have been frequently reported,but findings are inconsistent.Objective:To define the most consistent CTh changes in patients with FEP by meta-analysis of publishedwholebrain studies.Methods:The meta-analysis used seed-based dmapping(SDM)software to obtain the most prominent regional CTh changes in FEP,and meta-regression analyses to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics.The meta-analysis results were verified in an independent sample of 142 FEP patients and 142 age-and sex-matched healthy controls(HCs),using both a vertex-wise and a region of interest analysis,with multiple comparisons correction.Results:The meta-analysis identified lower CTh in the rightmiddle temporal cortex(MTC)extending to superior temporal cortex(STC),insula,and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)in FEP compared with HCs.No significant correlations were identified between CTh alterations and demographic or clinical variables.These results were replicated in the independent dataset analysis.Conclusion:This study identifies a robust pattern of cortical abnormalities in FEP and extends understanding of gray matter abnormalities and pathological mechanisms in FEP.展开更多
文摘Climate change is a major global environmental and developmental challenge and climate proofing of vulnerable sectors, programmes, natural systems and communities by integrating adaptation and mitigation options into planning process are increasingly becoming an integral part of development. The basic premises on which this could happen are the national and sectoral policies that govern any programmes and actions implemented on ground. This study reviews existing policies, plans and programmes and their implications for climate change. Based on the analyses, key areas of research, policy initiatives and institutional and capacity development needs have been identified, to facilitate climate change adaptation. The forest policies formulated so far in India have been broadly aimed at conservation, reduction of pressure on forests and provisioning of biomass to the large forest dependent population for their fuel and fodder needs apart from generating revenue through production and sale of timber. However, these have not been formulated with climate change as a consideration and therefore may become less effective as climate change and its impacts become increasingly evident. The study clearly identifies that the current policies and programmes have elements/features and activities that directly or indirectly contribute positively towards adaptation, although the primary implications are towards biodiversity and to some extent ecosystem functioning. It finally highlights the need for incorporating climate change concerns in forest sector development programmes and also to address the issue of climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos 81621003,81761128023,81820108018,82027808,and 82001795)NIH/NIMH R01MH112189-01,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M673245)+3 种基金Post-Doctor Research Project of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(2021HXBH025)US-China joint grant(grant nos NSFC81761128023)Instituto de Salud Carlos III/European Union(ERDF/ESF,‘Investing in your future’:CPII19/00009 and PI19/00394)the project SLT006/17/00357,from PERIS 2016-2020(Departament de Salut),CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
文摘Background:Abnormalities of cortical thickness(CTh)in patients with their first episode psychosis(FEP)have been frequently reported,but findings are inconsistent.Objective:To define the most consistent CTh changes in patients with FEP by meta-analysis of publishedwholebrain studies.Methods:The meta-analysis used seed-based dmapping(SDM)software to obtain the most prominent regional CTh changes in FEP,and meta-regression analyses to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics.The meta-analysis results were verified in an independent sample of 142 FEP patients and 142 age-and sex-matched healthy controls(HCs),using both a vertex-wise and a region of interest analysis,with multiple comparisons correction.Results:The meta-analysis identified lower CTh in the rightmiddle temporal cortex(MTC)extending to superior temporal cortex(STC),insula,and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)in FEP compared with HCs.No significant correlations were identified between CTh alterations and demographic or clinical variables.These results were replicated in the independent dataset analysis.Conclusion:This study identifies a robust pattern of cortical abnormalities in FEP and extends understanding of gray matter abnormalities and pathological mechanisms in FEP.
