Currently,18F-FDG coincidence SPECT(Co-SPECT)/CT scan still serves as an important tool for diagnosis,staging,and evaluation of cancer treatment in developing countries.We implemented full physical corrections(FPC) to...Currently,18F-FDG coincidence SPECT(Co-SPECT)/CT scan still serves as an important tool for diagnosis,staging,and evaluation of cancer treatment in developing countries.We implemented full physical corrections(FPC) to Co-SPECT(quantitative Co-SPECT) to improve the image resolution and contrast along with the capability for image quantitation.FPC included attenuation,scatter,resolution recovery,and noise reduction.A standard NEMA phantom filled with 10:1 F-18 activity concentration ratio in spheres and background was utilized to evaluate image performance.Subsequently,15 patients with histologically confirmed thoracic carcinomas were included to undergo a 18 F-FDG Co-SPECT/CT scan followed by a 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan.Functional parameters as SUVmax,SUVmean,SULpeak,and MTV from both quantitative Co-SPECT and PET were analyzed.Image resolution of Co-SPECT for NEMA phantom was improved to reveal the smallest sphere from a diameter of 28 mm to 22 mm(17 mm for PET).The image contrast was enhanced from 1.7 to 6.32(6.69 for PET) with slightly degraded uniformity in background(3.1% vs.6.7%)(5.6% for PET).Patients’ SUVmax,SUVmean,SULpeak,and MTV measured from quantitative Co-SPECT were overall highly correlated with those from PET(r=0.82-0.88).Adjustment of the threshold of SUVmax and SUV to determine SUVmean and MTV did not further change the correlations with PET(r=0.81-0.88).Adding full physical corrections to Co-SPECT images can significantly improve image resolution and contrast to reveal smaller tumor lesions along with the capability to quantify functional parameters like PET/CT.展开更多
Multi-enzyme complexes are the results of natural evolution to facilitate cascade biocatalysis.Through enzyme colocalization within a complex,the transfer efficiency of reaction intermediates between adjacent cascade ...Multi-enzyme complexes are the results of natural evolution to facilitate cascade biocatalysis.Through enzyme colocalization within a complex,the transfer efficiency of reaction intermediates between adjacent cascade enzymes can be promoted,resulting in enhanced overall reaction efficiency.Inspired by nature,a variety of approaches have been developed for the assembly of artificial multi-enzyme complexes with different spatial organizations,aiming at improving the catalytic efficiency of enzyme cascade.A recent trend of this research area is the creation of enzyme complexes with a controllable spatial organization which helps with the mechanistic studies and bears the potential to further increase metabolic productivity.In this review,we summarize versatile strategies for the assembly of artificial multi-enzyme complexes,followed by an inspection of the mechanistic studies of artificial multi-enzyme complexes for their enhancement of catalytic efficiency.Furthermore,we provide some highlighted in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro examples that demonstrate the ability of artificial multi-enzyme complexes for enhancing the overall production efficiency of value-added compounds.Recent research progress has revealed the great biotechnological potential of artificial multi-enzyme complexes as a powerful tool for biomanufacturing.展开更多
Electrochemically engineered titania(TiO_(2))nanopores enable tailored cellular function;however,the cellular mechanosensing mechanisms dictating the cell response and soft tissue integration are yet to be elucidated....Electrochemically engineered titania(TiO_(2))nanopores enable tailored cellular function;however,the cellular mechanosensing mechanisms dictating the cell response and soft tissue integration are yet to be elucidated.Here,we report the fabrication of anisotropic TiO_(2)nanopores with diameters of 46 and 66 nm on microrough titanium(Ti)via electrochemical anodization,towards short-and long-term guidance of human primary gingival fibroblasts(hGFs).Cells on tissue culture plates and bare Ti substrates were used as controls.Notably,we show that nanopores with a diameter of 66 nm induced more mature focal adhesions of vinculin and paxillin at the membrane,encouraged the development of actin fibers at focal adhesion sites,led to elongated cell and nuclear shape.These topographical-driven changes were attributed to the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac 1)GTPase pathway and nuclear localisation of LAMIN A/C and yes-associated protein(YAP)and associated with increased ligament differentiation with elevated expression of the ligament marker Mohawk homeobox(MKX).Study findings reveal that minor tuning of nanopore diameter is a powerful tool to explore intracellular and nuclear mechanotransduction and gain insight into the relationships between nanomaterials and mechanoresponsive cellular elements.展开更多
Although most in vitro(cell-free)synthetic biology projects are usually used for the purposes of fundamental research or the formation of high-value products,in vitro synthetic biology platform,which can implement com...Although most in vitro(cell-free)synthetic biology projects are usually used for the purposes of fundamental research or the formation of high-value products,in vitro synthetic biology platform,which can implement complicated biochemical reactions by the in vitro assembly of numerous enzymes and coenzymes,has been proposed for low-cost biomanufacturing of bioenergy,food,biochemicals,and nutraceuticals.In addition to the most important advantage-high product yield,in vitro synthetic biology platform features several other biomanufacturing advantages,such as fast reaction rate,easy product separation,open process control,broad reaction condition,tolerance to toxic substrates or products,and so on.In this article,we present the basic bottom-up design principles of in vitro synthetic pathway from basic building blocks-BioBricks(thermoenzymes and/or immobilized enzymes)to building modules(e.g.,enzyme complexes or multiple enzymes as a module)with specific functions.With development in thermostable building blocks-BioBricks and modules,the in vitro synthetic biology platform would open a new biomanufacturing age for the cost-competitive production of biocommodities.展开更多
基金supported by the internal research grant from China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing,China(Grant No.2016-1QN-9)。
文摘Currently,18F-FDG coincidence SPECT(Co-SPECT)/CT scan still serves as an important tool for diagnosis,staging,and evaluation of cancer treatment in developing countries.We implemented full physical corrections(FPC) to Co-SPECT(quantitative Co-SPECT) to improve the image resolution and contrast along with the capability for image quantitation.FPC included attenuation,scatter,resolution recovery,and noise reduction.A standard NEMA phantom filled with 10:1 F-18 activity concentration ratio in spheres and background was utilized to evaluate image performance.Subsequently,15 patients with histologically confirmed thoracic carcinomas were included to undergo a 18 F-FDG Co-SPECT/CT scan followed by a 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan.Functional parameters as SUVmax,SUVmean,SULpeak,and MTV from both quantitative Co-SPECT and PET were analyzed.Image resolution of Co-SPECT for NEMA phantom was improved to reveal the smallest sphere from a diameter of 28 mm to 22 mm(17 mm for PET).The image contrast was enhanced from 1.7 to 6.32(6.69 for PET) with slightly degraded uniformity in background(3.1% vs.6.7%)(5.6% for PET).Patients’ SUVmax,SUVmean,SULpeak,and MTV measured from quantitative Co-SPECT were overall highly correlated with those from PET(r=0.82-0.88).Adjustment of the threshold of SUVmax and SUV to determine SUVmean and MTV did not further change the correlations with PET(r=0.81-0.88).Adding full physical corrections to Co-SPECT images can significantly improve image resolution and contrast to reveal smaller tumor lesions along with the capability to quantify functional parameters like PET/CT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21778073)。
文摘Multi-enzyme complexes are the results of natural evolution to facilitate cascade biocatalysis.Through enzyme colocalization within a complex,the transfer efficiency of reaction intermediates between adjacent cascade enzymes can be promoted,resulting in enhanced overall reaction efficiency.Inspired by nature,a variety of approaches have been developed for the assembly of artificial multi-enzyme complexes with different spatial organizations,aiming at improving the catalytic efficiency of enzyme cascade.A recent trend of this research area is the creation of enzyme complexes with a controllable spatial organization which helps with the mechanistic studies and bears the potential to further increase metabolic productivity.In this review,we summarize versatile strategies for the assembly of artificial multi-enzyme complexes,followed by an inspection of the mechanistic studies of artificial multi-enzyme complexes for their enhancement of catalytic efficiency.Furthermore,we provide some highlighted in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro examples that demonstrate the ability of artificial multi-enzyme complexes for enhancing the overall production efficiency of value-added compounds.Recent research progress has revealed the great biotechnological potential of artificial multi-enzyme complexes as a powerful tool for biomanufacturing.
基金T.G.and A.J.are supported by the University of Queensland Graduate School Scholarships(UQGSS).K.G.is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Early Career Fellowship(No.APP1140699).
文摘Electrochemically engineered titania(TiO_(2))nanopores enable tailored cellular function;however,the cellular mechanosensing mechanisms dictating the cell response and soft tissue integration are yet to be elucidated.Here,we report the fabrication of anisotropic TiO_(2)nanopores with diameters of 46 and 66 nm on microrough titanium(Ti)via electrochemical anodization,towards short-and long-term guidance of human primary gingival fibroblasts(hGFs).Cells on tissue culture plates and bare Ti substrates were used as controls.Notably,we show that nanopores with a diameter of 66 nm induced more mature focal adhesions of vinculin and paxillin at the membrane,encouraged the development of actin fibers at focal adhesion sites,led to elongated cell and nuclear shape.These topographical-driven changes were attributed to the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac 1)GTPase pathway and nuclear localisation of LAMIN A/C and yes-associated protein(YAP)and associated with increased ligament differentiation with elevated expression of the ligament marker Mohawk homeobox(MKX).Study findings reveal that minor tuning of nanopore diameter is a powerful tool to explore intracellular and nuclear mechanotransduction and gain insight into the relationships between nanomaterials and mechanoresponsive cellular elements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31700033)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-ZS-2016-3).
文摘Although most in vitro(cell-free)synthetic biology projects are usually used for the purposes of fundamental research or the formation of high-value products,in vitro synthetic biology platform,which can implement complicated biochemical reactions by the in vitro assembly of numerous enzymes and coenzymes,has been proposed for low-cost biomanufacturing of bioenergy,food,biochemicals,and nutraceuticals.In addition to the most important advantage-high product yield,in vitro synthetic biology platform features several other biomanufacturing advantages,such as fast reaction rate,easy product separation,open process control,broad reaction condition,tolerance to toxic substrates or products,and so on.In this article,we present the basic bottom-up design principles of in vitro synthetic pathway from basic building blocks-BioBricks(thermoenzymes and/or immobilized enzymes)to building modules(e.g.,enzyme complexes or multiple enzymes as a module)with specific functions.With development in thermostable building blocks-BioBricks and modules,the in vitro synthetic biology platform would open a new biomanufacturing age for the cost-competitive production of biocommodities.
