BACKGROUND Metastasis of breast cancer usually affects the lungs,bones,liver,and brain.It rarely spreads to the gastrointestinal tract,and cases with similar endoscopic manifestations are even rarer.Herein,we report a...BACKGROUND Metastasis of breast cancer usually affects the lungs,bones,liver,and brain.It rarely spreads to the gastrointestinal tract,and cases with similar endoscopic manifestations are even rarer.Herein,we report a 52-year-old woman presenting with metastatic lobular carcinoma involving the gastrointestinal tract four years following a left mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy for lobular carcinoma of the breast.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a history of invasive lobular carcinoma and experienced metastasis of breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract.The patient underwent a left mastectomy and tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR),negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and E-cadherin.She did not experience any local or distant recurrences for four years following the mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy.However,the patient complained of upper abdominal discomfort and was transferred to our hospital.The endoscopic examination revealed multiple crater-like ulcers scattered throughout the stomach,gastric antrum,and colorectum.Surprisingly,the histology of colorectum lesions was the same as that of gastric metastasis.Gastric tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3(GATA3),PR,and ER,negative for HER2.The colorectum tumor cells were positive for GATA3 and ER and negative for cytokeratin 20.Based on the results of immunohistological examination,a final diagnosis of gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer was established.CONCLUSION Distinguishing metastatic breast cancer from primary gastrointestinal lesions is crucial for initiating the correct treatment and enhancing the quality of life for patients.展开更多
The silver-lipped pearl oyster(Pinctada maxima)is the largest and most commercially valuable pearl-producing oyster,renowned for its ability to generate large,lustrous pearls.This species is a sequential hermaphrodite...The silver-lipped pearl oyster(Pinctada maxima)is the largest and most commercially valuable pearl-producing oyster,renowned for its ability to generate large,lustrous pearls.This species is a sequential hermaphrodite,with pearl production displaying notable sexual dimorphism.Consequently,understanding the molecular mechanisms governing sex determination and differentiation is crucial for advancing breeding strategies in the pearl oyster industry.To elucidate these mechanisms,this study conducted integrative transcriptomic analyses of P.maxima gonadal tissues using isoform sequencing(Isoseq)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Comparative analysis of ovarian and testicular tissues identified 2768 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene coexpression network analysis delineated four key modules,including three sex-specific modules and one shared module.Key genes implicated in sex determination and maintenance were identified,including FOXL2,NANOS1,andβ-catenin,important for ovarian maintenance,and DMRT,SOX30,FEM1,and FOXJ1,crucial for testicular maintenance.These genes,widely studied in other taxa,were confirmed as hub genes in the sex-related modules of P.maxima.Interestingly,genes within the shared module were significantly enriched in the spliceosome pathway.Alternative splicing analysis highlighted its extensive role in gonadal tissues,with more pronounced activity observed in the testis compared to the ovary.Nearly half(47.83%,375)of the identified genes undergoing differential alternative splicing(DASGs)also exhibited differential transcript usage(DTUGs),while only 17%of DTUGs overlapped with DEGs.Genes associated with sex differentiation,such as DMRT,β-catenin,and U2AF2,displayed sex-specific and/or sex-biased isoforms.These findings offer novel insights into the molecular basis of sex differentiation in P.maxima,which could inform the development of targeted breeding strategies aimed at sex control,thereby enhancing pearl quality and yield in aquaculture.This study offers a robust molecular foundation for advancing breeding programs and optimizing production in the pearl oyster industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recurrence of primary choledocholithiasis commonly occurs after complete removal of stones by therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). The potential causes of the recurrence of chol...BACKGROUND Recurrence of primary choledocholithiasis commonly occurs after complete removal of stones by therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). The potential causes of the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ERCP are unclear.AIM To analyze the potential causes of the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ERCP.METHODS The ERCP database of our medical center for the period between January 2007 and January 2016 was retrospectively reviewed, and information regarding eligible patients who had choledocholithiasis recurrence was collected. A 1:1 case-control study was performed for this investigation. Data including general characteristics of the patients, past medical history, ERCP-related factors,common bile duct(CBD)-related factors, laboratory indicators, and treatment was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and KaplanMeier analysisly.RESULTS First recurrence of choledocholithiasis occurred in 477 patients; among these patients, the second and several instance(≥ 3 times) recurrence rates were 19.5%and 44.07%, respectively. The average time to first choledocholithiasis recurrence was 21.65 mo. A total of 477 patients who did not have recurrence were selected as a control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age > 65 years(odds ratio [OR] = 1.556; P = 0.018), combined history of choledocholithotomy(OR = 2.458; P < 0.01), endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(OR = 5.679; P = 0.000), endoscopic sphincterotomy(OR = 3.463; P = 0.000), CBD stent implantation(OR = 5.780; P = 0.000), multiple ERCP procedures(≥2; OR =2.75; P = 0.000), stones in the intrahepatic bile duct(OR = 2.308; P = 0.000),periampullary diverticula(OR = 1.627; P < 0.01), choledocholithiasis diameter ≥10 mm(OR = 1.599; P < 0.01), bile duct-duodenal fistula(OR = 2.69; P < 0.05),combined biliary tract infections(OR = 1.057; P < 0.01), and no preoperative antibiotic use(OR = 0.528; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ERCP.CONCLUSION Patient age greater than 65 years is an independent risk factor for the development of recurrent choledocholithiasis following ERCP, as is history of biliary surgeries, measures during ERCP, and prevention of postoperative complications.展开更多
Alloying elements, present in the aluminum solid solution or the precipitates, influence the corrosion resistance of A1-Mg-Mn-Zn alloys. In this study, sensi- tizing treatment was applied to an A1-Mg-Mn-Zn alloy to mo...Alloying elements, present in the aluminum solid solution or the precipitates, influence the corrosion resistance of A1-Mg-Mn-Zn alloys. In this study, sensi- tizing treatment was applied to an A1-Mg-Mn-Zn alloy to modify the precipitation at the grain boundaries or in the grains. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to characterize various second-phase particles and determine their orientation relationship with the A1 matrix. After sensitizing treatment, z-phase （Mg32（Al, Zn）49） is observed to precipitate along the grain boundaries in a coarser size, producing a discontinuous grain boundary precipitate structure. In addition, Mn-rich particles are found to form with various shapes, such as global, plate and rhombus.展开更多
AIM: To study the role of luteolin(LUT) in the expression of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) ligand poly I:C stimulated inflammatory factors in human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS: HCFs cells were cultivated with or w...AIM: To study the role of luteolin(LUT) in the expression of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) ligand poly I:C stimulated inflammatory factors in human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS: HCFs cells were cultivated with or without LUT or poly I:C.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunoblotting or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analyses.Immunoblotting was used to assess toll-interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β(TRIF), TLR3, transforming growth factor-bactivated kinase 1(TAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6), the transcription factor AP-1, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor(NF-κB)–inhibitory protein IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation.Immunofluorescence assays were used to localize the cellular location of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.RESULTS: Corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly I:C demonstrated decreased VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 expression levels upon exposure to LUT in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.LUT was observed to suppress poly I:C-triggered expression of TLR3, the translocation of NF-κB p65 into cell nuclei, as well as the phosphorylation of TAK, c-Jun, and IκB-α, while no impact on the expression levels of TRIF and TRAF6 were observed.CONCLUSION: LUT suppress the expression of proinflammatory adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines in poly I:C exposed HCFs.These effects are likely mediated through TAK/NF-κB signal attenuation.Therefore, LUT is a candidate molecule that can prevent the TLR3-mediated inflammation response associated with corneal viral infection.展开更多
The microstructure and nano-hardness of the pure copper and oxide dispersion-strengthened（ODS） copper alloy subjected to 1.4 Me V Au ions irradiation at room temperature were investigated. After irradiation, disloca...The microstructure and nano-hardness of the pure copper and oxide dispersion-strengthened（ODS） copper alloy subjected to 1.4 Me V Au ions irradiation at room temperature were investigated. After irradiation, dislocation-loops form in both materials, while voids can only be generated in the pure copper. Compared with the irradiated pure copper, larger average diameter and lower number density of irradiation-induced dislocation-loops were detected in the ODS copper alloy, revealing that high-density dislocation and large volume of Al2O3 particles existing in the ODS copper alloy can act as effective sinks for the irradiation-induced defects. It was also detected that irradiation hardening in the ODS copper alloy is lower than that in the pure copper. The microstructure and nano-hardness results reveal that the ODS copper alloy has a better irradiation tolerance than the pure copper. In addition, the average diameter of the Al2O3 particles in the ODS copper alloy decreases after irradiation, because the Al–O chemical bonds are decomposed and the atoms are redistributed in the matrix during the irradiation process. This work reveals that the irradiation tolerance of the copper can be effectively enhanced by adding nano-sized Al2O3 particles into the matrix.展开更多
AIM:To explore the effects of alarmins produced by necrotic human conjunctival fibroblasts on the release of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)by human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS:A necrotic cell supernatant(NHCS)w...AIM:To explore the effects of alarmins produced by necrotic human conjunctival fibroblasts on the release of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)by human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS:A necrotic cell supernatant(NHCS)was prepared by subjecting human conjunctival fibroblasts to three cycles of freezing and thawing.The amounts of interleukin(IL)-1βand tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin NHCS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.HCFs exposed to NHCS or other agents in culture were assayed for the release of MMPs as well as for intracellular signaling by immunoblot analysis.The abundance of MMP m RNAs in HCFs was examined by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.RESULTS:NHCS increased the release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by HCFs as well as the amounts of the corresponding m RNAs in the cells.NHCS also induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),p38,and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)as well as elicited that of the nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway by promoting phosphorylation of the endogenous NF-κB inhibitor IκB-α.Inhibitors of MAPK and NF-κB signaling as well as IL-1 and TNF-αreceptor antagonists attenuated the NHCS-induced release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by HCFs.Furthermore,IL-1βand TNF-αwere both detected in NHCS,and treatment of HCFs with these cytokines induced the release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION:Alarmins,including IL-1βand TNF-α,produced by necrotic human conjunctival fibroblasts triggered MMP release in HCFs through activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling.IL-1βand TNF-αare therefore potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of corneal stromal degradation in severe ocular burns.展开更多
BACKGROUND As immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have become widely used in lung cancer treatment,immune-related adverse events(irAEs)warrant sufficient attention.Checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(CIP)is one of ...BACKGROUND As immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have become widely used in lung cancer treatment,immune-related adverse events(irAEs)warrant sufficient attention.Checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(CIP)is one of the most concerning adverse events as it is uncommon but life threatening.CASE SUMMARY The patient whose case is reported here experienced three episodes of CIP in a span of 4 mon.Interestingly,the three episodes of CIP involved different regions of the lung separately.Taking these pneumonitis areas together makes nearly a whole lung area.CONCLUSION This case showed that recurrent CIPs may occur repeatedly until the whole lung is involved,suggesting that the follow-up period of CIP should be long enough,and the rechallenge of ICI should be done with due caution.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of sulforaphane(SFN) on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2 stimulated migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in ARPE-19 cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were cultured in the ...AIM: To investigate the effects of sulforaphane(SFN) on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2 stimulated migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in ARPE-19 cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of SFN or TGF-β2. SFN toxicity was assessed by performing a lactate dehydrogenase assay(LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium(MTS) assays, and cell migration was evaluated by Transwell migration assay. Actin stress fiber formation in ARPE-19 cells was determined using immunofluorescence analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was used to determine fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expressions along with the degree of Smad and Akt phosphorylation.RESULTS: SFN inhibited ARPE-19 migration. Additionally, SFN attenuated TGF-β2-induced appearance of actin stress fibers as well as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expressions in these cells. SFN also hindered the TGF-β2-stimulated phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, and Akt. SFN showed no cytotoxicity towards ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION: SFN inhibits TGF-β2-stimulated migration and EMT in ARPE-19 cells, probably by preventing the establishment of actin stress fibers and Akt and Smad2/3 signaling.展开更多
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, Pm-, Sm-and Eu-doped β-graphyne are investigated by comprehensive ab initio calculation based on density functional theory. The adsorption energie...Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, Pm-, Sm-and Eu-doped β-graphyne are investigated by comprehensive ab initio calculation based on density functional theory. The adsorption energies indicate that the dopings are suitable. The doped -graphyne undergoes transition from semiconductor to metal.Furthermore, the doping of Nd, Pm, Sm and Eu atoms can induce magnetization. The results are useful for spintronics and the design of future electronic devices.展开更多
We introduce the relationship between excess noise in Optoelectronic Coupled Devices(OCDs)and their interior defects and explain how low-fiequency noise can be used to estimate their reliability.Using concepts from th...We introduce the relationship between excess noise in Optoelectronic Coupled Devices(OCDs)and their interior defects and explain how low-fiequency noise can be used to estimate their reliability.Using concepts from the biological immune system and its process of identifying invaders,we present a system for estimation of the reliability of OCDs.The system has expressions for the antigen(excess noise),lymphocyte(criterion)and the role of the lymphocyte eliminating unreliable devices.A genetic algorithm was used to estimate the components parameters of the noise spectrum for estimating the reliability of OCDs.The experimental results demonstrated that this method is reliable,adaptable and practical.展开更多
AIM:To study the effect of zymosan,a ligand found on the surface of fungi,on gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC)in cultured human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS:Zymosan was added to the medium of cultu...AIM:To study the effect of zymosan,a ligand found on the surface of fungi,on gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC)in cultured human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS:Zymosan was added to the medium of cultured HCFs with or without the administration of mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)inhibitors or the inhibitor kappa B kinase 2(IKK2)inhibitor IV.The protein and m RNA levels of connexin 43(Cx43)in HCFs were measured by Western blot,immunofluorescence,and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)analyses.The GJIC activity was tested using a dye-coupling assay.RESULTS:The reduction of Cx43 protein and m RNA levels as well as a significant decrease in GJIC activity were observed in cultured HCFs when zymosan was added into the culture medium.Compared with controls(no zymosan),the protein level of Cx43 was reduced by 45%and 54%in the presence of zymosan at 200 and 600μg/m L,respectively(P<0.05);and it was reduced by 45%,48%,and 75%in the presence of zymosan(600μg/m L)for 24,36,and 48 h,respectively(P<0.05).The m RNA expression of Cx43 was reduced by 98%in the presence of zymosan(P<0.05).The effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity were attenuated by the administration of PD98059[an extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)signaling inhibitor](P<0.05),c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor II(P<0.05),and IKK2 inhibitor IV(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Zymosan inhibits the activity of GJIC in cultured HCFs.This effect is likely regulated via the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),MAPK/ERK,and JNK signaling pathways.The inhibitory effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity in HCFs may induce damage of corneal stroma during corneal fungal infection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis(MRH)/systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) overlap syndrome is an uncommon disease in the clinic and is diagnosed through characteristic clinical manifestations, histopatholog...BACKGROUND Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis(MRH)/systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) overlap syndrome is an uncommon disease in the clinic and is diagnosed through characteristic clinical manifestations, histopathology, and immunopathology. Here, we report the case of a 30-year-old woman with SLE who developed MRH.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old woman with a history of polyarthritis for the past 12 years had multiple skin nodules on her body for 10 years, including the sacrococcygeal area, dorsum of the hands, interphalangeal joint of the feet and sternoclavicular joint. The histopathology of a biopsy of the distal interphalangeal joint of the hands revealed granulomatous inflammation, fibrous hyperplasia with ground-glass degeneration, inflammatory cell exudation and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical stains showed positive staining for CD68 and negative staining for S100 and acid-fast staining. The patient was diagnosed with SLE with MRH. Her symptoms were improved after a combined treatment of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine and cyclophosphamide.CONCLUSION MRH/SLE overlap syndrome is difficult to diagnose and treat. Cyclophosphamide may be an alternative choice for the treatment of MRH.展开更多
To the Editor:Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male genital system,with approximately 1.1 million new cases in 2012.[1]The accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to a better chanc...To the Editor:Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male genital system,with approximately 1.1 million new cases in 2012.[1]The accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to a better chance of successful treatment when it is still confined to the prostate gland.The Gleason grading(GD)system was first established by Donald Gleason during 1966 to 1974.[2,3]The Gleason pattern ranges from 1 to 5.A higher score corresponds to poorer differentiation,which indicates a worse prognosis and higher metastasis possibility.The total score is calculated with the first half of the dominant Gleason pattern and the second half based on the non-dominant one.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a poor overall prognosis. However, curative resection during the early stages of the disease can greatly improve survival rates, highlighting the import...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a poor overall prognosis. However, curative resection during the early stages of the disease can greatly improve survival rates, highlighting the importance of early screening and detection. Studies of noncoding RNAs, primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), provide important insights into strategies for the early detection of KRAS-driven PDAC. Here, we summarize our studies and review current reports on research investigating KRAS-related miRNAs and lncRNAs, emphasizing their aberrant expression, mechanisms, carcinogenic effects, and prognostic and predictive capacities in PDAC.展开更多
Samples of ultra-high-purity tungsten prepared using chemical vapour deposition(CVD)technique were irradiated with neutrons at temperatures T_(irr)=373-483 K(stage Ⅱ of defect recovery)and T_(irr)=573-673 K(stage Ⅲ)...Samples of ultra-high-purity tungsten prepared using chemical vapour deposition(CVD)technique were irradiated with neutrons at temperatures T_(irr)=373-483 K(stage Ⅱ of defect recovery)and T_(irr)=573-673 K(stage Ⅲ)up to 0.15 displacements per atom(dpa)in the Belgian reactor(BR2).The study of the microstructure of neutron-damaged samples using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed visible defects with a predominance of dislocation loops.With an increase in the neutron irradiation temperature,the spatial distribution of the loops acquired pronounced inhomogeneity,and their average size moderately increased.Cavities and voids were not observed.Irradiation-induced hardening was found and a linear correlation was obtained between Vickers microhardness and nanohardness for undamaged and neutron-irradiated CVD-W samples.Irradiation of tungsten with neutrons led to a significant increase in the retention of deuterium,which accumulated mainly in vacancy-type traps.Furthermore,the influence of the columnar grain structure in low-dose neutron-irradiated tungsten seemed to be non-trivial upon deuterium retention.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Metastasis of breast cancer usually affects the lungs,bones,liver,and brain.It rarely spreads to the gastrointestinal tract,and cases with similar endoscopic manifestations are even rarer.Herein,we report a 52-year-old woman presenting with metastatic lobular carcinoma involving the gastrointestinal tract four years following a left mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy for lobular carcinoma of the breast.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a history of invasive lobular carcinoma and experienced metastasis of breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract.The patient underwent a left mastectomy and tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR),negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and E-cadherin.She did not experience any local or distant recurrences for four years following the mastectomy,chemoradiotherapy,and hormone therapy.However,the patient complained of upper abdominal discomfort and was transferred to our hospital.The endoscopic examination revealed multiple crater-like ulcers scattered throughout the stomach,gastric antrum,and colorectum.Surprisingly,the histology of colorectum lesions was the same as that of gastric metastasis.Gastric tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3(GATA3),PR,and ER,negative for HER2.The colorectum tumor cells were positive for GATA3 and ER and negative for cytokeratin 20.Based on the results of immunohistological examination,a final diagnosis of gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer was established.CONCLUSION Distinguishing metastatic breast cancer from primary gastrointestinal lesions is crucial for initiating the correct treatment and enhancing the quality of life for patients.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(KJRC2023A02)Project of Sanya Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Management Foundation(SKJC-KJ-2019KY01)Sanya Science and Technology Special Fund(2022KJCX91)。
文摘The silver-lipped pearl oyster(Pinctada maxima)is the largest and most commercially valuable pearl-producing oyster,renowned for its ability to generate large,lustrous pearls.This species is a sequential hermaphrodite,with pearl production displaying notable sexual dimorphism.Consequently,understanding the molecular mechanisms governing sex determination and differentiation is crucial for advancing breeding strategies in the pearl oyster industry.To elucidate these mechanisms,this study conducted integrative transcriptomic analyses of P.maxima gonadal tissues using isoform sequencing(Isoseq)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Comparative analysis of ovarian and testicular tissues identified 2768 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene coexpression network analysis delineated four key modules,including three sex-specific modules and one shared module.Key genes implicated in sex determination and maintenance were identified,including FOXL2,NANOS1,andβ-catenin,important for ovarian maintenance,and DMRT,SOX30,FEM1,and FOXJ1,crucial for testicular maintenance.These genes,widely studied in other taxa,were confirmed as hub genes in the sex-related modules of P.maxima.Interestingly,genes within the shared module were significantly enriched in the spliceosome pathway.Alternative splicing analysis highlighted its extensive role in gonadal tissues,with more pronounced activity observed in the testis compared to the ovary.Nearly half(47.83%,375)of the identified genes undergoing differential alternative splicing(DASGs)also exhibited differential transcript usage(DTUGs),while only 17%of DTUGs overlapped with DEGs.Genes associated with sex differentiation,such as DMRT,β-catenin,and U2AF2,displayed sex-specific and/or sex-biased isoforms.These findings offer novel insights into the molecular basis of sex differentiation in P.maxima,which could inform the development of targeted breeding strategies aimed at sex control,thereby enhancing pearl quality and yield in aquaculture.This study offers a robust molecular foundation for advancing breeding programs and optimizing production in the pearl oyster industry.
文摘BACKGROUND Recurrence of primary choledocholithiasis commonly occurs after complete removal of stones by therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). The potential causes of the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ERCP are unclear.AIM To analyze the potential causes of the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ERCP.METHODS The ERCP database of our medical center for the period between January 2007 and January 2016 was retrospectively reviewed, and information regarding eligible patients who had choledocholithiasis recurrence was collected. A 1:1 case-control study was performed for this investigation. Data including general characteristics of the patients, past medical history, ERCP-related factors,common bile duct(CBD)-related factors, laboratory indicators, and treatment was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and KaplanMeier analysisly.RESULTS First recurrence of choledocholithiasis occurred in 477 patients; among these patients, the second and several instance(≥ 3 times) recurrence rates were 19.5%and 44.07%, respectively. The average time to first choledocholithiasis recurrence was 21.65 mo. A total of 477 patients who did not have recurrence were selected as a control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age > 65 years(odds ratio [OR] = 1.556; P = 0.018), combined history of choledocholithotomy(OR = 2.458; P < 0.01), endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(OR = 5.679; P = 0.000), endoscopic sphincterotomy(OR = 3.463; P = 0.000), CBD stent implantation(OR = 5.780; P = 0.000), multiple ERCP procedures(≥2; OR =2.75; P = 0.000), stones in the intrahepatic bile duct(OR = 2.308; P = 0.000),periampullary diverticula(OR = 1.627; P < 0.01), choledocholithiasis diameter ≥10 mm(OR = 1.599; P < 0.01), bile duct-duodenal fistula(OR = 2.69; P < 0.05),combined biliary tract infections(OR = 1.057; P < 0.01), and no preoperative antibiotic use(OR = 0.528; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ERCP.CONCLUSION Patient age greater than 65 years is an independent risk factor for the development of recurrent choledocholithiasis following ERCP, as is history of biliary surgeries, measures during ERCP, and prevention of postoperative complications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51301017)the Common Construction Project from Beijing Municipal Commission of Education
文摘Alloying elements, present in the aluminum solid solution or the precipitates, influence the corrosion resistance of A1-Mg-Mn-Zn alloys. In this study, sensi- tizing treatment was applied to an A1-Mg-Mn-Zn alloy to modify the precipitation at the grain boundaries or in the grains. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were used to characterize various second-phase particles and determine their orientation relationship with the A1 matrix. After sensitizing treatment, z-phase （Mg32（Al, Zn）49） is observed to precipitate along the grain boundaries in a coarser size, producing a discontinuous grain boundary precipitate structure. In addition, Mn-rich particles are found to form with various shapes, such as global, plate and rhombus.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81770889)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province (No.20201070)。
文摘AIM: To study the role of luteolin(LUT) in the expression of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) ligand poly I:C stimulated inflammatory factors in human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS: HCFs cells were cultivated with or without LUT or poly I:C.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunoblotting or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analyses.Immunoblotting was used to assess toll-interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β(TRIF), TLR3, transforming growth factor-bactivated kinase 1(TAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6), the transcription factor AP-1, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor(NF-κB)–inhibitory protein IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation.Immunofluorescence assays were used to localize the cellular location of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.RESULTS: Corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly I:C demonstrated decreased VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 expression levels upon exposure to LUT in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.LUT was observed to suppress poly I:C-triggered expression of TLR3, the translocation of NF-κB p65 into cell nuclei, as well as the phosphorylation of TAK, c-Jun, and IκB-α, while no impact on the expression levels of TRIF and TRAF6 were observed.CONCLUSION: LUT suppress the expression of proinflammatory adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines in poly I:C exposed HCFs.These effects are likely mediated through TAK/NF-κB signal attenuation.Therefore, LUT is a candidate molecule that can prevent the TLR3-mediated inflammation response associated with corneal viral infection.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11175014, 50971030)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 11163110)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program (No. 2011GB108002)
文摘The microstructure and nano-hardness of the pure copper and oxide dispersion-strengthened（ODS） copper alloy subjected to 1.4 Me V Au ions irradiation at room temperature were investigated. After irradiation, dislocation-loops form in both materials, while voids can only be generated in the pure copper. Compared with the irradiated pure copper, larger average diameter and lower number density of irradiation-induced dislocation-loops were detected in the ODS copper alloy, revealing that high-density dislocation and large volume of Al2O3 particles existing in the ODS copper alloy can act as effective sinks for the irradiation-induced defects. It was also detected that irradiation hardening in the ODS copper alloy is lower than that in the pure copper. The microstructure and nano-hardness results reveal that the ODS copper alloy has a better irradiation tolerance than the pure copper. In addition, the average diameter of the Al2O3 particles in the ODS copper alloy decreases after irradiation, because the Al–O chemical bonds are decomposed and the atoms are redistributed in the matrix during the irradiation process. This work reveals that the irradiation tolerance of the copper can be effectively enhanced by adding nano-sized Al2O3 particles into the matrix.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770889)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030313428)。
文摘AIM:To explore the effects of alarmins produced by necrotic human conjunctival fibroblasts on the release of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)by human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS:A necrotic cell supernatant(NHCS)was prepared by subjecting human conjunctival fibroblasts to three cycles of freezing and thawing.The amounts of interleukin(IL)-1βand tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin NHCS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.HCFs exposed to NHCS or other agents in culture were assayed for the release of MMPs as well as for intracellular signaling by immunoblot analysis.The abundance of MMP m RNAs in HCFs was examined by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.RESULTS:NHCS increased the release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by HCFs as well as the amounts of the corresponding m RNAs in the cells.NHCS also induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),p38,and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)as well as elicited that of the nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway by promoting phosphorylation of the endogenous NF-κB inhibitor IκB-α.Inhibitors of MAPK and NF-κB signaling as well as IL-1 and TNF-αreceptor antagonists attenuated the NHCS-induced release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by HCFs.Furthermore,IL-1βand TNF-αwere both detected in NHCS,and treatment of HCFs with these cytokines induced the release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION:Alarmins,including IL-1βand TNF-α,produced by necrotic human conjunctival fibroblasts triggered MMP release in HCFs through activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling.IL-1βand TNF-αare therefore potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of corneal stromal degradation in severe ocular burns.
文摘BACKGROUND As immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have become widely used in lung cancer treatment,immune-related adverse events(irAEs)warrant sufficient attention.Checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(CIP)is one of the most concerning adverse events as it is uncommon but life threatening.CASE SUMMARY The patient whose case is reported here experienced three episodes of CIP in a span of 4 mon.Interestingly,the three episodes of CIP involved different regions of the lung separately.Taking these pneumonitis areas together makes nearly a whole lung area.CONCLUSION This case showed that recurrent CIPs may occur repeatedly until the whole lung is involved,suggesting that the follow-up period of CIP should be long enough,and the rechallenge of ICI should be done with due caution.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.81770889)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2018A030313428)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province (No. 20201070)。
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of sulforaphane(SFN) on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2 stimulated migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in ARPE-19 cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of SFN or TGF-β2. SFN toxicity was assessed by performing a lactate dehydrogenase assay(LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium(MTS) assays, and cell migration was evaluated by Transwell migration assay. Actin stress fiber formation in ARPE-19 cells was determined using immunofluorescence analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was used to determine fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expressions along with the degree of Smad and Akt phosphorylation.RESULTS: SFN inhibited ARPE-19 migration. Additionally, SFN attenuated TGF-β2-induced appearance of actin stress fibers as well as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expressions in these cells. SFN also hindered the TGF-β2-stimulated phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, and Akt. SFN showed no cytotoxicity towards ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION: SFN inhibits TGF-β2-stimulated migration and EMT in ARPE-19 cells, probably by preventing the establishment of actin stress fibers and Akt and Smad2/3 signaling.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Plan Projects of Shannxi Education Department under Grant No 17JK0366the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Science and Technology Department under Grant Nos 2018JQ1042,2017ZDXM-GY-114 and 2018GY-044
文摘Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, Pm-, Sm-and Eu-doped β-graphyne are investigated by comprehensive ab initio calculation based on density functional theory. The adsorption energies indicate that the dopings are suitable. The doped -graphyne undergoes transition from semiconductor to metal.Furthermore, the doping of Nd, Pm, Sm and Eu atoms can induce magnetization. The results are useful for spintronics and the design of future electronic devices.
基金by NSFC(No.60906034)General Armament Department of China
文摘We introduce the relationship between excess noise in Optoelectronic Coupled Devices(OCDs)and their interior defects and explain how low-fiequency noise can be used to estimate their reliability.Using concepts from the biological immune system and its process of identifying invaders,we present a system for estimation of the reliability of OCDs.The system has expressions for the antigen(excess noise),lymphocyte(criterion)and the role of the lymphocyte eliminating unreliable devices.A genetic algorithm was used to estimate the components parameters of the noise spectrum for estimating the reliability of OCDs.The experimental results demonstrated that this method is reliable,adaptable and practical.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770889)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030313428)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Program(No.20191210E030077)。
文摘AIM:To study the effect of zymosan,a ligand found on the surface of fungi,on gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC)in cultured human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS:Zymosan was added to the medium of cultured HCFs with or without the administration of mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)inhibitors or the inhibitor kappa B kinase 2(IKK2)inhibitor IV.The protein and m RNA levels of connexin 43(Cx43)in HCFs were measured by Western blot,immunofluorescence,and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)analyses.The GJIC activity was tested using a dye-coupling assay.RESULTS:The reduction of Cx43 protein and m RNA levels as well as a significant decrease in GJIC activity were observed in cultured HCFs when zymosan was added into the culture medium.Compared with controls(no zymosan),the protein level of Cx43 was reduced by 45%and 54%in the presence of zymosan at 200 and 600μg/m L,respectively(P<0.05);and it was reduced by 45%,48%,and 75%in the presence of zymosan(600μg/m L)for 24,36,and 48 h,respectively(P<0.05).The m RNA expression of Cx43 was reduced by 98%in the presence of zymosan(P<0.05).The effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity were attenuated by the administration of PD98059[an extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)signaling inhibitor](P<0.05),c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor II(P<0.05),and IKK2 inhibitor IV(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Zymosan inhibits the activity of GJIC in cultured HCFs.This effect is likely regulated via the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),MAPK/ERK,and JNK signaling pathways.The inhibitory effects of zymosan on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity in HCFs may induce damage of corneal stroma during corneal fungal infection.
文摘BACKGROUND Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis(MRH)/systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) overlap syndrome is an uncommon disease in the clinic and is diagnosed through characteristic clinical manifestations, histopathology, and immunopathology. Here, we report the case of a 30-year-old woman with SLE who developed MRH.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old woman with a history of polyarthritis for the past 12 years had multiple skin nodules on her body for 10 years, including the sacrococcygeal area, dorsum of the hands, interphalangeal joint of the feet and sternoclavicular joint. The histopathology of a biopsy of the distal interphalangeal joint of the hands revealed granulomatous inflammation, fibrous hyperplasia with ground-glass degeneration, inflammatory cell exudation and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical stains showed positive staining for CD68 and negative staining for S100 and acid-fast staining. The patient was diagnosed with SLE with MRH. Her symptoms were improved after a combined treatment of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine and cyclophosphamide.CONCLUSION MRH/SLE overlap syndrome is difficult to diagnose and treat. Cyclophosphamide may be an alternative choice for the treatment of MRH.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61532001)Tsinghua Initiative Research Program(No.20151080475)。
文摘To the Editor:Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male genital system,with approximately 1.1 million new cases in 2012.[1]The accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to a better chance of successful treatment when it is still confined to the prostate gland.The Gleason grading(GD)system was first established by Donald Gleason during 1966 to 1974.[2,3]The Gleason pattern ranges from 1 to 5.A higher score corresponds to poorer differentiation,which indicates a worse prognosis and higher metastasis possibility.The total score is calculated with the first half of the dominant Gleason pattern and the second half based on the non-dominant one.
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a poor overall prognosis. However, curative resection during the early stages of the disease can greatly improve survival rates, highlighting the importance of early screening and detection. Studies of noncoding RNAs, primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), provide important insights into strategies for the early detection of KRAS-driven PDAC. Here, we summarize our studies and review current reports on research investigating KRAS-related miRNAs and lncRNAs, emphasizing their aberrant expression, mechanisms, carcinogenic effects, and prognostic and predictive capacities in PDAC.
基金Neutron irradiations at BR2 in SCK/CEN were carried out in the framework of MICADO project.Hot-lab experiments were conducted at the International Research Centre for Nuclear Materials Science(Oarai site),Institute for Materials Research(IMR),Tohoku University.All authors wish to thank IMR staffs Mr.K.Suzuki and T.Maniwa for their kind assistance.X.Yi acknowledges funding support from the Global Institute for Materials Research Tohoku(GIMRT)program via proposals No.19M0504,20M0502 and 202012-IRKMA-0516the National Natural Science Foundation of China via grant No.12175013J.P.Song acknowledges funding support from the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China via Grant No.2018YFE031210.
文摘Samples of ultra-high-purity tungsten prepared using chemical vapour deposition(CVD)technique were irradiated with neutrons at temperatures T_(irr)=373-483 K(stage Ⅱ of defect recovery)and T_(irr)=573-673 K(stage Ⅲ)up to 0.15 displacements per atom(dpa)in the Belgian reactor(BR2).The study of the microstructure of neutron-damaged samples using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed visible defects with a predominance of dislocation loops.With an increase in the neutron irradiation temperature,the spatial distribution of the loops acquired pronounced inhomogeneity,and their average size moderately increased.Cavities and voids were not observed.Irradiation-induced hardening was found and a linear correlation was obtained between Vickers microhardness and nanohardness for undamaged and neutron-irradiated CVD-W samples.Irradiation of tungsten with neutrons led to a significant increase in the retention of deuterium,which accumulated mainly in vacancy-type traps.Furthermore,the influence of the columnar grain structure in low-dose neutron-irradiated tungsten seemed to be non-trivial upon deuterium retention.
