BACKGROUND Multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)is a rare mediastinal lesion which is considered to occur in the process of acquired inflammation.It is usually characterized by well-defined cystic density and is filled with t...BACKGROUND Multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)is a rare mediastinal lesion which is considered to occur in the process of acquired inflammation.It is usually characterized by well-defined cystic density and is filled with transparent liquid.CASE SUMMARY We report on a 39-year-old male with a cystic-solid mass in the anterior mediastinum.Computer tomography(CT)imaging showed that the mass was irregular with unclear boundaries.After injection of contrast agent,there was a slight enhancement of stripes and nodules.According to CT findings,it was diagnosed as thymic cancer.CONCLUSION After surgery,MTC accompanied by bleeding and infection was confirmed by pathological examination.The main lesson of this case was that malignant thymic tumor and MTC of the anterior mediastinum sometimes exhibit similar CT findings.Caution is necessary in clinical work to avoid misdiagnosis.展开更多
Ischemic stroke(IS)represents a significant threat to brain health due to its elevated mortality and disability rates.The efficacy of small-molecule neuroprotective agents has been impeded by challenges associated wit...Ischemic stroke(IS)represents a significant threat to brain health due to its elevated mortality and disability rates.The efficacy of small-molecule neuroprotective agents has been impeded by challenges associated with traversing the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and limited bioavailability.Conversely,advanced nano drug delivery systems hold promise for overcoming these obstacles by facilitating efficient transportation across the BBB and maintaining optimal drug concentrations.This review aims to explore advanced neuroprotective nano drug delivery systems as a means of effectively administering neuroprotective agents to the brain using pharmaceutical approaches in the treatment of IS.By examining these systems,researchers and clinicians can gain valuable insights and innovative concepts,illuminating the potential of advanced neuroprotective nano drug delivery systems.Leveraging these advancements can drive the progress of pioneering and efficacious therapeutic interventions for IS.展开更多
The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction th...The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction that involves instantaneous molecular reactions.In bioreduction,the contact of bacterial cells and GO is considered the rate-limiting step.To reveal how the bacteria-GO integration regulates rGO production,the comparative experiments of GO and three Shewanella strains were carried out.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the reduction degree and the aggregation degree.The results showed that a spontaneous aggregation of GO and Shewanella into the condensed entity occurred within 36 h.A positive linear correlation was established,linking three indexes of the aggregation potential,the bacterial reduction ability,and the reduction degree(ID/IG)comprehensively.展开更多
A new piezoelectric pump can pump liquid either forward or backward and adjust the flow rate. Thus an object can be driven forward or backward at different speeds. The driver of the pump, a circular piezoelectric plat...A new piezoelectric pump can pump liquid either forward or backward and adjust the flow rate. Thus an object can be driven forward or backward at different speeds. The driver of the pump, a circular piezoelectric plate, is modelled by Finite Element Method （FEM） in ANSYS and its performance is simulated and analyzed. The pump gives the best performance when the driving signals of the inlet and outlet valves have a bigger duty cycle and the plate has a higher voltage applied.展开更多
Raidoprotective 105(RP105)was first discovered on the surface of mouse B cells and it has been demonstrated that RP105 can function as an inflammatory regulator in cardiovascular disease(CVD),such as myocardial ischem...Raidoprotective 105(RP105)was first discovered on the surface of mouse B cells and it has been demonstrated that RP105 can function as an inflammatory regulator in cardiovascular disease(CVD),such as myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury(MI/RI),atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction(MI).As a member of Toll-like receptor(TLR)homolog which is capable of regulating toll-like receptor(TLR4)signaling pathway,RP105 is implicated in various biological processes.Mounting evidence suggests that RP105 regulates the function of TLR4 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)signaling pathways.Here,we review the effect of RP105 on CVD through regulating TLR4/PI3K signaling pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Goodpasture syndrome(GS) is a rare disease, the morbidity of which is estimated to be 0.5-0.8 per million per year. Hemorrhage is the most serious complication in renal biopsy. Despite the fact that both GS...BACKGROUND Goodpasture syndrome(GS) is a rare disease, the morbidity of which is estimated to be 0.5-0.8 per million per year. Hemorrhage is the most serious complication in renal biopsy. Despite the fact that both GS and hemorrhage after renal biopsy are rare, it has not been reported that they are likely to occur in the same patient.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and rapid progressive renal function caused by anti-glomerular basement membrane disease presented atypical symptoms without hemoptysis, accompanied by life-threatening hypoxemia. Plasmapheresis was performed, and glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide were administered. The patient started to show signs of improvement. Percutaneous renal biopsy is an appropriate diagnostic measure that is commonly safe, but this patient experienced hemorrhage after operation,thus necessitating embolization of the renal artery to stop the bleeding. The patient’s condition was improved, and the serum anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody level was 106 AU/m L(normal range: < 24 AU/m L) and slowly decreased. His discharge medications were oral daily prednisone(30 mg)and continued maintenance hemodialysis.CONCLUSION GS is a rare organ-specific autoimmune disease that is invariably ubiquitous in the lung and kidney areas. Renal biopsy is the appropriate procedure for the treatment of GS disease, although it is an invasive measure.展开更多
Enrichment of As and Au at the overgrowth rims of arsenian pyrite is a distinctive feature of Carlin-type gold ores.Revealing distribution of such key elements in high resolution is of fundamental importance yet often...Enrichment of As and Au at the overgrowth rims of arsenian pyrite is a distinctive feature of Carlin-type gold ores.Revealing distribution of such key elements in high resolution is of fundamental importance yet often proves challenging.In this study,repeated non-oxidative acid etching of ore samples from Shuiyindong gold deposit was applied to enable elemental depth profiling of goldbearing arsenian pyrite grains.ICP-OES and AAS were used to determine the dissolved Fe,As,and Au concentrations in each of the etching solutions,and XPS was carried out to exam the etched mineral surfaces.In contrast to conventional ion beam etching that may cause substantial sample damage,our acid etching method does not seem to significantly alter the composition and chemical state of the samples.The etched depths directly converted from the measured elemental concentrations can reproducibly reach a very high resolution of~1 nm,and can be conveniently controlled through varying the etching time.While the Fe and As depth profiles consistently reflect the surface oxidation property of arsenian pyrite,the Au profile displaying an obvious upward trend reveals the ore fluid evolution at the late stage of mineralization.Based on our experimental results,we demonstrate that our wet chemistry method is capable of effective depth profiling of gold ore and perhaps other geological samples,with advantages surpassing many instrumental techniques including negligible sample damage,nanoscale resolution as well as isotropic etching.展开更多
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis(AAV)are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologi...BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis(AAV)are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologies.Their overlap constitutes a rare rheumatologic disease.To date,only dozens of such cases with biopsyproven glomerulonephritis have been reported worldwide typically in women of childbearing age.Here,we present a unique clinical case due to its rarity and individualized treatment of a Chinese man in his eighth decade of life.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old man was admitted to several hospitals for shortness of breath and received nonspecific treatments over the past 3 years.As his symptoms were not completely relieved,he visited our hospital for further treatment.Laboratory examinations revealed kidney dysfunction,severe anaemia,hypocomplementemia,glomerular proteinuria,and microscopic haematuria.Antinuclear antibodies,as well as anti-dsDNA antibodies,were positive.Computed tomography of the chest showed right pleural effusion.Renal biopsy was performed,and histology suggested crescentic glomerulonephritis,pauci-immune type.After treatment with plasmapheresis,glucocorticoid,and cyclophosphamide,the disease was in remission,and the patient remained in a stable condition for over 3 years post-hospital discharge.CONCLUSION Due to its complexity and rarity,SLE and AAV overlap syndrome is easily misdiagnosed.An accurate diagnosis and treatment at the earliest stage may significantly improve the condition and reduce irreversible organ injury.展开更多
In the past few years, genome-wide association study （GWAS） has made great successes in identifying genetic susceptibility loci underlying many complex diseases and traits. The findings provide important genetic ins...In the past few years, genome-wide association study （GWAS） has made great successes in identifying genetic susceptibility loci underlying many complex diseases and traits. The findings provide important genetic insights into understanding pathogenesis of diseases. In this paper, we present an overview of widely used approaches and strategies for analysis of GWAS, offered a general consideration to deal with GWAS data. The issues regarding data quality control, population structure, association analysis, multiple comparison and visual presentation of GWAS results are discussed; other advanced topics including the issue of missing heritability, meta-analysis, setbased association analysis, copy number variation analysis and GWAS cohort analysis are also briefly introduced.展开更多
BACKGROUND As of June 1,2020,over 370000 coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization.However,the risk factors for patients with moderate-to-severe or severe-to-critical...BACKGROUND As of June 1,2020,over 370000 coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization.However,the risk factors for patients with moderate-to-severe or severe-to-critical COVID-19 remain unclear.AIM To explore the characteristics and predictive markers of severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at the B11 Zhongfaxincheng campus and E1-3 Guanggu campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated with Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan.Patients with COVID-19 admitted from 1st February 2020 to 8th March 2020 were enrolled and categorized into 3 groups:The moderate group,severe group and critically ill group.Epidemiological data,demographic data,clinical symptoms and outcomes,complications,laboratory tests and radiographic examinations were collected retrospectively from the hospital information system and then compared between groups.RESULTS A total of 126 patients were enrolled.There were 59 in the moderate group,49 in the severe group,and 18 in the critically ill group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age[odd ratio(OR)=1.055,95%(confidence interval)CI:1.099-1.104],elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios(OR=4.019,95%CI:1.045-15.467)and elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I(OR=10.126,95%CI:1.088-94.247)were high-risk factors.CONCLUSION The following indicators can help clinicians identify patients with severe COVID-19 at an early stage:age,an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and high sensitivity cardiac troponin I.展开更多
BACKGROUND Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G(IgG)deposits(PGNMID)is a newly recognized rare disease.The renal pathology is characterized by prominent manifestations of membranous hyperp...BACKGROUND Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G(IgG)deposits(PGNMID)is a newly recognized rare disease.The renal pathology is characterized by prominent manifestations of membranous hyperplasia,which are easy to misdiagnose.The clinical symptoms are severe.Massive proteinuria and hypoproteinemia are conspicuous,and most patients are accompanied by renal insufficiency and microscopic hematuria.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital for macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria 4 years prior,and renal biopsy in the hospital suggested moderate-tosevere mesangial proliferating glomerulonephritis(MsPGN).She had taken a glucocorticoid,cyclophosphamide,mycophenolate mofetil,and other treatments and achieved brief partial remission.Recently,the patient visited our hospital due to massive proteinuria.Repeated renal biopsy and re-evaluation of the first biopsy obtained 4 years previously revealed monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition in the glomeruli.A bone marrow examination was performed to exclude hematologic malignancy,and a diagnosis of PGNMID was established.The patient showed remission after four cycles of a bortezomib+cyclophosphamide+dexamethasone scheme.CONCLUSION PGNMID is usually misdiagnosed as MsPGN or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.Although it often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals,it cannot be readily excluded in young people,even when serum immunofixation electrophoresis is negative.IgG subtype and light chain staining are necessary when this disease is highly suspected.An accurate diagnosis at the earliest stage may avoid the overuse of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.展开更多
Currently existing data access object （DAO） patterns have several limitations. First, the interface of the patterns and business objects is tightly-coupled, which affects seriously the dynamic extensibility of softw...Currently existing data access object （DAO） patterns have several limitations. First, the interface of the patterns and business objects is tightly-coupled, which affects seriously the dynamic extensibility of software systems. Second, the patterns have duplicated implementation codes, which add to difficulties of system maintenance. To solve these problems, a new DAO pattern with stronger independency and dynamic extensibility is proposed in this paper. An example is given to illustrate the using process of the new DAO pattern. The greatest advantages of the new DAO pattern are as follows. If any business object is needed to add to the system, we do not have to modify any codes of the class DAO Factory. All we need to do is to modify the mapping file. Furthermore, because we have only one DAO implementation class to accomplish all the data access to business objects, if some SQL statements are needed to be modified, all we need to do is to modify the DAO implementation class but not need to modify any business objects.展开更多
The shortage of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)with both high hydroxide conductivity and stable physicochemical properties remains a major impediment to the development of high-performance AEM water electrolysis(AEMWE)...The shortage of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)with both high hydroxide conductivity and stable physicochemical properties remains a major impediment to the development of high-performance AEM water electrolysis(AEMWE)technology.Herein,we designed a series of branched AEMs with specific spatial configurations at the molecular level to tackle such a dilemma.The core of rational design incorporates rigid,non-rotatable,single-bonded branched monomers and spirobisindane-co-terphenyl structures to modulate branched rotational freedom and microphase separation.The low rotational freedom branched structure improves local chain stacking,enhances the crystallinity,and forms a dense network of interconnected micropores.Furthermore,the delicate design regulates the hydrated ionic cluster aggregation state,reducing the OH-diffusion barriers within the polymer networks.Well-designed AEMs exhibit a low swelling ratio(<18.0%)even with high water uptake(94.2%-101.3%)at 80℃ while possessing high conductivity(165.4 mS·cm^(-1))and stabilizing in 1 M KOH for 1200 h.Impressively,the AEM was used to construct an IrO_(2) anode AEMWE cell,which exhibits a performance of 4 A·cm^(-2) at 2.0 V and more than 500 h of stable operation at 1 A·cm^(-2).This study provides insights into the design of high-performance AEMs for energy conversion devices.展开更多
Background:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades,and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase.Eating out of h...Background:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades,and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase.Eating out of home(EOH)is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period.However,the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.Methods:The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.Results:Average weekly EOH frequency≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population(OR:1.31[1.11-1.54],p<0.01),most notably in participants≤45 years old(OR:1.41[1.11-1.80],p<0.01])and in males(OR:1.26[1.06-1.51],p<0.01).An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM.Weekly EOH frequency≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose-response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups(poverall association<0.05 andpnonlinearity≤0.05).Conclusion:This study showed that a frequency of EOH(≥5 times/week)was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China.More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.展开更多
Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a w...Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a workable strategy to fulfill the above task. However, how the molecular packing mode affects the intersystem crossing and RTP lifetime concurrently remains unclear so far. Herein, four economic small-molecular compounds, analogues of the famous drug raloxifene(RALO), are facilely synthesized and further explored as neat single-component and stimuli-responsive RTP emitters via crystallization engineering. Thanks to their simple structures and high ease to crystallize, these raloxifene analogues function as models to clarify the important role of molecular packing in the RTP and stimuliresponsiveness properties. Thorough combination of the single-crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations clearly manifests that the tight antiparallel molecular packing mode is the key point to their RTP behaviors. Interestingly, harnessing the controllable and reversible phase transitions of the two polymorphs of RALO-OAc driven by mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat, a single-component multilevel stimuli-responsive platform with tunable emission color is established and further exploited for optical information encryption. This work would shed light on the rational design of multi-stimuli responsive RTP systems based on single-component organics.展开更多
Background Globally increasing atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition has altered soil phosphorus(P) transforma-tions and availability, and thereby influenced structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Edaphic char...Background Globally increasing atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition has altered soil phosphorus(P) transforma-tions and availability, and thereby influenced structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Edaphic characteristics and chemical form of deposited N could be important factors determining impacts of N deposition on soil P transfor-mations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Objectives of this study were to examine how min-eral-N and amino N differently affect P fractions, and identify key soil properties determining N addition impacts on soil P transformations. Considering that amino N is an important component of deposited N and forest soils vary greatly in different regions, the results of present study can guide the management of forests across different soils under ongoing N deposition scenarios.Methods We conducted a 60-day laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of N addition(NH4NO3and gly-cine) on soil P fractions and related biochemical properties in four representative forest soils(brown, yellow brown, aeolian sandy, and red soils) in China. Glycine and NH4NO3were separately added at three rates(5, 10 and 20 g N m–2yr–1).Results Firstly, the percent changes in organic P fractions with N addition were significantly greater than changes in inorganic P fractions across all soils. Secondly, the percent changes in P fractions with glycine and NH4NO3addi-tions were significantly correlated across all soils and treatments. However, glycine addition had significantly greater impacts on organic P fractions than NH4NO3addition in the aeolian sandy and red soils with low organic carbon content. Thirdly, P fractions responded differently to N addition among the four soils. N-induced changes in microbial biomass and phosphatase activities, p H, exchangeable Ca2+and Mg2+contributed differently to the changes in P frac-tions with N addition in the four soils.Conclusions The different responses of P fractions to N addition in the four soils were mainly generated by the dif-ferences in extent of microbial N limitation, acid buffering capacity, and cation exchange capacity among the soils. The different impacts of mineral and amino N on soil P fractions can be ascribed to their divergent effects on soil p H, microbial biomass and activities.展开更多
The fluidization behavior of ZnO nano-particles in magnetic fluidized bed （MFB） by adding coarse magnetic particles was investigated, followed by the co-fluidization of mixtures of ZnO and SiO2 nano-particles. For s...The fluidization behavior of ZnO nano-particles in magnetic fluidized bed （MFB） by adding coarse magnetic particles was investigated, followed by the co-fluidization of mixtures of ZnO and SiO2 nano-particles. For such co-fluidization, bed expansion was found to change smoothly with gas velocity through a range of stable operation. By measuring the bed expansion ratio and pressure drop, a stability diagram for the mixture in MFB was obtained. Within this stable operation range, with increasing gas velocity the pressure drop hardly changes as the bed expands, up to an expansion ratio of more than 4.展开更多
In order to control water pollution in the rapidly urbanizing South China area,biological contact oxidation(BCO)process and biological aerated filter(BAF)process were applied in a pilot-scale experiment for decentrali...In order to control water pollution in the rapidly urbanizing South China area,biological contact oxidation(BCO)process and biological aerated filter(BAF)process were applied in a pilot-scale experiment for decentralized wastewater treatment.An investigation to find the optimal parameters of the two biofilm systems was conducted on hydraulic loading,organic loading,and aeration rate.The results indicated that the water reuse criteria required a maximum hydraulic and organic loading of 30.0 m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)and 4.0 kg COD/(m^(3)·d),respectively,as well as a minimum effluent DO of 4.0 mg/L.The utilization of a new media allowed BAF to perform better than BCO.The kinetic description of the COD removal process for BAF and BCO are Se=S0e^(-0.639t)/(1+1.035t),and S_(e)=S_(0)/[(1+0.947t)(1+1.242t)],respectively.The correlativity analysis showed that the two models could predict the effluent water quality based on the hydraulic retention time.Thus,the appropriate hydraulic loading for certain effluent water quality demands could be determined.The two models could be applied to wastewater treatment practice.展开更多
The Wide-Lane(WL)and Narrow-Lane(NL)Uncalibrated Phase Delays(UPDs)are the prerequisites in the traditional Precise Point Positioning(PPP)Ambiguity Resolution(AR).As the generation mechanism of various biases becomes ...The Wide-Lane(WL)and Narrow-Lane(NL)Uncalibrated Phase Delays(UPDs)are the prerequisites in the traditional Precise Point Positioning(PPP)Ambiguity Resolution(AR).As the generation mechanism of various biases becomes more complex,we systematically studied the impact factors of four satellite systems WL and NL UPDs from the perspective of parameter estimation.Approximately 100 stations in a global network are used to generate the UPDs.The results of different satellite systems show that the estimation method,update frequency,and solution mode need to be treated differently.Two regional networks with different receiver types,JAVAD,and Trimble,are also adopted.The results indicate that the receiver-dependent bias has an influence on UPD estimation.Also,the hardware delays can inhibit the satellite-side UPDs if these receiver-specific errors are not fully deployed or even misused.Furthermore,the temporal stability and residual distribution of NL UPDs are significantly enhanced by utilizing a regional network,with the improvements by over 68%and 40%,respectively.It demonstrates that different network scales exhibit the different implication of unmodeled errors,and the unmodeled errors cannot be ignored and must be handled in UPD estimation.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Multilocular thymic cyst(MTC)is a rare mediastinal lesion which is considered to occur in the process of acquired inflammation.It is usually characterized by well-defined cystic density and is filled with transparent liquid.CASE SUMMARY We report on a 39-year-old male with a cystic-solid mass in the anterior mediastinum.Computer tomography(CT)imaging showed that the mass was irregular with unclear boundaries.After injection of contrast agent,there was a slight enhancement of stripes and nodules.According to CT findings,it was diagnosed as thymic cancer.CONCLUSION After surgery,MTC accompanied by bleeding and infection was confirmed by pathological examination.The main lesson of this case was that malignant thymic tumor and MTC of the anterior mediastinum sometimes exhibit similar CT findings.Caution is necessary in clinical work to avoid misdiagnosis.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1420000)Shanghai Shen Kang Center Research Physician Training Program on Innovation and Translation Capabilities(No.SHDC2022CRS051)Three-Year Action Plan for Improving Clinical Research Capacity of International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.IPMCH2022CR1-05).
文摘Ischemic stroke(IS)represents a significant threat to brain health due to its elevated mortality and disability rates.The efficacy of small-molecule neuroprotective agents has been impeded by challenges associated with traversing the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and limited bioavailability.Conversely,advanced nano drug delivery systems hold promise for overcoming these obstacles by facilitating efficient transportation across the BBB and maintaining optimal drug concentrations.This review aims to explore advanced neuroprotective nano drug delivery systems as a means of effectively administering neuroprotective agents to the brain using pharmaceutical approaches in the treatment of IS.By examining these systems,researchers and clinicians can gain valuable insights and innovative concepts,illuminating the potential of advanced neuroprotective nano drug delivery systems.Leveraging these advancements can drive the progress of pioneering and efficacious therapeutic interventions for IS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178293)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2022J01022)。
文摘The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction that involves instantaneous molecular reactions.In bioreduction,the contact of bacterial cells and GO is considered the rate-limiting step.To reveal how the bacteria-GO integration regulates rGO production,the comparative experiments of GO and three Shewanella strains were carried out.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the reduction degree and the aggregation degree.The results showed that a spontaneous aggregation of GO and Shewanella into the condensed entity occurred within 36 h.A positive linear correlation was established,linking three indexes of the aggregation potential,the bacterial reduction ability,and the reduction degree(ID/IG)comprehensively.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(No.50575093 and No.50775093)for the financial support.
文摘A new piezoelectric pump can pump liquid either forward or backward and adjust the flow rate. Thus an object can be driven forward or backward at different speeds. The driver of the pump, a circular piezoelectric plate, is modelled by Finite Element Method （FEM） in ANSYS and its performance is simulated and analyzed. The pump gives the best performance when the driving signals of the inlet and outlet valves have a bigger duty cycle and the plate has a higher voltage applied.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770360 and No.81800258).
文摘Raidoprotective 105(RP105)was first discovered on the surface of mouse B cells and it has been demonstrated that RP105 can function as an inflammatory regulator in cardiovascular disease(CVD),such as myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury(MI/RI),atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction(MI).As a member of Toll-like receptor(TLR)homolog which is capable of regulating toll-like receptor(TLR4)signaling pathway,RP105 is implicated in various biological processes.Mounting evidence suggests that RP105 regulates the function of TLR4 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)signaling pathways.Here,we review the effect of RP105 on CVD through regulating TLR4/PI3K signaling pathways.
文摘BACKGROUND Goodpasture syndrome(GS) is a rare disease, the morbidity of which is estimated to be 0.5-0.8 per million per year. Hemorrhage is the most serious complication in renal biopsy. Despite the fact that both GS and hemorrhage after renal biopsy are rare, it has not been reported that they are likely to occur in the same patient.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and rapid progressive renal function caused by anti-glomerular basement membrane disease presented atypical symptoms without hemoptysis, accompanied by life-threatening hypoxemia. Plasmapheresis was performed, and glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide were administered. The patient started to show signs of improvement. Percutaneous renal biopsy is an appropriate diagnostic measure that is commonly safe, but this patient experienced hemorrhage after operation,thus necessitating embolization of the renal artery to stop the bleeding. The patient’s condition was improved, and the serum anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody level was 106 AU/m L(normal range: < 24 AU/m L) and slowly decreased. His discharge medications were oral daily prednisone(30 mg)and continued maintenance hemodialysis.CONCLUSION GS is a rare organ-specific autoimmune disease that is invariably ubiquitous in the lung and kidney areas. Renal biopsy is the appropriate procedure for the treatment of GS disease, although it is an invasive measure.
基金Financial supports from the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB41000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872046,41902041 and 41173074)the Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Guizhou Province(No.KY[2018]004)are sincerely acknowledged.
文摘Enrichment of As and Au at the overgrowth rims of arsenian pyrite is a distinctive feature of Carlin-type gold ores.Revealing distribution of such key elements in high resolution is of fundamental importance yet often proves challenging.In this study,repeated non-oxidative acid etching of ore samples from Shuiyindong gold deposit was applied to enable elemental depth profiling of goldbearing arsenian pyrite grains.ICP-OES and AAS were used to determine the dissolved Fe,As,and Au concentrations in each of the etching solutions,and XPS was carried out to exam the etched mineral surfaces.In contrast to conventional ion beam etching that may cause substantial sample damage,our acid etching method does not seem to significantly alter the composition and chemical state of the samples.The etched depths directly converted from the measured elemental concentrations can reproducibly reach a very high resolution of~1 nm,and can be conveniently controlled through varying the etching time.While the Fe and As depth profiles consistently reflect the surface oxidation property of arsenian pyrite,the Au profile displaying an obvious upward trend reveals the ore fluid evolution at the late stage of mineralization.Based on our experimental results,we demonstrate that our wet chemistry method is capable of effective depth profiling of gold ore and perhaps other geological samples,with advantages surpassing many instrumental techniques including negligible sample damage,nanoscale resolution as well as isotropic etching.
文摘BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis(AAV)are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologies.Their overlap constitutes a rare rheumatologic disease.To date,only dozens of such cases with biopsyproven glomerulonephritis have been reported worldwide typically in women of childbearing age.Here,we present a unique clinical case due to its rarity and individualized treatment of a Chinese man in his eighth decade of life.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old man was admitted to several hospitals for shortness of breath and received nonspecific treatments over the past 3 years.As his symptoms were not completely relieved,he visited our hospital for further treatment.Laboratory examinations revealed kidney dysfunction,severe anaemia,hypocomplementemia,glomerular proteinuria,and microscopic haematuria.Antinuclear antibodies,as well as anti-dsDNA antibodies,were positive.Computed tomography of the chest showed right pleural effusion.Renal biopsy was performed,and histology suggested crescentic glomerulonephritis,pauci-immune type.After treatment with plasmapheresis,glucocorticoid,and cyclophosphamide,the disease was in remission,and the patient remained in a stable condition for over 3 years post-hospital discharge.CONCLUSION Due to its complexity and rarity,SLE and AAV overlap syndrome is easily misdiagnosed.An accurate diagnosis and treatment at the earliest stage may significantly improve the condition and reduce irreversible organ injury.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072389,81373102,81473070 and 81402765)Research Found for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20113234110002)+4 种基金Key Grant of Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.10KJA330034)College Philosophy and Social Science Foundation from Education Department of Jiangsu Province of China(No.2013SJB790059,2013SJD790032)Research Foundation from Xuzhou Medical College(No.2012KJ02)Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province of China(No.CXLX13_574)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘In the past few years, genome-wide association study （GWAS） has made great successes in identifying genetic susceptibility loci underlying many complex diseases and traits. The findings provide important genetic insights into understanding pathogenesis of diseases. In this paper, we present an overview of widely used approaches and strategies for analysis of GWAS, offered a general consideration to deal with GWAS data. The issues regarding data quality control, population structure, association analysis, multiple comparison and visual presentation of GWAS results are discussed; other advanced topics including the issue of missing heritability, meta-analysis, setbased association analysis, copy number variation analysis and GWAS cohort analysis are also briefly introduced.
基金Supported by Disciplines Construction Project of Peking Union Medical College,No.201920202102.
文摘BACKGROUND As of June 1,2020,over 370000 coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization.However,the risk factors for patients with moderate-to-severe or severe-to-critical COVID-19 remain unclear.AIM To explore the characteristics and predictive markers of severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at the B11 Zhongfaxincheng campus and E1-3 Guanggu campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated with Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan.Patients with COVID-19 admitted from 1st February 2020 to 8th March 2020 were enrolled and categorized into 3 groups:The moderate group,severe group and critically ill group.Epidemiological data,demographic data,clinical symptoms and outcomes,complications,laboratory tests and radiographic examinations were collected retrospectively from the hospital information system and then compared between groups.RESULTS A total of 126 patients were enrolled.There were 59 in the moderate group,49 in the severe group,and 18 in the critically ill group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age[odd ratio(OR)=1.055,95%(confidence interval)CI:1.099-1.104],elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios(OR=4.019,95%CI:1.045-15.467)and elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I(OR=10.126,95%CI:1.088-94.247)were high-risk factors.CONCLUSION The following indicators can help clinicians identify patients with severe COVID-19 at an early stage:age,an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and high sensitivity cardiac troponin I.
文摘BACKGROUND Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G(IgG)deposits(PGNMID)is a newly recognized rare disease.The renal pathology is characterized by prominent manifestations of membranous hyperplasia,which are easy to misdiagnose.The clinical symptoms are severe.Massive proteinuria and hypoproteinemia are conspicuous,and most patients are accompanied by renal insufficiency and microscopic hematuria.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital for macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria 4 years prior,and renal biopsy in the hospital suggested moderate-tosevere mesangial proliferating glomerulonephritis(MsPGN).She had taken a glucocorticoid,cyclophosphamide,mycophenolate mofetil,and other treatments and achieved brief partial remission.Recently,the patient visited our hospital due to massive proteinuria.Repeated renal biopsy and re-evaluation of the first biopsy obtained 4 years previously revealed monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition in the glomeruli.A bone marrow examination was performed to exclude hematologic malignancy,and a diagnosis of PGNMID was established.The patient showed remission after four cycles of a bortezomib+cyclophosphamide+dexamethasone scheme.CONCLUSION PGNMID is usually misdiagnosed as MsPGN or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.Although it often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals,it cannot be readily excluded in young people,even when serum immunofixation electrophoresis is negative.IgG subtype and light chain staining are necessary when this disease is highly suspected.An accurate diagnosis at the earliest stage may avoid the overuse of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.
文摘Currently existing data access object （DAO） patterns have several limitations. First, the interface of the patterns and business objects is tightly-coupled, which affects seriously the dynamic extensibility of software systems. Second, the patterns have duplicated implementation codes, which add to difficulties of system maintenance. To solve these problems, a new DAO pattern with stronger independency and dynamic extensibility is proposed in this paper. An example is given to illustrate the using process of the new DAO pattern. The greatest advantages of the new DAO pattern are as follows. If any business object is needed to add to the system, we do not have to modify any codes of the class DAO Factory. All we need to do is to modify the mapping file. Furthermore, because we have only one DAO implementation class to accomplish all the data access to business objects, if some SQL statements are needed to be modified, all we need to do is to modify the DAO implementation class but not need to modify any business objects.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5419-202399653A-3-2-ZN).
文摘The shortage of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)with both high hydroxide conductivity and stable physicochemical properties remains a major impediment to the development of high-performance AEM water electrolysis(AEMWE)technology.Herein,we designed a series of branched AEMs with specific spatial configurations at the molecular level to tackle such a dilemma.The core of rational design incorporates rigid,non-rotatable,single-bonded branched monomers and spirobisindane-co-terphenyl structures to modulate branched rotational freedom and microphase separation.The low rotational freedom branched structure improves local chain stacking,enhances the crystallinity,and forms a dense network of interconnected micropores.Furthermore,the delicate design regulates the hydrated ionic cluster aggregation state,reducing the OH-diffusion barriers within the polymer networks.Well-designed AEMs exhibit a low swelling ratio(<18.0%)even with high water uptake(94.2%-101.3%)at 80℃ while possessing high conductivity(165.4 mS·cm^(-1))and stabilizing in 1 M KOH for 1200 h.Impressively,the AEM was used to construct an IrO_(2) anode AEMWE cell,which exhibits a performance of 4 A·cm^(-2) at 2.0 V and more than 500 h of stable operation at 1 A·cm^(-2).This study provides insights into the design of high-performance AEMs for energy conversion devices.
基金National Nutrition Science Research Grant(Grant/Award Number:CNS-NNSRG2019-234)Chinese National Key Research and Development Program during the 13th Five-year Plan Period(Grant/Award Number:2022YFC2010106)+2 种基金Disciplines Construction Project of Peking Union Medical College(Grant/Award Number:PUMC,201920202102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant/Award Number:81971316)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Grant/Award Number:bj-2023-72)。
文摘Background:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades,and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase.Eating out of home(EOH)is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period.However,the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.Methods:The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.Results:Average weekly EOH frequency≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population(OR:1.31[1.11-1.54],p<0.01),most notably in participants≤45 years old(OR:1.41[1.11-1.80],p<0.01])and in males(OR:1.26[1.06-1.51],p<0.01).An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM.Weekly EOH frequency≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose-response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups(poverall association<0.05 andpnonlinearity≤0.05).Conclusion:This study showed that a frequency of EOH(≥5 times/week)was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China.More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21788102, 22275055, 22025503, 22220102004, 21875064, and 21790361)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Basic Project Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (21ZR1417600)+5 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX03)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B16017)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (17520750100)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21JC1401700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe support of Research Center of Analysis and Test of East China University of Science and Technology for the help on the characterization。
文摘Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a workable strategy to fulfill the above task. However, how the molecular packing mode affects the intersystem crossing and RTP lifetime concurrently remains unclear so far. Herein, four economic small-molecular compounds, analogues of the famous drug raloxifene(RALO), are facilely synthesized and further explored as neat single-component and stimuli-responsive RTP emitters via crystallization engineering. Thanks to their simple structures and high ease to crystallize, these raloxifene analogues function as models to clarify the important role of molecular packing in the RTP and stimuliresponsiveness properties. Thorough combination of the single-crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations clearly manifests that the tight antiparallel molecular packing mode is the key point to their RTP behaviors. Interestingly, harnessing the controllable and reversible phase transitions of the two polymorphs of RALO-OAc driven by mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat, a single-component multilevel stimuli-responsive platform with tunable emission color is established and further exploited for optical information encryption. This work would shed light on the rational design of multi-stimuli responsive RTP systems based on single-component organics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 41877341)sub-project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2022YFD2301403-4).
文摘Background Globally increasing atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition has altered soil phosphorus(P) transforma-tions and availability, and thereby influenced structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Edaphic characteristics and chemical form of deposited N could be important factors determining impacts of N deposition on soil P transfor-mations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Objectives of this study were to examine how min-eral-N and amino N differently affect P fractions, and identify key soil properties determining N addition impacts on soil P transformations. Considering that amino N is an important component of deposited N and forest soils vary greatly in different regions, the results of present study can guide the management of forests across different soils under ongoing N deposition scenarios.Methods We conducted a 60-day laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of N addition(NH4NO3and gly-cine) on soil P fractions and related biochemical properties in four representative forest soils(brown, yellow brown, aeolian sandy, and red soils) in China. Glycine and NH4NO3were separately added at three rates(5, 10 and 20 g N m–2yr–1).Results Firstly, the percent changes in organic P fractions with N addition were significantly greater than changes in inorganic P fractions across all soils. Secondly, the percent changes in P fractions with glycine and NH4NO3addi-tions were significantly correlated across all soils and treatments. However, glycine addition had significantly greater impacts on organic P fractions than NH4NO3addition in the aeolian sandy and red soils with low organic carbon content. Thirdly, P fractions responded differently to N addition among the four soils. N-induced changes in microbial biomass and phosphatase activities, p H, exchangeable Ca2+and Mg2+contributed differently to the changes in P frac-tions with N addition in the four soils.Conclusions The different responses of P fractions to N addition in the four soils were mainly generated by the dif-ferences in extent of microbial N limitation, acid buffering capacity, and cation exchange capacity among the soils. The different impacts of mineral and amino N on soil P fractions can be ascribed to their divergent effects on soil p H, microbial biomass and activities.
文摘The fluidization behavior of ZnO nano-particles in magnetic fluidized bed （MFB） by adding coarse magnetic particles was investigated, followed by the co-fluidization of mixtures of ZnO and SiO2 nano-particles. For such co-fluidization, bed expansion was found to change smoothly with gas velocity through a range of stable operation. By measuring the bed expansion ratio and pressure drop, a stability diagram for the mixture in MFB was obtained. Within this stable operation range, with increasing gas velocity the pressure drop hardly changes as the bed expands, up to an expansion ratio of more than 4.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China(No.2003AA601040)the Program for the High-Level Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(No.2005-118).
文摘In order to control water pollution in the rapidly urbanizing South China area,biological contact oxidation(BCO)process and biological aerated filter(BAF)process were applied in a pilot-scale experiment for decentralized wastewater treatment.An investigation to find the optimal parameters of the two biofilm systems was conducted on hydraulic loading,organic loading,and aeration rate.The results indicated that the water reuse criteria required a maximum hydraulic and organic loading of 30.0 m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)and 4.0 kg COD/(m^(3)·d),respectively,as well as a minimum effluent DO of 4.0 mg/L.The utilization of a new media allowed BAF to perform better than BCO.The kinetic description of the COD removal process for BAF and BCO are Se=S0e^(-0.639t)/(1+1.035t),and S_(e)=S_(0)/[(1+0.947t)(1+1.242t)],respectively.The correlativity analysis showed that the two models could predict the effluent water quality based on the hydraulic retention time.Thus,the appropriate hydraulic loading for certain effluent water quality demands could be determined.The two models could be applied to wastewater treatment practice.
基金This study is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B2056,42004014,41974001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200530).
文摘The Wide-Lane(WL)and Narrow-Lane(NL)Uncalibrated Phase Delays(UPDs)are the prerequisites in the traditional Precise Point Positioning(PPP)Ambiguity Resolution(AR).As the generation mechanism of various biases becomes more complex,we systematically studied the impact factors of four satellite systems WL and NL UPDs from the perspective of parameter estimation.Approximately 100 stations in a global network are used to generate the UPDs.The results of different satellite systems show that the estimation method,update frequency,and solution mode need to be treated differently.Two regional networks with different receiver types,JAVAD,and Trimble,are also adopted.The results indicate that the receiver-dependent bias has an influence on UPD estimation.Also,the hardware delays can inhibit the satellite-side UPDs if these receiver-specific errors are not fully deployed or even misused.Furthermore,the temporal stability and residual distribution of NL UPDs are significantly enhanced by utilizing a regional network,with the improvements by over 68%and 40%,respectively.It demonstrates that different network scales exhibit the different implication of unmodeled errors,and the unmodeled errors cannot be ignored and must be handled in UPD estimation.
