Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida)petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles,and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment.Nevertheless,the r...Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida)petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles,and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment.Nevertheless,the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear.The present study characterized an activator RhMYB114 and a repressor RhMYB16,which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose.Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression,the introduction of RhMYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in pH in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco,whereas RhMYB16 introduction led to inverse effects.To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms,the yeast two-hybrid(Y2H),bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and dual-luciferase(LUC)were employed.The results showed that RhMYB16 competed with RhMYB114,bound to RhbHLH3 or RhbHLH33,and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification.Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving RhMYB114,which stimulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB16,whose encoded protein RhMYB16,in turn,negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB114.Therefore,this study underscores the pivotal roles of the RhMYB114eRhMYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification,offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.展开更多
The efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)solar cells is limited due to interfacial band misalignment and severe non-radiative recombination.ZnSnO(ZTO)is a promising Cd-free buffer layer,offering a potential for favorable band...The efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)solar cells is limited due to interfacial band misalignment and severe non-radiative recombination.ZnSnO(ZTO)is a promising Cd-free buffer layer,offering a potential for favorable band alignment with CZTS absorber.Here,we demonstrate that optimizing the temperature-dependent deposition during reactive magnetron sputtering significantly promotes elemental interdiffusion.For the proposed CZTS/ZTO interface,a favorable“spike-like”band alignment is achieved,effectively enhancing the carrier transport efficiency and reducing the interfacial defect density.Furthermore,Zn diffusion mitigates CuZn(that is,copper atoms sit at sites normally occupied by zinc atoms)antisite defects,reducing the non-radiative recombination and improving the absorber quality.Finally,the champion device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.90%by sputtering ZTO as buffer layer in CZTS solar cell so far,with a high open circuit voltage(VOC)of 740 mV and a fill factor(FF)of 61.79%.This strategy highlights the potential of sputtered ZTO as a scalable and eco-friendly buffer layer for Cd-free CZTS solar cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides ...BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides quantitative information regarding tissue elasticity,offering valuable insights into the mechanical properties of biological tissues.However,the application of real-time SWE in the musculoskeletal system and sports medicine has not been extensively studied.AIM To explore the practical value of real-time SWE for assessing Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.METHODS A total of 60 participants were enrolled in the present study,and differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons were compared among the following categories:(1)Age:55-60,60-65,and 65-70-years-old;(2)Sex:Male and female;(3)Laterality:Left and right sides;(4)Tendon state:Relaxed and tense state;and(5)Tendon segment:Proximal,middle,and distal.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons when comparing by age or sex(P>0.05).There were,however,significant differences when comparing by tendon side,state,or segment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Real-time SWE plays a significant role compared to other examination methods in the evaluation of Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.展开更多
Background:Shenyankangfu Tablet(SYKFT)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.Objective:This trial compared the efficacy and safety ...Background:Shenyankangfu Tablet(SYKFT)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.Objective:This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT,for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients,against the standard drug,losartan potassium.Design,setting,participants and intervention:This was a multicenter,double-blind,randomized,controlled clinical trial.Primary glomerulonephritis patients,aged 18-70 years,with blood pressure≤140/90 mmHg,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)>45 mL/min per 1.73 ㎡,and 24-hour proteinuria level of 0.5-3.0 g,were recruited in 41 hospitals across 19 provinces in China and were randomly divided into five groups:SYKFT,losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg,SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg.Main outcome measu res:The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level,after 48 weeks of treatment.Results:A total of 735 participants were enrolled.The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78%±2.56%(P=0.006)more than that in the losartan 50 mg group,which was 0.51%±2.54%(P=1.000)less than that in the losartan 100 mg group.Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39%±2.49%(P<0.001)greater reduction in urine protein level.Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77%±2.52%(P=0.001)greater reduction in urine protein.With a superiority threshold of 15%,neither was statistically significant.eGFR,serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant.The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT(-3.00[-6.00,-2.00])and who did not take SYKFT(-2.00[-5.00,0])was statistically significant(P=0.003).No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.Conclusion:SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients,with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR.SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone.Trial registration number:NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.展开更多
Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles（ENPs）, which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers ...Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles（ENPs）, which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers to be able to quantitatively characterise ENPs in the environment and subsequently to assist the risk assessment of the ENPs. This study hence explored the application of nanoparticle tracking system（NTA） to quantitatively describe the behaviour of the ENPs in natural sediment-water systems. The NTA allows the measurement of both particle number concentration（PNC） and particle size distribution（PSD） of the ENPs. The developed NTA method was applied to a range of gold and magnetite ENPs with a selection of surface properties. The results showed that the positively-charged ENPs interacted more strongly with the sediment than neutral and negatively-charged ENPs. It was also found that the citrate coated Au ENPs had a higher distribution percentage（53%） than 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated Au ENPs（20%） and citrate coated magnetite ENPs（21%）. The principles of the electrostatic interactions between hard（and soft） acids and bases（HSAB） are used to explain such behaviours; the hard base coating（i.e. citrate ions） will interact more strongly with hard acid（i.e. magnetite） than soft acid（i.e. gold）.The results indicate that NTA is a complementary method to existing approaches to characterise the fate and behaviour of ENPs in natural sediment.展开更多
BACKGROUND The number of end-stage renal disease patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis is increasing.Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)is a serious complication of per...BACKGROUND The number of end-stage renal disease patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis is increasing.Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis leading to technical failure and increased mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.The profile of clinical symptoms,distribution of pathogenic organisms,and response of PDAP to medical management in the subset of end-stage renal disease patients with DM have not been reported previously.Discrepant results have been found in long-term prognostic outcomes of PDAP in patients with DM.We inferred that DM is associated with bad outcomes in PDAP patients.AIM To compare the clinical features and outcomes of PDAP between patients with DM and those without.METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study,we enrolled patients who had at least one episode of PDAP during the study period.The patients were followed for a median of 31.1 mo.They were divided into a DM group and a non-DM group.Clinical features,therapeutic outcomes,and long-term prognostic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Risk factors associated with therapeutic outcomes of PDAP were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to examine the influence of DM on patient survival and incidence of technical failure.RESULTS Overall,373 episodes occurred in the DM group(n=214)and 692 episodes occurred in the non-DM group(n=395).The rates of abdominal pain and fever were similar in the two groups(P>0.05).The DM group had more infections with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and less infections with Escherichia coli(E.coli)as compared to the non-DM group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no association between the presence of diabetes and rates of complete cure,catheter removal,PDAP-related death,or relapse of PDAP(P>0.05).Patients in the DM group were older and had a higher burden of cardiovascular disease,with lower level of serum albumin,but a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(P<0.05).Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that the presence of diabetes was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality(hazard ratio=1.531,95%confidence interval:1.091-2.148,P<0.05),but did not predict the occurrence of technical failure(P>0.05).CONCLUSION PDAP patients with diabetes have similar symptomology and are predisposed to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus but not E.coli infection compared those without.Diabetes is associated with higher all-cause mortality but not therapeutic outcomes of PDAP.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of influenza.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Datab...OBJECTIVE: To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of influenza.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from thedate of inception until January 1,2013, for the literature on treatment of influenza with TCM.RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Of these trials, 2 compared a(modified) prescription of TCM with oseltamivir and 5 compared a patent traditional Chinese drug with oseltamivir. Based on the Meta-analysis,compared to oseltamivir, the(modified) prescription had similar effect in defervescence [WMD=5.66, 95% CI(﹣32.02, 43.35), P=0.77] and viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 6.21, 95% CI(﹣84.19, 71.76), P=0.88], and the patent traditional Chinese drug also had similar effect in viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 0.24,95% CI(﹣4.79, 4.31), P=0.92] but more effective in defervescence [WMD=﹣4.65, 95%CI(﹣8.91, ﹣0.38),P=0.03].CONCLUSION: TCM has potential positive effects in the treatment of influenza.展开更多
Genomic prediction(GP)in plant breeding has the potential to predict and identify the best-performing hybrids based on the genotypes of their parental lines.In a GP experiment,34 elite inbred lines were selected to ma...Genomic prediction(GP)in plant breeding has the potential to predict and identify the best-performing hybrids based on the genotypes of their parental lines.In a GP experiment,34 elite inbred lines were selected to make 285 single-cross hybrids in a partial-diallel cross design.These lines represented a mini-core collection of Chinese maize germplasm and comprised 18 inbred lines from the Stiff Stalk heterotic group and 16 inbred lines from the Non-Stiff Stalk heterotic group.The parents were genotyped by sequencing and the 285 hybrids were phenotyped for nine yield and yield-related traits at two locations in the summer sowing area(SUS)and three locations in the spring sowing area(SPS)in the main maizeproducing regions of China.Multiple GP models were employed to assess the accuracy of trait prediction in the hybrids.By ten-fold cross-validation,the prediction accuracies of yield performance of the hybrids estimated by the genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP)model in SUS and SPS were 0.51 and 0.46,respectively.The prediction accuracies of the remaining yield-related traits estimated with GBLUP ranged from 0.49 to 0.86 and from 0.53 to 0.89 in SUS and SPS,respectively.When additive,dominance,epistasis effects,genotype-by-environment interaction,and multi-trait effects were incorporated into the prediction model,the prediction accuracy of hybrid yield performance was improved.The ratio of training to testing population and size of training population optimal for yield prediction were determined.Multiple prediction models can improve prediction accuracy in hybrid breeding.展开更多
Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experime...Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experimentally for different ZVI/sand ratios （10%, 50% and 100%, W/W） with the aim of inferring porosity changes in field barriers. Column studies were conducted to simulate interaction with different water chemistries, a synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage and deionised （DI） water as control. Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography （CT）. CT image analysis revealed significant morphological changes in columns treated with different water chemistries. For example, 100% ZVI （W/W） columns had a higher frequency of small pores （0.6 mm） was observed in ZVI grains reacted with typical groundwater, resulting in a porosity of 27%, compared to 32% when exposed to DI water. In comparison, ZVI grains treated with the acidic drainage had higher porosity （44%） and larger average pore size （2.8 mm）. 10% ZVI PRB barrier material had the highest mean porosity （56%） after exposure to any water chemistry whilst 100% ZVI （W/W） columns always had the lowest （34%） with the 50% ZVI （W/W） in between （40%）. These results agree with previously published PRB field data and simultaneously conducted geochemical monitoring and mass balance calculation, indicating that both the geochemical and hydraulic environment of the PRB play an important role in determining barrier lifespan. This study suggests that X-ray CT image analysis is a powerful tool for studying the detailed inter pores between ZVI grains within PRBs.展开更多
With the increasing number of smart devices and the development of machine learning technology,the value of users’personal data is becoming more and more important.Based on the premise of protecting users’personal p...With the increasing number of smart devices and the development of machine learning technology,the value of users’personal data is becoming more and more important.Based on the premise of protecting users’personal privacy data,federated learning(FL)uses data stored on edge devices to realize training tasks by contributing training model parameters without revealing the original data.However,since FL can still leak the user’s original data by exchanging gradient information.The existing privacy protection strategy will increase the uplink time due to encryption measures.It is a huge challenge in terms of communication.When there are a large number of devices,the privacy protection cost of the system is higher.Based on these issues,we propose a privacy-preserving scheme of user-based group collaborative federated learning(GrCol-PPFL).Our scheme primarily divides participants into several groups and each group communicates in a chained transmission mechanism.All groups work in parallel at the same time.The server distributes a random parameter with the same dimension as the model parameter for each participant as a mask for the model parameter.We use the public datasets of modified national institute of standards and technology database(MNIST)to test the model accuracy.The experimental results show that GrCol-PPFL not only ensures the accuracy of themodel,but also ensures the security of the user’s original data when users collude with each other.Finally,through numerical experiments,we show that by changing the number of groups,we can find the optimal number of groups that reduces the uplink consumption time.展开更多
Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks is always one of the major problems for service providers.Using blockchain to detect DDoS attacks is one of the current popular methods.However,the problems of high time over...Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks is always one of the major problems for service providers.Using blockchain to detect DDoS attacks is one of the current popular methods.However,the problems of high time overhead and cost exist in the most of the blockchain methods for detecting DDoS attacks.This paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative detection method for DDoS attacks.First,the trained DDoS attack detection model is encrypted by the Intel Software Guard Extensions(SGX),which provides high security for uploading the DDoS attack detection model to the blockchain.Secondly,the service provider uploads the encrypted model to Inter Planetary File System(IPFS)and then a corresponding Content-ID(CID)is generated by IPFS which greatly saves the cost of uploading encrypted models to the blockchain.In addition,due to the small amount of model data,the time cost of uploading the DDoS attack detection model is greatly reduced.Finally,through the blockchain and smart contracts,the CID is distributed to other service providers,who can use the CID to download the corresponding DDoS attack detection model from IPFS.Blockchain provides a decentralized,trusted and tamper-proof environment for service providers.Besides,smart contracts and IPFS greatly improve the distribution efficiency of the model,while the distribution of CID greatly improves the efficiency of the transmission on the blockchain.In this way,the purpose of collaborative detection can be achieved,and the time cost of transmission on blockchain and IPFS can be considerably saved.We designed a blockchain-based DDoS attack collaborative detection framework to improve the data transmission efficiency on the blockchain,and use IPFS to greatly reduce the cost of the distribution model.In the experiment,compared with most blockchain-based method for DDoS attack detection,the proposed model using blockchain distribution shows the advantages of low cost and latency.The remote authentication mechanism of Intel SGX provides high security and integrity,and ensures the availability of distributed models.展开更多
Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime consume the least energy. The strict energy constraints are desired in the applications which work at the lowest possible supply voltage. On the other hand, the c...Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime consume the least energy. The strict energy constraints are desired in the applications which work at the lowest possible supply voltage. On the other hand, the conventional design flow utilizes the technology library provided by the foundry with a fixed voltage boundary, which causes problems when the supply scales down to the sub-threshold regime. In this paper, we present a design methodology to characterize the existing cell library with Liberty NCX to facilitate the standard design flow. It is demonstrated in 0.13 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） technology with the supply voltage of 300 mV.展开更多
Today, along with the prevalent use of portable equipment, wireless, and other battery powered systems, the demand for amplifiers with a high gain-bandwidth product（GBW）, slew rate（SR）, and at the same time very l...Today, along with the prevalent use of portable equipment, wireless, and other battery powered systems, the demand for amplifiers with a high gain-bandwidth product（GBW）, slew rate（SR）, and at the same time very low static power dissipation is growing. In this work, an operational transconductance amplifier（OTA） with an enhanced SR is proposed. By inserting a sensing resistor in the input port of the current mirror in the OTA, the voltage drop across the resistor is converted into an output current containing a term in proportion to the square of the voltage, and then the SR of the proposed OTA is significantly enhanced and the current dissipation can be reduced. The proposed OTA is designed and simulated with a 0.5μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） process. The simulation results show that the SR is 4.54V/μs, increased by 8.25 times than that of the conventional design, while the current dissipation is only 87.3%.展开更多
Due to small size and high occult,metacarpophalangeal fracturediagnosis displays a low accuracy in terms of fracture detection and locationin X-ray images.To efficiently detect metacarpophalangeal fractures on Xrayima...Due to small size and high occult,metacarpophalangeal fracturediagnosis displays a low accuracy in terms of fracture detection and locationin X-ray images.To efficiently detect metacarpophalangeal fractures on Xrayimages as the second opinion for radiologists,we proposed a novel onestageneural network namedMPFracNet based onRetinaNet.InMPFracNet,a deformable bottleneck block(DBB)was integrated into the bottleneckto better adapt to the geometric variation of the fractures.Furthermore,an integrated feature fusion module(IFFM)was employed to obtain morein-depth semantic and shallow detail features.Specifically,Focal Loss andBalanced L1 Loss were introduced to respectively attenuate the imbalancebetween positive and negative classes and the imbalance between detectionand location tasks.We assessed the proposed model on the test set andachieved an AP of 80.4%for the metacarpophalangeal fracture detection.To estimate the detection performance for fractures with different difficulties,the proposed model was tested on the subsets of metacarpal,phalangeal andtiny fracture test sets and achieved APs of 82.7%,78.5%and 74.9%,respectively.Our proposed framework has state-of-the-art performance for detectingmetacarpophalangeal fractures,which has a strong potential application valuein practical clinical environments.展开更多
With the increase of the clock frequency and silicon integration, power aware computing has become a critical concern in the design of the embedded processor and system-on-chip （SoC）. Dynamic voltage scaling （DVS）...With the increase of the clock frequency and silicon integration, power aware computing has become a critical concern in the design of the embedded processor and system-on-chip （SoC）. Dynamic voltage scaling （DVS） is an effective method for low-power designs. However, traditional DVS methods have two deficiencies. First, they have a conservative safety margin which is not necessary for most of the time. Second, they are exclusively concerned with the critical stage and ignore the significant potential free slack time of the noncritical stage. These factors lead to a large amount of power waste. In this paper, a novel pipeline structure with ultra-low power consumption is proposed. It cuts off the safety margin and takes use of the noncritical stages at the same time. A prototype pipeline is designed in 0.13 μm technology and analyzed. The result shows that a large amount of energy can be saved by using this structure. Compared with the fixed voltage case, 50% of the energy can be saved, and with respect to the traditional adaptive voltage scaling design, 37.8% of the energy can be saved.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171851)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(Grant No.LZ23C160003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang A&F University(Grant No.2016FR033)。
文摘Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida)petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles,and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment.Nevertheless,the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear.The present study characterized an activator RhMYB114 and a repressor RhMYB16,which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose.Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression,the introduction of RhMYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in pH in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco,whereas RhMYB16 introduction led to inverse effects.To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms,the yeast two-hybrid(Y2H),bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and dual-luciferase(LUC)were employed.The results showed that RhMYB16 competed with RhMYB114,bound to RhbHLH3 or RhbHLH33,and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification.Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving RhMYB114,which stimulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB16,whose encoded protein RhMYB16,in turn,negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB114.Therefore,this study underscores the pivotal roles of the RhMYB114eRhMYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification,offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472225)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515012041)+1 种基金Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research(No.2024B003)China and the Special Fund for the Cultivation of Independent Innovation Achievements of Postgraduate Students at Shenzhen University.
文摘The efficiency of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)solar cells is limited due to interfacial band misalignment and severe non-radiative recombination.ZnSnO(ZTO)is a promising Cd-free buffer layer,offering a potential for favorable band alignment with CZTS absorber.Here,we demonstrate that optimizing the temperature-dependent deposition during reactive magnetron sputtering significantly promotes elemental interdiffusion.For the proposed CZTS/ZTO interface,a favorable“spike-like”band alignment is achieved,effectively enhancing the carrier transport efficiency and reducing the interfacial defect density.Furthermore,Zn diffusion mitigates CuZn(that is,copper atoms sit at sites normally occupied by zinc atoms)antisite defects,reducing the non-radiative recombination and improving the absorber quality.Finally,the champion device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.90%by sputtering ZTO as buffer layer in CZTS solar cell so far,with a high open circuit voltage(VOC)of 740 mV and a fill factor(FF)of 61.79%.This strategy highlights the potential of sputtered ZTO as a scalable and eco-friendly buffer layer for Cd-free CZTS solar cells.
基金Supported by Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital Research Project,No.2019MS02.
文摘BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides quantitative information regarding tissue elasticity,offering valuable insights into the mechanical properties of biological tissues.However,the application of real-time SWE in the musculoskeletal system and sports medicine has not been extensively studied.AIM To explore the practical value of real-time SWE for assessing Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.METHODS A total of 60 participants were enrolled in the present study,and differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons were compared among the following categories:(1)Age:55-60,60-65,and 65-70-years-old;(2)Sex:Male and female;(3)Laterality:Left and right sides;(4)Tendon state:Relaxed and tense state;and(5)Tendon segment:Proximal,middle,and distal.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons when comparing by age or sex(P>0.05).There were,however,significant differences when comparing by tendon side,state,or segment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Real-time SWE plays a significant role compared to other examination methods in the evaluation of Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No.2014ZX09201021)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Major Projects(No.D181100000118002)。
文摘Background:Shenyankangfu Tablet(SYKFT)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.Objective:This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT,for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients,against the standard drug,losartan potassium.Design,setting,participants and intervention:This was a multicenter,double-blind,randomized,controlled clinical trial.Primary glomerulonephritis patients,aged 18-70 years,with blood pressure≤140/90 mmHg,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)>45 mL/min per 1.73 ㎡,and 24-hour proteinuria level of 0.5-3.0 g,were recruited in 41 hospitals across 19 provinces in China and were randomly divided into five groups:SYKFT,losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg,SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg or 100 mg.Main outcome measu res:The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level,after 48 weeks of treatment.Results:A total of 735 participants were enrolled.The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78%±2.56%(P=0.006)more than that in the losartan 50 mg group,which was 0.51%±2.54%(P=1.000)less than that in the losartan 100 mg group.Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39%±2.49%(P<0.001)greater reduction in urine protein level.Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group,the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77%±2.52%(P=0.001)greater reduction in urine protein.With a superiority threshold of 15%,neither was statistically significant.eGFR,serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant.The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT(-3.00[-6.00,-2.00])and who did not take SYKFT(-2.00[-5.00,0])was statistically significant(P=0.003).No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.Conclusion:SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients,with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR.SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone.Trial registration number:NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.
基金CEFIC LRI,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20130186)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2013QNA18)for funding this project
文摘Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles（ENPs）, which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers to be able to quantitatively characterise ENPs in the environment and subsequently to assist the risk assessment of the ENPs. This study hence explored the application of nanoparticle tracking system（NTA） to quantitatively describe the behaviour of the ENPs in natural sediment-water systems. The NTA allows the measurement of both particle number concentration（PNC） and particle size distribution（PSD） of the ENPs. The developed NTA method was applied to a range of gold and magnetite ENPs with a selection of surface properties. The results showed that the positively-charged ENPs interacted more strongly with the sediment than neutral and negatively-charged ENPs. It was also found that the citrate coated Au ENPs had a higher distribution percentage（53%） than 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated Au ENPs（20%） and citrate coated magnetite ENPs（21%）. The principles of the electrostatic interactions between hard（and soft） acids and bases（HSAB） are used to explain such behaviours; the hard base coating（i.e. citrate ions） will interact more strongly with hard acid（i.e. magnetite） than soft acid（i.e. gold）.The results indicate that NTA is a complementary method to existing approaches to characterise the fate and behaviour of ENPs in natural sediment.
文摘BACKGROUND The number of end-stage renal disease patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis is increasing.Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis leading to technical failure and increased mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.The profile of clinical symptoms,distribution of pathogenic organisms,and response of PDAP to medical management in the subset of end-stage renal disease patients with DM have not been reported previously.Discrepant results have been found in long-term prognostic outcomes of PDAP in patients with DM.We inferred that DM is associated with bad outcomes in PDAP patients.AIM To compare the clinical features and outcomes of PDAP between patients with DM and those without.METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study,we enrolled patients who had at least one episode of PDAP during the study period.The patients were followed for a median of 31.1 mo.They were divided into a DM group and a non-DM group.Clinical features,therapeutic outcomes,and long-term prognostic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Risk factors associated with therapeutic outcomes of PDAP were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to examine the influence of DM on patient survival and incidence of technical failure.RESULTS Overall,373 episodes occurred in the DM group(n=214)and 692 episodes occurred in the non-DM group(n=395).The rates of abdominal pain and fever were similar in the two groups(P>0.05).The DM group had more infections with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and less infections with Escherichia coli(E.coli)as compared to the non-DM group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no association between the presence of diabetes and rates of complete cure,catheter removal,PDAP-related death,or relapse of PDAP(P>0.05).Patients in the DM group were older and had a higher burden of cardiovascular disease,with lower level of serum albumin,but a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(P<0.05).Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that the presence of diabetes was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality(hazard ratio=1.531,95%confidence interval:1.091-2.148,P<0.05),but did not predict the occurrence of technical failure(P>0.05).CONCLUSION PDAP patients with diabetes have similar symptomology and are predisposed to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus but not E.coli infection compared those without.Diabetes is associated with higher all-cause mortality but not therapeutic outcomes of PDAP.
基金Supported by the Beijing 302 Hospital Inner Research Foundation(No.YNKT2012021)the PLA 12th Five-Year Grand Project for Key Techniques and Devices in Management of Infectious Diseases(No.BWS11J048)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of influenza.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from thedate of inception until January 1,2013, for the literature on treatment of influenza with TCM.RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Of these trials, 2 compared a(modified) prescription of TCM with oseltamivir and 5 compared a patent traditional Chinese drug with oseltamivir. Based on the Meta-analysis,compared to oseltamivir, the(modified) prescription had similar effect in defervescence [WMD=5.66, 95% CI(﹣32.02, 43.35), P=0.77] and viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 6.21, 95% CI(﹣84.19, 71.76), P=0.88], and the patent traditional Chinese drug also had similar effect in viral shedding [WMD=﹣ 0.24,95% CI(﹣4.79, 4.31), P=0.92] but more effective in defervescence [WMD=﹣4.65, 95%CI(﹣8.91, ﹣0.38),P=0.03].CONCLUSION: TCM has potential positive effects in the treatment of influenza.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272049,32261143757)Sustainable Development International Cooperation Program from Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(2022YFAG1002)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)the Agricultural Science&Technology Innovation Program(CAASZDRW202109)the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Genomic prediction(GP)in plant breeding has the potential to predict and identify the best-performing hybrids based on the genotypes of their parental lines.In a GP experiment,34 elite inbred lines were selected to make 285 single-cross hybrids in a partial-diallel cross design.These lines represented a mini-core collection of Chinese maize germplasm and comprised 18 inbred lines from the Stiff Stalk heterotic group and 16 inbred lines from the Non-Stiff Stalk heterotic group.The parents were genotyped by sequencing and the 285 hybrids were phenotyped for nine yield and yield-related traits at two locations in the summer sowing area(SUS)and three locations in the spring sowing area(SPS)in the main maizeproducing regions of China.Multiple GP models were employed to assess the accuracy of trait prediction in the hybrids.By ten-fold cross-validation,the prediction accuracies of yield performance of the hybrids estimated by the genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP)model in SUS and SPS were 0.51 and 0.46,respectively.The prediction accuracies of the remaining yield-related traits estimated with GBLUP ranged from 0.49 to 0.86 and from 0.53 to 0.89 in SUS and SPS,respectively.When additive,dominance,epistasis effects,genotype-by-environment interaction,and multi-trait effects were incorporated into the prediction model,the prediction accuracy of hybrid yield performance was improved.The ratio of training to testing population and size of training population optimal for yield prediction were determined.Multiple prediction models can improve prediction accuracy in hybrid breeding.
文摘Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experimentally for different ZVI/sand ratios （10%, 50% and 100%, W/W） with the aim of inferring porosity changes in field barriers. Column studies were conducted to simulate interaction with different water chemistries, a synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage and deionised （DI） water as control. Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography （CT）. CT image analysis revealed significant morphological changes in columns treated with different water chemistries. For example, 100% ZVI （W/W） columns had a higher frequency of small pores （0.6 mm） was observed in ZVI grains reacted with typical groundwater, resulting in a porosity of 27%, compared to 32% when exposed to DI water. In comparison, ZVI grains treated with the acidic drainage had higher porosity （44%） and larger average pore size （2.8 mm）. 10% ZVI PRB barrier material had the highest mean porosity （56%） after exposure to any water chemistry whilst 100% ZVI （W/W） columns always had the lowest （34%） with the 50% ZVI （W/W） in between （40%）. These results agree with previously published PRB field data and simultaneously conducted geochemical monitoring and mass balance calculation, indicating that both the geochemical and hydraulic environment of the PRB play an important role in determining barrier lifespan. This study suggests that X-ray CT image analysis is a powerful tool for studying the detailed inter pores between ZVI grains within PRBs.
基金supported by the Major science and technology project of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDKJ2020012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62162024 and 62162022)Key Projects in Hainan Province(Grant ZDYF2021GXJS003 and Grant ZDYF2020040).
文摘With the increasing number of smart devices and the development of machine learning technology,the value of users’personal data is becoming more and more important.Based on the premise of protecting users’personal privacy data,federated learning(FL)uses data stored on edge devices to realize training tasks by contributing training model parameters without revealing the original data.However,since FL can still leak the user’s original data by exchanging gradient information.The existing privacy protection strategy will increase the uplink time due to encryption measures.It is a huge challenge in terms of communication.When there are a large number of devices,the privacy protection cost of the system is higher.Based on these issues,we propose a privacy-preserving scheme of user-based group collaborative federated learning(GrCol-PPFL).Our scheme primarily divides participants into several groups and each group communicates in a chained transmission mechanism.All groups work in parallel at the same time.The server distributes a random parameter with the same dimension as the model parameter for each participant as a mask for the model parameter.We use the public datasets of modified national institute of standards and technology database(MNIST)to test the model accuracy.The experimental results show that GrCol-PPFL not only ensures the accuracy of themodel,but also ensures the security of the user’s original data when users collude with each other.Finally,through numerical experiments,we show that by changing the number of groups,we can find the optimal number of groups that reduces the uplink consumption time.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020040,ZDYF2021GXJS003)Major science and technology project of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDKJ2020012)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.62162022,62162024 and 61762033)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.620MS021)Opening Project of Shanghai Trusted Industrial Control Platform(Grant No.TICPSH202003005-ZC).
文摘Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks is always one of the major problems for service providers.Using blockchain to detect DDoS attacks is one of the current popular methods.However,the problems of high time overhead and cost exist in the most of the blockchain methods for detecting DDoS attacks.This paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative detection method for DDoS attacks.First,the trained DDoS attack detection model is encrypted by the Intel Software Guard Extensions(SGX),which provides high security for uploading the DDoS attack detection model to the blockchain.Secondly,the service provider uploads the encrypted model to Inter Planetary File System(IPFS)and then a corresponding Content-ID(CID)is generated by IPFS which greatly saves the cost of uploading encrypted models to the blockchain.In addition,due to the small amount of model data,the time cost of uploading the DDoS attack detection model is greatly reduced.Finally,through the blockchain and smart contracts,the CID is distributed to other service providers,who can use the CID to download the corresponding DDoS attack detection model from IPFS.Blockchain provides a decentralized,trusted and tamper-proof environment for service providers.Besides,smart contracts and IPFS greatly improve the distribution efficiency of the model,while the distribution of CID greatly improves the efficiency of the transmission on the blockchain.In this way,the purpose of collaborative detection can be achieved,and the time cost of transmission on blockchain and IPFS can be considerably saved.We designed a blockchain-based DDoS attack collaborative detection framework to improve the data transmission efficiency on the blockchain,and use IPFS to greatly reduce the cost of the distribution model.In the experiment,compared with most blockchain-based method for DDoS attack detection,the proposed model using blockchain distribution shows the advantages of low cost and latency.The remote authentication mechanism of Intel SGX provides high security and integrity,and ensures the availability of distributed models.
基金supported by the Important National S&T Special Project of China under Grant No.2011ZX01034-002-001-2
文摘Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime consume the least energy. The strict energy constraints are desired in the applications which work at the lowest possible supply voltage. On the other hand, the conventional design flow utilizes the technology library provided by the foundry with a fixed voltage boundary, which causes problems when the supply scales down to the sub-threshold regime. In this paper, we present a design methodology to characterize the existing cell library with Liberty NCX to facilitate the standard design flow. It is demonstrated in 0.13 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） technology with the supply voltage of 300 mV.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61274027the National Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuit under Grant No.9140c90503140c09048
文摘Today, along with the prevalent use of portable equipment, wireless, and other battery powered systems, the demand for amplifiers with a high gain-bandwidth product（GBW）, slew rate（SR）, and at the same time very low static power dissipation is growing. In this work, an operational transconductance amplifier（OTA） with an enhanced SR is proposed. By inserting a sensing resistor in the input port of the current mirror in the OTA, the voltage drop across the resistor is converted into an output current containing a term in proportion to the square of the voltage, and then the SR of the proposed OTA is significantly enhanced and the current dissipation can be reduced. The proposed OTA is designed and simulated with a 0.5μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） process. The simulation results show that the SR is 4.54V/μs, increased by 8.25 times than that of the conventional design, while the current dissipation is only 87.3%.
基金funded by the Research Fund for Foundation of Hebei University(DXK201914)the President of Hebei University(XZJJ201914)+1 种基金the Post-graduate’s Innovation Fund Project of Hebei University(HBU2022SS003)the Special Project for Cultivating College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability in Hebei Province(22E50041D).
文摘Due to small size and high occult,metacarpophalangeal fracturediagnosis displays a low accuracy in terms of fracture detection and locationin X-ray images.To efficiently detect metacarpophalangeal fractures on Xrayimages as the second opinion for radiologists,we proposed a novel onestageneural network namedMPFracNet based onRetinaNet.InMPFracNet,a deformable bottleneck block(DBB)was integrated into the bottleneckto better adapt to the geometric variation of the fractures.Furthermore,an integrated feature fusion module(IFFM)was employed to obtain morein-depth semantic and shallow detail features.Specifically,Focal Loss andBalanced L1 Loss were introduced to respectively attenuate the imbalancebetween positive and negative classes and the imbalance between detectionand location tasks.We assessed the proposed model on the test set andachieved an AP of 80.4%for the metacarpophalangeal fracture detection.To estimate the detection performance for fractures with different difficulties,the proposed model was tested on the subsets of metacarpal,phalangeal andtiny fracture test sets and achieved APs of 82.7%,78.5%and 74.9%,respectively.Our proposed framework has state-of-the-art performance for detectingmetacarpophalangeal fractures,which has a strong potential application valuein practical clinical environments.
基金supported by the Important National S&T Special Project of China under Grant No.2011ZX01034-002-001-2the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.ZYGX2009J026
文摘With the increase of the clock frequency and silicon integration, power aware computing has become a critical concern in the design of the embedded processor and system-on-chip （SoC）. Dynamic voltage scaling （DVS） is an effective method for low-power designs. However, traditional DVS methods have two deficiencies. First, they have a conservative safety margin which is not necessary for most of the time. Second, they are exclusively concerned with the critical stage and ignore the significant potential free slack time of the noncritical stage. These factors lead to a large amount of power waste. In this paper, a novel pipeline structure with ultra-low power consumption is proposed. It cuts off the safety margin and takes use of the noncritical stages at the same time. A prototype pipeline is designed in 0.13 μm technology and analyzed. The result shows that a large amount of energy can be saved by using this structure. Compared with the fixed voltage case, 50% of the energy can be saved, and with respect to the traditional adaptive voltage scaling design, 37.8% of the energy can be saved.
