代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)高度共存,两者在胰岛素抵抗、脂质稳态紊乱及慢性炎症等病理过程中相互促进。MASLD已被视为T2DM的重要共病基础,其显著增加了心血管事件、肝纤维化进展及全因死亡风险。2025年美国...代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)高度共存,两者在胰岛素抵抗、脂质稳态紊乱及慢性炎症等病理过程中相互促进。MASLD已被视为T2DM的重要共病基础,其显著增加了心血管事件、肝纤维化进展及全因死亡风险。2025年美国糖尿病学会(ADA)发布的MASLD共识报告Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in People with Diabetes:the Need for Screening and Early Intervention首次将MASLD纳入T2DM的系统管理框架,提出规范化的筛查、风险分层与干预建议,并强调降糖药物在改善肝脏脂肪沉积、炎症及纤维化方面的潜在治疗价值。本文综述了T2DM与MASLD的代谢交互作用机制,系统总结了主要降糖药物(包括肠促胰素类、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体激动剂等)改善MASLD的临床与转化医学证据;并基于肝纤维化程度及代谢共病,结合ADA共识提出从生活方式干预到药物选择的个体化管理策略,同时强调跨学科协作在T2DM-MASLD综合管理中的关键作用。展开更多
Understanding the genetic diversity–area relationship(GAR)is essential for comprehending how species adapt to environmental changes,as genetic diversity is an indicator of a species’adaptive potential.Variation in e...Understanding the genetic diversity–area relationship(GAR)is essential for comprehending how species adapt to environmental changes,as genetic diversity is an indicator of a species’adaptive potential.Variation in environmental adaptation capacity exists among species and animal taxa with different distribution areas,highlighting the importance of understanding the GAR.To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the GAR in terrestrial vertebrates,we assessed both haplotype diversity–area and nucleotide diversity–area relationships using 25,453 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI)sequences from 142 amphibian species,574 bird species,and 342 mammal species.We found that both measures of genetic diversity increased with species range size across major animal groups.Nevertheless,the GAR did not differ among animal groups,while haplotype diversity performed better than nucleotide diversity in profiling the GAR,as indicated by higher R2 values.The difference in the modeling fit may stem from the distinct biological and mathematical significance of nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity.These results suggest that the GAR follows similar rules among different animal taxa.Furthermore,haplotype diversity may serve as a more reliable indicator for assessing the potential effects of area size changes on animal populations and provide better guidance for conserving genetic diversity.展开更多
文摘代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)高度共存,两者在胰岛素抵抗、脂质稳态紊乱及慢性炎症等病理过程中相互促进。MASLD已被视为T2DM的重要共病基础,其显著增加了心血管事件、肝纤维化进展及全因死亡风险。2025年美国糖尿病学会(ADA)发布的MASLD共识报告Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in People with Diabetes:the Need for Screening and Early Intervention首次将MASLD纳入T2DM的系统管理框架,提出规范化的筛查、风险分层与干预建议,并强调降糖药物在改善肝脏脂肪沉积、炎症及纤维化方面的潜在治疗价值。本文综述了T2DM与MASLD的代谢交互作用机制,系统总结了主要降糖药物(包括肠促胰素类、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体激动剂等)改善MASLD的临床与转化医学证据;并基于肝纤维化程度及代谢共病,结合ADA共识提出从生活方式干预到药物选择的个体化管理策略,同时强调跨学科协作在T2DM-MASLD综合管理中的关键作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130013,32070434)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601601)+1 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK05010112,2019QZKK0304-02)Hainan Tropical Rainforest Conservation Research Project,ZDYF2023RDYL01(supported by the Hainan Institute of National Park,HINP,KY-24ZK02).
文摘Understanding the genetic diversity–area relationship(GAR)is essential for comprehending how species adapt to environmental changes,as genetic diversity is an indicator of a species’adaptive potential.Variation in environmental adaptation capacity exists among species and animal taxa with different distribution areas,highlighting the importance of understanding the GAR.To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the GAR in terrestrial vertebrates,we assessed both haplotype diversity–area and nucleotide diversity–area relationships using 25,453 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI)sequences from 142 amphibian species,574 bird species,and 342 mammal species.We found that both measures of genetic diversity increased with species range size across major animal groups.Nevertheless,the GAR did not differ among animal groups,while haplotype diversity performed better than nucleotide diversity in profiling the GAR,as indicated by higher R2 values.The difference in the modeling fit may stem from the distinct biological and mathematical significance of nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity.These results suggest that the GAR follows similar rules among different animal taxa.Furthermore,haplotype diversity may serve as a more reliable indicator for assessing the potential effects of area size changes on animal populations and provide better guidance for conserving genetic diversity.
