In 2021,The MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization in Zhejiang University had achieved several important results.First,a series of versatile organoboron catalysts were synthesized for rin...In 2021,The MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization in Zhejiang University had achieved several important results.First,a series of versatile organoboron catalysts were synthesized for ring-opening(co)polymerizations.Second,a catalyst-free polycondensation mechanism was proposed for the production of polyesters with high molecular weights.Third,a co-assembly method that can fabricate films and coatings with controllable structures and properties on various substrates was demonstrated,providing a platform for the construction of novel surface coatings.Forth,facile methods for producing high-productivity poly(propylene carbonate)and semicrystalline polyester have been discovered.And linear non-conjugated polyesters exhibiting yellow-green clusteroluminescence were developed for the first time.Fifth,a supramolecular prodrug nano-assembly strategy has been developed for reactive nitrogen species potentiated chemotherapy.Sixth,a series of tough and stiff supramolecular hydrogels with shape memory properties have been used for information encryption.Seventh,reversible fusion and fission of wet-spun graphene oxide fibers has been successfully achieved.Eighth,three non-conjugated polypeptides were synthesized and the mechanism of clusteroluminescence was studied.Ninth,a series of conducting covalent organic frameworks with high electrical conductivity and carrier mobility have been used as high-performance chemiresistor,electrocatalyst,and organic field-effect transistor.Tenth,the exploration of non-fused electron acceptors,and their photostable mechanism are exemplified for developing high-performance,low-cost and eco-friendly polymer solar cells.Finally,gel-grown long-range ordering bulk-heterojunctions has achieved improved X-ray detector performance.展开更多
Alpine glaciers in the central Tian Shan are an important indicator of climate change and also the freshwater tower for the transboundary countries in Central Asia. Knowledge about the glacier dynamics in the late Hol...Alpine glaciers in the central Tian Shan are an important indicator of climate change and also the freshwater tower for the transboundary countries in Central Asia. Knowledge about the glacier dynamics in the late Holocene, such as the Little Ice Age, and surface zones is still limited. In this study, two headwater basins, the Xiata and the Muzart basins, in the Harajoriha Mountain Range in northwestern China were selected to investigate the glacial landforms and glacier surface types using a combination of geomorphological mapping and remote sensing analysis. Several types of glacial landforms including glacial valleys, moraine complexes, moraine ridges, and trimlines were identified and manually digitized based on the 30 m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model, 10 m Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, and high-resolution images from Google Earth. In addition, an effective automated mapping algorithm was applied to the modern glaciers from a Landsat 8 scene using its optical and thermal bands to classify glacier facies, i.e. ice, snow, and slush zone, and supraglacial debris cover. Field trip to the forelands of the Aerqialeteer Glacier in the Xiata basin allowed detailed mapping of the proglacial environment and provided field checks for the mapping with GPS tracks and panoramic photos. Through this fused approach, the mapping results showed a combination of different sets of information connecting the glacier retreat since the late Holocene to contemporary glacier properties. They will be of particular value for future chronological reconstruction of past glacial events and for understanding how surface characteristics play a role in the heterogeneity of glacier responses to climate change.展开更多
China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particular...China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particularly in the Northeast China(NEC),where low temperature complicates crop residue management.Here,we examined the effects of cropping pattern adjustment on variations of CRB patterns in NEC during 2001-2021,utilizing the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area dataset,the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS)active fire dataset,and the high-accuracy crop planting area maps.Our results revealed an overall upward trend of 805.96 km^(2)/yr in NEC CRB from 2001 to 2021.The corn CRB area accounted for more than 50%of the total CRB area in each CRB-intensive year(2013-2021),and the increasing corn CRB generally aligns with the growing corn cultivation fields.A seasonal shift in CRB was found around 2017,with intensive CRB activities transitioning from both autumn and spring to primarily spring,particularly in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration aligned spatially with the shift.Moreover,the CRBs in spring of 2020 and 2021 were more severe than the major burning seasons in previous years,likely due to the disruptions during COVID-19 lockdowns.In certain years,the explanatory power of spring CRB on PM2.5 concentration was comparable to that of other natural factors,such as precipitation.This study underscores the critical need for sustained and region-specific strategies to tackle the challenges posed by CRBs.展开更多
Paired electrolysis of waste feedstocks holds an energy-efficient alternative for chemical production;however,the sluggish anodic oxidation limited the total efficiency under larger current density.Herein,we construct...Paired electrolysis of waste feedstocks holds an energy-efficient alternative for chemical production;however,the sluggish anodic oxidation limited the total efficiency under larger current density.Herein,we constructed ultralow-coordinated Ni species with Ni–O coordination number of∼3 via a hydrothermal synthesis-sulfidation-annealing process and electrochemical activation and demonstrated the vital role in accelerating the proton deintercalation and reactive oxygen intermediate·OH formation during electro-reforming polyethylene terephthalate hydrolysate(POR).The target catalyst NiCoSx/NF afforded a high formate productivity of 7.4 mmol cm^(−2)h^(−1)at∼600 mA cm^(−2)with a formate Faradic efficiency(FE_(formate))of 92.4%in POR and maintained a FE_(formate)of∼90%for 100 h at 2 A in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer.Coupling POR on NiCoSx/NF with carbon dioxide reduction reaction on oxygen vacancies enriched Vo-BiSnO reached effective concurrent formate production with 172.7%of FE_(formate)at 500 mA cm^(−2)and long-term stability.Such excellent performance shows the great prospect of electrocatalyst design by regulating the local metal environment.展开更多
Objective:Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding.The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate ...Objective:Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding.The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis(IHD)treatment.Methods:Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments,and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group.In the RCA group,0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber.The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis,which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant.The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline.Results:A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled,including RCA group(80 patients,110 sessions)and saline flushing group(79 patients,98 sessions).The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group(3.64%vs.20.41%,P<0.001).The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group((238.34±9.33)min vs.(221.73±34.10)min,P<0.001).The urea clearance index(Kt/V)in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference(1.12±0.34 vs.1.08±0.34,P=0.41).Conclusions:Compared with saline flushing,the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.展开更多
The aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of blood pressure （BP） variability in subjects with diabetic nephropathy （DN）, and identify the probable predictors affecting BP variability. Fifty-one c...The aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of blood pressure （BP） variability in subjects with diabetic nephropathy （DN）, and identify the probable predictors affecting BP variability. Fifty-one chronic kidney disease （CKD）-hypertensive patients without diabetes （NDN group） and sixty type 2 diabetic patients with overt DN （DN group） were enrolled in this study. The values of short-term BP variability were obtained from 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring （ABPM）. Variance analysis or nonparametric analysis revealed that 24-h systolic BP variability and night- time systolic BP variability of the DN group were significantly higher than those of the NDN group [（12.23±3.66） vs. （10.74±3.83） mmHg, P〈0.05; （11.23±4.82） vs. （9.48±3.69） mmHg, P〈0.05]. Then the patients of the DN group were divided into two groups according to glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc） level： Group A （HbA1c〈7%） and Group B （HbA1c〉7%）, and the t-test showed that patients in Group B had larger 24-h diastolic, daytime diastolic, and nighttime systolic/diastolic BP variability compared with Group A. In the DN group, partial correlation analysis revealed that HbAlc exhibited a strong association with 24-h diastolic, daytime diastolic, nighttime systolic and diastolic BP vari- ability （P〈0.001, P〈0.001, P〈0.05, and P〈0.001, respectively）. Taken together, larger short-term BP variability was detected in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy and renal insufficiency. It may imply that the optimal BP variability level could benefit from a better glycaemic control.展开更多
In this paper, we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accom- panied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis. An elderly female patient with diabetic neph- r...In this paper, we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accom- panied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis. An elderly female patient with diabetic neph- ropathy presented with severe pain, numbness, and an increasing swelling in the left hip and left thigh after six ses- sions of hemodialysis involving the use of an antiplatelet drug and an anticoagulant agent. Her hemoglobin decreased to 46 g/L. An abdominal ultrasound showed a hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space, and computed tomography (CT) findings revealed a 6 cm×8 cm×10 cm hematoma in the left psoas muscle. After aggressive supportive therapy [the administration of packed red blood cell transfusion, carbazochrome sodium sulfonate injection, and continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)], the patient's vital signs stabilized and her hemoglobin increased to 86 g/L. Repeat CT showed that the hematoma had been partially absorbed after two weeks. Eventually, the patient was discharged with stable vital signs. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage, particularly in patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing hemodialysis involving the use of anticoagulant agents.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between adiponectin and metabolic syndrome （MetS） and related diseases in older adults from major cities of China. Methods A total of 2 049 adults at the age of 60-96 years f...Objective To investigate the association between adiponectin and metabolic syndrome （MetS） and related diseases in older adults from major cities of China. Methods A total of 2 049 adults at the age of 60-96 years from18 major cities of China were enrolled in the study. Plasma adiponectin and insulin concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）. The definitions proposed by International Diabetes Federation （IDF） and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood/nstitute （AHA/NLHBI） were used to identify MetS. Results The adiponectin concentration increased with the advance of age and was higher in women than in men. The sex specific adiponectin concentration was inversely correlated with body mass index （BMI）, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose and fasting blood insulin, and positively correlated with HDL-C （P〈0.001）. The adiponectin concentration decreased with increasing MetS components. Compared with the 4th sex-specific adiponectin quartile, the odds ratio （OR） for prevalent MetS-IDF and MetS-AHA/NLHBI in subjects of the 1st quartile group was 3.25 （95% CI： 2.24, 4.71） and 3.21 （95% CI： 2.26, 4.55）, respectively. The association was independent of age, sex, life-style factors, medication, family history of chronic diseases, BMI, and HOMA-IR, The OR for MetS was much higher than those of MetS components and its related diseases. Conclusion Adiponectin is strongly associated with MetS independent of insulin resistance and obesity in older adults from major cities in China. The adiponectin concentration is a useful predictor for the risk of MetS.展开更多
Nanocomposites composed of SnO2 and CuO were prepared by hydrothermal method. The microstructures of obtained SnO2-CuO powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electr...Nanocomposites composed of SnO2 and CuO were prepared by hydrothermal method. The microstructures of obtained SnO2-CuO powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The results show that the nanocomposites exhibited coral-like nanostructure, and the average crystalline size of SnO2 was 12 nm. The specific surface area of the four samples, SnO2- 0.2CuO, SnO2-0.5CuO, SnO2-1.0CuO and SnO2-2.0CuO are 72.97, 58.77, 49.72 and 54.95 m2/g, respectively. The gas sensing performance of the four samples to ethanol, formaldehyde and H2S was studied. The sensor of SnOa-0.5CuO exhibited high response to hydrogen sulfide （4173 to 10 ppm H2S, where ppm represent 10-6）, and low response to ethanol and formaldehyde. The good selectivity exhibited that the SnO2-0.5CuO nanocomposite can be a promising candidate for highly sensitive and selective gas-sensing material to H2S.展开更多
Objective:To probe into the relationships between PTEN gene expression,the promoter methylation and gastric cancer and its clinical pathological specific features.Methods:We analyzed the PTEN gene promoter methylation...Objective:To probe into the relationships between PTEN gene expression,the promoter methylation and gastric cancer and its clinical pathological specific features.Methods:We analyzed the PTEN gene promoter methylation and mRNA expression status in gastric cancer tissues and its adjacent normal tissues by methylation specific PCR(MSP) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) techniques.Results:PTEN promoters in 48.2%(27/56) gastric cancer tissues and 3.6(2/56) adjacent normal tissues were methylated and the PTEN promoter methylation rate in carcinoma tissues was obviously higher(P < 0.05).Of the 2 cases where the adjacent gastric tissues were methylated,the gastric cancer tissues were both methylated.Of the 29 gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis,19 had their PTEN gene promoters methylated and the PTEN gene promoter methylation in cases with lymph node metastasis was obviously higher than that without lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05).RT-PCR result showed that no expression of PTEN mRNA existed in any of the methylated gastric cancer tissues.Conclusion:The expression loss of PTEN gene mRNA in gastric cancers is related to their promoter methylation and might be one of the reasons for the generation,development and metastasis of gastric cancers.展开更多
In this paper,we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accompanied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis.An elderly female patient with diabetic nephropathy...In this paper,we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accompanied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis.An elderly female patient with diabetic nephropathy presented with severe pain,numbness,and an increasing swelling in the left hip and left thigh after six sessions of hemodialysis involving the use of an antiplatelet drug and an anticoagulant agent.Her hemoglobin decreased to 46 g/L.An abdominal ultrasound showed a hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space,and computed tomography(CT) findings revealed a 6 cm×8 cm×10 cm hematoma in the left psoas muscle.After aggressive supportive therapy [the administration of packed red blood cell transfusion,carbazochrome sodium sulfonate injection,and continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH)],the patient's vital signs stabilized and her hemoglobin increased to 86 g/L.Repeat CT showed that the hematoma had been partially absorbed after two weeks.Eventually,the patient was discharged with stable vital signs.Physicians should be aware of the possibility of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage,particularly in patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing hemodialysis involving the use of anticoagulant agents.展开更多
Ultra-thin two-dimensional(2D)organic semiconductors are promising candidates for photocatalysts because of the short charge diffusion pathway and favorable exposure of active sites plus the versatile architecture.Non...Ultra-thin two-dimensional(2D)organic semiconductors are promising candidates for photocatalysts because of the short charge diffusion pathway and favorable exposure of active sites plus the versatile architecture.Nonetheless,the inherent dielectric confinement of 2D materials will induce a strong exciton effect hampering the charge separation.Herein,we demonstrated an effective way to reduce the dielectric confinement effect of 2D ionic covalent organic nanosheets(iCONs)by tailoring the functional group via molecular engineering.Three ultra-thin CONs with different functional groups and the same ionic moieties were synthesized through Schiff base condensation between ionic amino monomer triaminoguanidinium chloride(TG)and aldehyde linkers.The integration of the hydroxyl group was found to significantly increase the dielectric constant by enhancing the polarizability of ionic moieties,and thus reduced the dielectric confinement and the corresponding exciton binding energy(E_(b)).The champion hydroxyl-functional iCON exhibited promoted exciton dissociation and in turn a high photocatalytic hydrogen production rate under visible-light irradiation.This work provided insights into the rationalization of the dielectric confinement effect of low-dimensional photocatalysts.展开更多
In this paper, electronic nose (E-nose) was used to discriminate the 11 Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) from Umbelliferae by the difference of their odors. The E-nose generated data were analyzed by discriminant function...In this paper, electronic nose (E-nose) was used to discriminate the 11 Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) from Umbelliferae by the difference of their odors. The E-nose generated data were analyzed by discriminant function analysis (DFA) and the responses of 18 sensors of E-nose were evaluated by CA analysis. Results showed that a rapid evaluation of complex response of the samples could be obtained, in combination with DFA, SQC and the CA analysis of the E-nose was given better results in the recognition values of the odor of the 11 CMM. All the 11 CMM could be distinguished by E-nose coupled with DFA, sensor 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13 and 15 were found to be able to better discriminate between the CMM samples. The CMM from Umbelliferae produced from different areas and processed with different methods could be distinguished by the E-nose, too. The results of the similarity of fingerprints of the E-nose are fitted with the TCM records about the property (yaoxing), channel tropism (guijing), function and usage of the CMM. The E-nose is a technology that can reflect the holistic odor of a CMM and is relevant to the TCM doctor’s practical identification. The odor of CMM can be expressed by objective data instead of subjective sense by human nose. Based on the sensor`s intensity of E-nose, the fingerprint of a CMM can be established, too. Although the E-nose has so many advantages, only use E-nose technology is not enough to control the quality of a CMM. It must be combined with the other macroscopic discriminating technology, such as the E-tongue, the E-eye, to have a holistic evaluation of a CMM.展开更多
Hemodialysis is the main method of clinical renal replacement therapy, and its effectiveness and safety have been widely confirmed. High-flux hemodialysis, as a constantly updating new mode in the field of blood purif...Hemodialysis is the main method of clinical renal replacement therapy, and its effectiveness and safety have been widely confirmed. High-flux hemodialysis, as a constantly updating new mode in the field of blood purification, has effectively improved the efficiency of hemodialysis and reduced the incidence of hemodialysis complications. High-flux hemodialysis has been widely used in clinical practice, and mainly plays its role through adsorption, convection and dispersion. High-flux hemodialysis has some advantages not possessed by conventional hemodialysis, including protecting injured renal function, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients, improving the patients' nutritional status, reducing the occurrence of renal osteopathy and delaying the occurrence time of dialysis-associated amyloidosis. However, high-flux hemodialysis also has some limitations, such as the elimination of drugs and nutrients, and the backfiltration caused by increased pressure on the dialysis membrane and dialysate side. In this review, the related progress of high-flux hemodialysis in clinical application, mechanism, complications and treatment are discussed in order to provide a reference for its more rational clinical use.展开更多
Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)is one of the most important oil crops in the world.However,study on marker-free transgene of B.napus for bio-safety purpose is limited in this allotetraploid crop.In order to advance ma...Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)is one of the most important oil crops in the world.However,study on marker-free transgene of B.napus for bio-safety purpose is limited in this allotetraploid crop.In order to advance marker gene excision research,a newly designed Cre/lox system combining crossing and auto-excision strategy was introduced into B.napus.The system consists of 2 sets of independent vectors including pC35 Spro::T7 RP carrying T7 RNA polymerase and pCT7 pro::Cre carrying T7 promoter respectively.After hybridization of 2 according types of transgenic B.napus,marker gene would be removed as T7 RNA polymerase facilitate T7 promoter to promote Cre gene expression.Totally 52 and 46 positive To transgenic lines of these 2 vectors were obtained after identification by PCR and test trip.T1 plants from 3 T0 positive pC35 Spro::T7 RP lines and 2 T0 positive pC35 Spro::T7 RP lines were identified as single copy according to segregation ratio and were chosen for crossing.However,expression of CP4 EPSPS(glyphosate resistance gene)and OXY(bromoxynil resistance gene)were not found in F1 progeny,which proved that the excision was not complete.The possible reasons for our limited success were investigated and detailed analyses were performed.Although this system is not applicable for generating transgenic B.napus free from selectable marker gene,it provided valuable experience and clue for further improvement of this technique.Many other advantages and further improvement will be progressed in future work.展开更多
BraLTP1 is an important member of lipid transfer protein family in Brassica napus.The aim of current study was to detect, classify and follow variations in metabolite profiling of B. napus with overexpression of BraLT...BraLTP1 is an important member of lipid transfer protein family in Brassica napus.The aim of current study was to detect, classify and follow variations in metabolite profiling of B. napus with overexpression of BraLTP1. In this study, metabolic change in leaves of BraLTP1-overexpressing B. napus plants (BraLTP1-22) and negative control (BraLTP1-22N) was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Statistical strategy of principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify related difference metabolites. PCA score plots indicated not only high reproducibility of various treatments, but also significant difference of metabolite levels between different treatments. PCA loading plots indicated main responsible metabolites and a total of 50 metabolites were quantitatively determined. A wide range of metabolites were detected due to BraLTP1 overexpression,including biosynthesis and metabolism of sugars, amino acids, ammoniums compounds and organic acids. Furthermore, concentrations of 17 amino acids were determined for other set of samples by amino acids component analysis assay. The link between metabolite variations and phenotype were also discussed in BraLTP1-overexpressing B. napus.This work will help to gain insight into BraLTP1 function in B. napus in metabolism.展开更多
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second largest oil crop in the world. However, transformation efficiency of rapeseed still needs to be improved. To evaluate non-procedural factors (e.g. explants, section of explant, ...Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second largest oil crop in the world. However, transformation efficiency of rapeseed still needs to be improved. To evaluate non-procedural factors (e.g. explants, section of explant, marker genes and number of exogenous genes) effects on transformation efficiency, 6-day-old hypocotyl explants from in vitro grown seedlings were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strain GV3101 harboring a binary vector using optimized transformation procedure. Results showed that normal maturing variety ‘Zhongshuang 6 (ZS6)’ had the highest overall capacity to produce rooted shoots among 5 common varieties and 6 early maturing varieties, with green callus induction rate 81.45% and shoot regeneration rate 21.66%. Early maturing variety 14M645 has relatively high regeneration rate (4.69%) and one of the shortest growth periods (107.54 d). Data showed that choosing neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (NPTII) as selectable marker led to the best transformation rate (17.38%). Selecting upper hypocotyl segments near cotyledon as explant provided the higest transformation efficiency, with regeneration rate of 25.59% when using NPTII as selectable marker and 22.19% for Bar. B. napus transformed with single gene showed higher transformation frequency than vectors with multiple genes,highlighting difficulty of multiple gene transformation. This work helped to further improve genetic transformation of B. napus by optimizing factors that impact transformation efficiency,and it would ultimately improve research in transgenic B. napus varieties with commercial potential.展开更多
BraLTP2 is an important member of lipid transfer protein family, and its molecular biology function in Brassica napus （B. napus） had been explored by prerious study. How-ever, affection of BraLTP2 on secondary metab...BraLTP2 is an important member of lipid transfer protein family, and its molecular biology function in Brassica napus （B. napus） had been explored by prerious study. How-ever, affection of BraLTP2 on secondary metabolites is still not clear. In this study, we inves-tigated difference of leaf secondary metabolite profling between BraLTP2 overexpressing B. napus and wild type. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS） was utilized. Wide range of secondary metabolites was found in BraLTP2 overexpressing plants. A total of 100 secondary metabolites were determined, 42 of which had signifcant differ-ences, including favonoids, phenylpropanoids and phenolamides. These results were in accordance with signifcant increasing trichomes of overexpressing BraLTP2 plants, which might produce and store secondary metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant anal-ysis （PLS-DA） was performed to identify difference of secondary metabolites. PLS-DA score plots showed high reproducibility of each treatment. Signifcant changes were found between transformed and wild type. Permutation test validates the reliability rigorously. Fur-thermore, overexpressing of BraLTP2 led to seed germination improvement during the frst 48 h under oxidation stress. Increased oxidation resistance of transgenic B. napus was in accordance with the signifcant variations of phenylpropanoids, phenylpropanoids and phe-nolamides.This work was supported by Central Public-interest Scientifc Institution Basal Research Fund, Major Research Project of CAAS Science and National Genetically Modifed Organisms Breeding Major Projects China （2018ZX0801023B）.展开更多
Background:Spatiotemporal disparities exist in the disease burden of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)attributable to kidney dysfunction,which has been poorly assessed.The present study aimed to evaluate the spatiotempo...Background:Spatiotemporal disparities exist in the disease burden of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)attributable to kidney dysfunction,which has been poorly assessed.The present study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of the global burden of NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction and to predict future trends.Methods:Data on NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction,quantified using deaths and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs),were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Injuries,and Risk Factors(GBD)Study in 2019.Estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)of age-standardized rate(ASR)was calculated with linear regression to assess the changing trend.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between ASR and sociodemographic index(SDI)for 21 GBD regions.A Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model was used to predict future trends up to 2040.Results:Between 1990 and 2019,the absolute number of deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction increased globally.The death cases increased from 1,571,720(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:1,344,420-1,805,598)in 1990 to 3,161,552(95%UI:2,723,363-3,623,814)in 2019 for both sexes combined.Both the ASR of death and DALYs increased in Andean Latin America,the Caribbean,Central Latin America,Southeast Asia,Oceania,and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa.In contrast,the age-standardized metrics decreased in the high-income Asia Pacific region.The relationship between SDI and ASR of death and DALYs was negatively correlated.The BAPC model indicated that there would be approximately 5,806,780 death cases and 119,013,659 DALY cases in 2040 that could be attributed to kidney dysfunction.Age-standardized death of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and CKD attributable to kidney dysfunction were predicted to decrease and increase from 2020 to 2040,respectively.Conclusion:NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction remain a major public health concern worldwide.Efforts are required to attenuate the death and disability burden,particularly in low and low-to-middle SDI regions.展开更多
基金the support from the SCI-TECH Academy of Zhejiang University。
文摘In 2021,The MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization in Zhejiang University had achieved several important results.First,a series of versatile organoboron catalysts were synthesized for ring-opening(co)polymerizations.Second,a catalyst-free polycondensation mechanism was proposed for the production of polyesters with high molecular weights.Third,a co-assembly method that can fabricate films and coatings with controllable structures and properties on various substrates was demonstrated,providing a platform for the construction of novel surface coatings.Forth,facile methods for producing high-productivity poly(propylene carbonate)and semicrystalline polyester have been discovered.And linear non-conjugated polyesters exhibiting yellow-green clusteroluminescence were developed for the first time.Fifth,a supramolecular prodrug nano-assembly strategy has been developed for reactive nitrogen species potentiated chemotherapy.Sixth,a series of tough and stiff supramolecular hydrogels with shape memory properties have been used for information encryption.Seventh,reversible fusion and fission of wet-spun graphene oxide fibers has been successfully achieved.Eighth,three non-conjugated polypeptides were synthesized and the mechanism of clusteroluminescence was studied.Ninth,a series of conducting covalent organic frameworks with high electrical conductivity and carrier mobility have been used as high-performance chemiresistor,electrocatalyst,and organic field-effect transistor.Tenth,the exploration of non-fused electron acceptors,and their photostable mechanism are exemplified for developing high-performance,low-cost and eco-friendly polymer solar cells.Finally,gel-grown long-range ordering bulk-heterojunctions has achieved improved X-ray detector performance.
文摘Alpine glaciers in the central Tian Shan are an important indicator of climate change and also the freshwater tower for the transboundary countries in Central Asia. Knowledge about the glacier dynamics in the late Holocene, such as the Little Ice Age, and surface zones is still limited. In this study, two headwater basins, the Xiata and the Muzart basins, in the Harajoriha Mountain Range in northwestern China were selected to investigate the glacial landforms and glacier surface types using a combination of geomorphological mapping and remote sensing analysis. Several types of glacial landforms including glacial valleys, moraine complexes, moraine ridges, and trimlines were identified and manually digitized based on the 30 m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model, 10 m Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, and high-resolution images from Google Earth. In addition, an effective automated mapping algorithm was applied to the modern glaciers from a Landsat 8 scene using its optical and thermal bands to classify glacier facies, i.e. ice, snow, and slush zone, and supraglacial debris cover. Field trip to the forelands of the Aerqialeteer Glacier in the Xiata basin allowed detailed mapping of the proglacial environment and provided field checks for the mapping with GPS tracks and panoramic photos. Through this fused approach, the mapping results showed a combination of different sets of information connecting the glacier retreat since the late Holocene to contemporary glacier properties. They will be of particular value for future chronological reconstruction of past glacial events and for understanding how surface characteristics play a role in the heterogeneity of glacier responses to climate change.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1500200)the funding project of Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geologi-cal Survey(Grant No.QCJJ2022-9)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Pro-gram of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28060100)the Youth Interdisciplinary Team Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(JCTD-2021-04)the Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CAS-WX2021PY-0109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41971078,42271375,72221002,42001378).
文摘China’s endeavors to mitigate recurrent crop residue burning(CRB)and improve air quality have yielded positive results owing to recent pollution prevention policies.Nonetheless,persistent challenges remain,particularly in the Northeast China(NEC),where low temperature complicates crop residue management.Here,we examined the effects of cropping pattern adjustment on variations of CRB patterns in NEC during 2001-2021,utilizing the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area dataset,the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS)active fire dataset,and the high-accuracy crop planting area maps.Our results revealed an overall upward trend of 805.96 km^(2)/yr in NEC CRB from 2001 to 2021.The corn CRB area accounted for more than 50%of the total CRB area in each CRB-intensive year(2013-2021),and the increasing corn CRB generally aligns with the growing corn cultivation fields.A seasonal shift in CRB was found around 2017,with intensive CRB activities transitioning from both autumn and spring to primarily spring,particularly in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration aligned spatially with the shift.Moreover,the CRBs in spring of 2020 and 2021 were more severe than the major burning seasons in previous years,likely due to the disruptions during COVID-19 lockdowns.In certain years,the explanatory power of spring CRB on PM2.5 concentration was comparable to that of other natural factors,such as precipitation.This study underscores the critical need for sustained and region-specific strategies to tackle the challenges posed by CRBs.
基金We highly thank the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 22222806,22178162,22072065,and 22408170)the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220053)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0206900)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(grant JNHB-035)Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)through Low Carbon Energy Research Finding Initiative(LCERFI01-0033|U2102d2006).
文摘Paired electrolysis of waste feedstocks holds an energy-efficient alternative for chemical production;however,the sluggish anodic oxidation limited the total efficiency under larger current density.Herein,we constructed ultralow-coordinated Ni species with Ni–O coordination number of∼3 via a hydrothermal synthesis-sulfidation-annealing process and electrochemical activation and demonstrated the vital role in accelerating the proton deintercalation and reactive oxygen intermediate·OH formation during electro-reforming polyethylene terephthalate hydrolysate(POR).The target catalyst NiCoSx/NF afforded a high formate productivity of 7.4 mmol cm^(−2)h^(−1)at∼600 mA cm^(−2)with a formate Faradic efficiency(FE_(formate))of 92.4%in POR and maintained a FE_(formate)of∼90%for 100 h at 2 A in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer.Coupling POR on NiCoSx/NF with carbon dioxide reduction reaction on oxygen vacancies enriched Vo-BiSnO reached effective concurrent formate production with 172.7%of FE_(formate)at 500 mA cm^(−2)and long-term stability.Such excellent performance shows the great prospect of electrocatalyst design by regulating the local metal environment.
基金the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence from West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.ZYGD18027)。
文摘Objective:Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding.The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis(IHD)treatment.Methods:Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments,and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group.In the RCA group,0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber.The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis,which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant.The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline.Results:A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled,including RCA group(80 patients,110 sessions)and saline flushing group(79 patients,98 sessions).The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group(3.64%vs.20.41%,P<0.001).The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group((238.34±9.33)min vs.(221.73±34.10)min,P<0.001).The urea clearance index(Kt/V)in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference(1.12±0.34 vs.1.08±0.34,P=0.41).Conclusions:Compared with saline flushing,the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.
基金Project (Nos.2011SZ0215 and 2012SZ0027) supported by the Science and Technology Research Projects of Sichuan Province,China
文摘The aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of blood pressure （BP） variability in subjects with diabetic nephropathy （DN）, and identify the probable predictors affecting BP variability. Fifty-one chronic kidney disease （CKD）-hypertensive patients without diabetes （NDN group） and sixty type 2 diabetic patients with overt DN （DN group） were enrolled in this study. The values of short-term BP variability were obtained from 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring （ABPM）. Variance analysis or nonparametric analysis revealed that 24-h systolic BP variability and night- time systolic BP variability of the DN group were significantly higher than those of the NDN group [（12.23±3.66） vs. （10.74±3.83） mmHg, P〈0.05; （11.23±4.82） vs. （9.48±3.69） mmHg, P〈0.05]. Then the patients of the DN group were divided into two groups according to glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc） level： Group A （HbA1c〈7%） and Group B （HbA1c〉7%）, and the t-test showed that patients in Group B had larger 24-h diastolic, daytime diastolic, and nighttime systolic/diastolic BP variability compared with Group A. In the DN group, partial correlation analysis revealed that HbAlc exhibited a strong association with 24-h diastolic, daytime diastolic, nighttime systolic and diastolic BP vari- ability （P〈0.001, P〈0.001, P〈0.05, and P〈0.001, respectively）. Taken together, larger short-term BP variability was detected in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy and renal insufficiency. It may imply that the optimal BP variability level could benefit from a better glycaemic control.
文摘In this paper, we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accom- panied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis. An elderly female patient with diabetic neph- ropathy presented with severe pain, numbness, and an increasing swelling in the left hip and left thigh after six ses- sions of hemodialysis involving the use of an antiplatelet drug and an anticoagulant agent. Her hemoglobin decreased to 46 g/L. An abdominal ultrasound showed a hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space, and computed tomography (CT) findings revealed a 6 cm×8 cm×10 cm hematoma in the left psoas muscle. After aggressive supportive therapy [the administration of packed red blood cell transfusion, carbazochrome sodium sulfonate injection, and continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)], the patient's vital signs stabilized and her hemoglobin increased to 86 g/L. Repeat CT showed that the hematoma had been partially absorbed after two weeks. Eventually, the patient was discharged with stable vital signs. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage, particularly in patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing hemodialysis involving the use of anticoagulant agents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671750)
文摘Objective To investigate the association between adiponectin and metabolic syndrome （MetS） and related diseases in older adults from major cities of China. Methods A total of 2 049 adults at the age of 60-96 years from18 major cities of China were enrolled in the study. Plasma adiponectin and insulin concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）. The definitions proposed by International Diabetes Federation （IDF） and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood/nstitute （AHA/NLHBI） were used to identify MetS. Results The adiponectin concentration increased with the advance of age and was higher in women than in men. The sex specific adiponectin concentration was inversely correlated with body mass index （BMI）, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose and fasting blood insulin, and positively correlated with HDL-C （P〈0.001）. The adiponectin concentration decreased with increasing MetS components. Compared with the 4th sex-specific adiponectin quartile, the odds ratio （OR） for prevalent MetS-IDF and MetS-AHA/NLHBI in subjects of the 1st quartile group was 3.25 （95% CI： 2.24, 4.71） and 3.21 （95% CI： 2.26, 4.55）, respectively. The association was independent of age, sex, life-style factors, medication, family history of chronic diseases, BMI, and HOMA-IR, The OR for MetS was much higher than those of MetS components and its related diseases. Conclusion Adiponectin is strongly associated with MetS independent of insulin resistance and obesity in older adults from major cities in China. The adiponectin concentration is a useful predictor for the risk of MetS.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51072141)the scientific research projects of Education Department of Hubei province (D20141503)the President Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology (No. 2014029)
文摘Nanocomposites composed of SnO2 and CuO were prepared by hydrothermal method. The microstructures of obtained SnO2-CuO powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The results show that the nanocomposites exhibited coral-like nanostructure, and the average crystalline size of SnO2 was 12 nm. The specific surface area of the four samples, SnO2- 0.2CuO, SnO2-0.5CuO, SnO2-1.0CuO and SnO2-2.0CuO are 72.97, 58.77, 49.72 and 54.95 m2/g, respectively. The gas sensing performance of the four samples to ethanol, formaldehyde and H2S was studied. The sensor of SnOa-0.5CuO exhibited high response to hydrogen sulfide （4173 to 10 ppm H2S, where ppm represent 10-6）, and low response to ethanol and formaldehyde. The good selectivity exhibited that the SnO2-0.5CuO nanocomposite can be a promising candidate for highly sensitive and selective gas-sensing material to H2S.
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30300154)
文摘Objective:To probe into the relationships between PTEN gene expression,the promoter methylation and gastric cancer and its clinical pathological specific features.Methods:We analyzed the PTEN gene promoter methylation and mRNA expression status in gastric cancer tissues and its adjacent normal tissues by methylation specific PCR(MSP) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) techniques.Results:PTEN promoters in 48.2%(27/56) gastric cancer tissues and 3.6(2/56) adjacent normal tissues were methylated and the PTEN promoter methylation rate in carcinoma tissues was obviously higher(P < 0.05).Of the 2 cases where the adjacent gastric tissues were methylated,the gastric cancer tissues were both methylated.Of the 29 gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis,19 had their PTEN gene promoters methylated and the PTEN gene promoter methylation in cases with lymph node metastasis was obviously higher than that without lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05).RT-PCR result showed that no expression of PTEN mRNA existed in any of the methylated gastric cancer tissues.Conclusion:The expression loss of PTEN gene mRNA in gastric cancers is related to their promoter methylation and might be one of the reasons for the generation,development and metastasis of gastric cancers.
文摘In this paper,we described the symptoms and treatment of a patient with diabetic nephropathy accompanied by spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage after hemodialysis.An elderly female patient with diabetic nephropathy presented with severe pain,numbness,and an increasing swelling in the left hip and left thigh after six sessions of hemodialysis involving the use of an antiplatelet drug and an anticoagulant agent.Her hemoglobin decreased to 46 g/L.An abdominal ultrasound showed a hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space,and computed tomography(CT) findings revealed a 6 cm×8 cm×10 cm hematoma in the left psoas muscle.After aggressive supportive therapy [the administration of packed red blood cell transfusion,carbazochrome sodium sulfonate injection,and continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH)],the patient's vital signs stabilized and her hemoglobin increased to 86 g/L.Repeat CT showed that the hematoma had been partially absorbed after two weeks.Eventually,the patient was discharged with stable vital signs.Physicians should be aware of the possibility of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage,particularly in patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing hemodialysis involving the use of anticoagulant agents.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072065,22178162,22222806)the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220053)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(JNHB-035)。
文摘Ultra-thin two-dimensional(2D)organic semiconductors are promising candidates for photocatalysts because of the short charge diffusion pathway and favorable exposure of active sites plus the versatile architecture.Nonetheless,the inherent dielectric confinement of 2D materials will induce a strong exciton effect hampering the charge separation.Herein,we demonstrated an effective way to reduce the dielectric confinement effect of 2D ionic covalent organic nanosheets(iCONs)by tailoring the functional group via molecular engineering.Three ultra-thin CONs with different functional groups and the same ionic moieties were synthesized through Schiff base condensation between ionic amino monomer triaminoguanidinium chloride(TG)and aldehyde linkers.The integration of the hydroxyl group was found to significantly increase the dielectric constant by enhancing the polarizability of ionic moieties,and thus reduced the dielectric confinement and the corresponding exciton binding energy(E_(b)).The champion hydroxyl-functional iCON exhibited promoted exciton dissociation and in turn a high photocatalytic hydrogen production rate under visible-light irradiation.This work provided insights into the rationalization of the dielectric confinement effect of low-dimensional photocatalysts.
文摘In this paper, electronic nose (E-nose) was used to discriminate the 11 Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) from Umbelliferae by the difference of their odors. The E-nose generated data were analyzed by discriminant function analysis (DFA) and the responses of 18 sensors of E-nose were evaluated by CA analysis. Results showed that a rapid evaluation of complex response of the samples could be obtained, in combination with DFA, SQC and the CA analysis of the E-nose was given better results in the recognition values of the odor of the 11 CMM. All the 11 CMM could be distinguished by E-nose coupled with DFA, sensor 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13 and 15 were found to be able to better discriminate between the CMM samples. The CMM from Umbelliferae produced from different areas and processed with different methods could be distinguished by the E-nose, too. The results of the similarity of fingerprints of the E-nose are fitted with the TCM records about the property (yaoxing), channel tropism (guijing), function and usage of the CMM. The E-nose is a technology that can reflect the holistic odor of a CMM and is relevant to the TCM doctor’s practical identification. The odor of CMM can be expressed by objective data instead of subjective sense by human nose. Based on the sensor`s intensity of E-nose, the fingerprint of a CMM can be established, too. Although the E-nose has so many advantages, only use E-nose technology is not enough to control the quality of a CMM. It must be combined with the other macroscopic discriminating technology, such as the E-tongue, the E-eye, to have a holistic evaluation of a CMM.
文摘Hemodialysis is the main method of clinical renal replacement therapy, and its effectiveness and safety have been widely confirmed. High-flux hemodialysis, as a constantly updating new mode in the field of blood purification, has effectively improved the efficiency of hemodialysis and reduced the incidence of hemodialysis complications. High-flux hemodialysis has been widely used in clinical practice, and mainly plays its role through adsorption, convection and dispersion. High-flux hemodialysis has some advantages not possessed by conventional hemodialysis, including protecting injured renal function, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients, improving the patients' nutritional status, reducing the occurrence of renal osteopathy and delaying the occurrence time of dialysis-associated amyloidosis. However, high-flux hemodialysis also has some limitations, such as the elimination of drugs and nutrients, and the backfiltration caused by increased pressure on the dialysis membrane and dialysate side. In this review, the related progress of high-flux hemodialysis in clinical application, mechanism, complications and treatment are discussed in order to provide a reference for its more rational clinical use.
基金supported by the National Program of Transgenic Variety Development of China(2018ZX08010-05B and 2019ZD080018)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research FundMajor Research Project of CAAS Science。
文摘Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)is one of the most important oil crops in the world.However,study on marker-free transgene of B.napus for bio-safety purpose is limited in this allotetraploid crop.In order to advance marker gene excision research,a newly designed Cre/lox system combining crossing and auto-excision strategy was introduced into B.napus.The system consists of 2 sets of independent vectors including pC35 Spro::T7 RP carrying T7 RNA polymerase and pCT7 pro::Cre carrying T7 promoter respectively.After hybridization of 2 according types of transgenic B.napus,marker gene would be removed as T7 RNA polymerase facilitate T7 promoter to promote Cre gene expression.Totally 52 and 46 positive To transgenic lines of these 2 vectors were obtained after identification by PCR and test trip.T1 plants from 3 T0 positive pC35 Spro::T7 RP lines and 2 T0 positive pC35 Spro::T7 RP lines were identified as single copy according to segregation ratio and were chosen for crossing.However,expression of CP4 EPSPS(glyphosate resistance gene)and OXY(bromoxynil resistance gene)were not found in F1 progeny,which proved that the excision was not complete.The possible reasons for our limited success were investigated and detailed analyses were performed.Although this system is not applicable for generating transgenic B.napus free from selectable marker gene,it provided valuable experience and clue for further improvement of this technique.Many other advantages and further improvement will be progressed in future work.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research FundMajor Research Project of CAAS Science and the Technology Innovation Program+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400243)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (ZRMS2016000076)
文摘BraLTP1 is an important member of lipid transfer protein family in Brassica napus.The aim of current study was to detect, classify and follow variations in metabolite profiling of B. napus with overexpression of BraLTP1. In this study, metabolic change in leaves of BraLTP1-overexpressing B. napus plants (BraLTP1-22) and negative control (BraLTP1-22N) was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Statistical strategy of principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify related difference metabolites. PCA score plots indicated not only high reproducibility of various treatments, but also significant difference of metabolite levels between different treatments. PCA loading plots indicated main responsible metabolites and a total of 50 metabolites were quantitatively determined. A wide range of metabolites were detected due to BraLTP1 overexpression,including biosynthesis and metabolism of sugars, amino acids, ammoniums compounds and organic acids. Furthermore, concentrations of 17 amino acids were determined for other set of samples by amino acids component analysis assay. The link between metabolite variations and phenotype were also discussed in BraLTP1-overexpressing B. napus.This work will help to gain insight into BraLTP1 function in B. napus in metabolism.
文摘Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second largest oil crop in the world. However, transformation efficiency of rapeseed still needs to be improved. To evaluate non-procedural factors (e.g. explants, section of explant, marker genes and number of exogenous genes) effects on transformation efficiency, 6-day-old hypocotyl explants from in vitro grown seedlings were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strain GV3101 harboring a binary vector using optimized transformation procedure. Results showed that normal maturing variety ‘Zhongshuang 6 (ZS6)’ had the highest overall capacity to produce rooted shoots among 5 common varieties and 6 early maturing varieties, with green callus induction rate 81.45% and shoot regeneration rate 21.66%. Early maturing variety 14M645 has relatively high regeneration rate (4.69%) and one of the shortest growth periods (107.54 d). Data showed that choosing neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (NPTII) as selectable marker led to the best transformation rate (17.38%). Selecting upper hypocotyl segments near cotyledon as explant provided the higest transformation efficiency, with regeneration rate of 25.59% when using NPTII as selectable marker and 22.19% for Bar. B. napus transformed with single gene showed higher transformation frequency than vectors with multiple genes,highlighting difficulty of multiple gene transformation. This work helped to further improve genetic transformation of B. napus by optimizing factors that impact transformation efficiency,and it would ultimately improve research in transgenic B. napus varieties with commercial potential.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research FundMajor Research Project of CAAS Science and National Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects China(2018ZX0801023B)
文摘BraLTP2 is an important member of lipid transfer protein family, and its molecular biology function in Brassica napus （B. napus） had been explored by prerious study. How-ever, affection of BraLTP2 on secondary metabolites is still not clear. In this study, we inves-tigated difference of leaf secondary metabolite profling between BraLTP2 overexpressing B. napus and wild type. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS） was utilized. Wide range of secondary metabolites was found in BraLTP2 overexpressing plants. A total of 100 secondary metabolites were determined, 42 of which had signifcant differ-ences, including favonoids, phenylpropanoids and phenolamides. These results were in accordance with signifcant increasing trichomes of overexpressing BraLTP2 plants, which might produce and store secondary metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant anal-ysis （PLS-DA） was performed to identify difference of secondary metabolites. PLS-DA score plots showed high reproducibility of each treatment. Signifcant changes were found between transformed and wild type. Permutation test validates the reliability rigorously. Fur-thermore, overexpressing of BraLTP2 led to seed germination improvement during the frst 48 h under oxidation stress. Increased oxidation resistance of transgenic B. napus was in accordance with the signifcant variations of phenylpropanoids, phenylpropanoids and phe-nolamides.This work was supported by Central Public-interest Scientifc Institution Basal Research Fund, Major Research Project of CAAS Science and National Genetically Modifed Organisms Breeding Major Projects China （2018ZX0801023B）.
基金The study was funded by the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2021YF0035)Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(No.2021-YF08-00167-GX).
文摘Background:Spatiotemporal disparities exist in the disease burden of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)attributable to kidney dysfunction,which has been poorly assessed.The present study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of the global burden of NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction and to predict future trends.Methods:Data on NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction,quantified using deaths and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs),were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Injuries,and Risk Factors(GBD)Study in 2019.Estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)of age-standardized rate(ASR)was calculated with linear regression to assess the changing trend.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between ASR and sociodemographic index(SDI)for 21 GBD regions.A Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model was used to predict future trends up to 2040.Results:Between 1990 and 2019,the absolute number of deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction increased globally.The death cases increased from 1,571,720(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:1,344,420-1,805,598)in 1990 to 3,161,552(95%UI:2,723,363-3,623,814)in 2019 for both sexes combined.Both the ASR of death and DALYs increased in Andean Latin America,the Caribbean,Central Latin America,Southeast Asia,Oceania,and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa.In contrast,the age-standardized metrics decreased in the high-income Asia Pacific region.The relationship between SDI and ASR of death and DALYs was negatively correlated.The BAPC model indicated that there would be approximately 5,806,780 death cases and 119,013,659 DALY cases in 2040 that could be attributed to kidney dysfunction.Age-standardized death of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and CKD attributable to kidney dysfunction were predicted to decrease and increase from 2020 to 2040,respectively.Conclusion:NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction remain a major public health concern worldwide.Efforts are required to attenuate the death and disability burden,particularly in low and low-to-middle SDI regions.
