We have used model scaling so that the propagation of light through space could be studied using the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We have developed a set of numerical procedures to obtain a stab...We have used model scaling so that the propagation of light through space could be studied using the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We have developed a set of numerical procedures to obtain a stable propagating wave so that it could be used to find out how wavelength could increase with distance travelled. We have found that broadening of wavelength, expressed as redshift, is proportional to distance, a fact that is in agreement with many physical observations by astronomers. There are other reasons for redshifts that could be additional to the transmission redshift, resulting in the deviation from the linear relationship as often observed. Our model shows that redshift needs not be the result of an expanding space that is a long standing view held by many astrophysicists. Any theory about the universe, if bases on an expanding space as physical fact, is open to question.展开更多
We have developed an energy balance equation for the universe. The two system parameters involved in the equation could be “fine-tuned” so that the predicted temperature histories all lead to what is observed in the...We have developed an energy balance equation for the universe. The two system parameters involved in the equation could be “fine-tuned” so that the predicted temperature histories all lead to what is observed in the present cosmic microwave background. We have shown that various combinations of these two parameters are possible;in particular, the present background temperature needs not be the remnant of a very hot temperature in the far distance past. We also solved for the propagation of vortex solitons in optical fibres as contrasting examples to show how electromagnetic wave could be transmitted in a particular waveform under strictly controlled conditions. To avoid singularity, all vortexes have a black centre. We conclude that while numerical techniques can be used to account for an infinite quantity, it is unlikely that such a quantity could exist in reality.展开更多
文摘We have used model scaling so that the propagation of light through space could be studied using the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We have developed a set of numerical procedures to obtain a stable propagating wave so that it could be used to find out how wavelength could increase with distance travelled. We have found that broadening of wavelength, expressed as redshift, is proportional to distance, a fact that is in agreement with many physical observations by astronomers. There are other reasons for redshifts that could be additional to the transmission redshift, resulting in the deviation from the linear relationship as often observed. Our model shows that redshift needs not be the result of an expanding space that is a long standing view held by many astrophysicists. Any theory about the universe, if bases on an expanding space as physical fact, is open to question.
文摘We have developed an energy balance equation for the universe. The two system parameters involved in the equation could be “fine-tuned” so that the predicted temperature histories all lead to what is observed in the present cosmic microwave background. We have shown that various combinations of these two parameters are possible;in particular, the present background temperature needs not be the remnant of a very hot temperature in the far distance past. We also solved for the propagation of vortex solitons in optical fibres as contrasting examples to show how electromagnetic wave could be transmitted in a particular waveform under strictly controlled conditions. To avoid singularity, all vortexes have a black centre. We conclude that while numerical techniques can be used to account for an infinite quantity, it is unlikely that such a quantity could exist in reality.
