The aberrant use of alcohol is a major factor in cancer progression and metastasis.Contributing mechanisms include the systemic effects of alcohol and the exchange of bioactive molecules between cancerous and non-canc...The aberrant use of alcohol is a major factor in cancer progression and metastasis.Contributing mechanisms include the systemic effects of alcohol and the exchange of bioactive molecules between cancerous and non-cancerous cells along the brain-gut-liver axis.Such interplay leads to changes in molecular,cellular,and biological functions resulting in cancer progression.Recent investigations have examined the role of extracellular vesicles(EVs)in cancer mechanisms in addition to their contribution as diagnostic biomarkers.Also,EVs are emerging as novel cell-free mediators in pathophysiological scenarios including alcohol-mediated gut microbiome dysbiosis and the release of nanosized EVs into the circulatory system.Interestingly,EVs in cancer patients are enriched with oncogenes,miRNA,lipids,and glycoproteins whose delivery into the hepatic microenvironment may be enhanced by the detrimental effects of alcohol.Proof-of-concept studies indicate that alcohol-associated liver disease is impacted by the effects of exosomes,including altered immune responses,reprogramming of stromal cells,and remodeling of the extracellular matrix.Moreover,the culmination of alcoholrelated changes in the liver likely contributes to enhanced hepatic metastases and poor outcomes for cancer patients.This review summarizes the numerous aspects of exosome communications between organs with emphasis on the relationship of EVs in alcohol-associated diseases and cancer metastasis.The potential impact of EV cargo and release along a multi-organ axis is highly relevant to the promotion of tumorigenic mechanisms and metastatic disease.It is hypothesized that EVs target recipient tissues to initiate the formation of prometastatic niches and cancer progression.The study of alcohol-associated mechanisms in metastatic cancers is expected to reveal a better understanding of factors involved in the growth of secondary malignancies as well as novel approaches for therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Schwann cells and neuroregeneration:Peripheral nerve injury is a common cause of morbidity,which affects millions of people worldwide.The peripheral nervous system,differently from the central nervous system,has an in...Schwann cells and neuroregeneration:Peripheral nerve injury is a common cause of morbidity,which affects millions of people worldwide.The peripheral nervous system,differently from the central nervous system,has an intrinsic ability to regenerate after injury.However,in most cases the regenerative outcome is not completely satisfactory,in particular for long-gap peripheral nerve injuries in which the microsurgical approach is not possible.In these cases。展开更多
For patients suffering from allergies to nickel, chrome and cobalt, titanium implants are the implants of choice. Nevertheless, titanium implant sensitivity has been reported in the form of “allergies” and an increa...For patients suffering from allergies to nickel, chrome and cobalt, titanium implants are the implants of choice. Nevertheless, titanium implant sensitivity has been reported in the form of “allergies” and an increasing number of patients are confused. This paper aims to use spectral analysis as a diagnostic tool for analyzing different titanium implant alloys in order to determine the percentage of the alloy components and additions that are known to cause allergies. Different materials, such as sponge titanium, TiAl6Nb7, Ti21SRx, TiAl6V4 [forged alloy], TiAl6V4 [cast alloy], TMZF, pure titanium [c. p. 1] and iodide titanium were analyzed for the presence of the elements that have been associated with allergic reactions using spectral analysis. All the implant material samples contained traceable amounts of Be, Cd, Co, up to a maximum of 0.001 percent by weight [wt.%], Cr up to 0.033 wt.%, Cu up to 0.007 wt.%, Hf up to 0.035 wt.%, Mn up to 0.007 wt.%, Ni up to 0.031 wt.%, and Pd up to 0.001 wt.%. This paper demonstrates that all the investigated implant material samples contained a low but consistent percentage of components that have been associated with allergies. For example, low nickel contents are related to the manufacturing pro- cess and are completely dissolved in the titanium grid. Therefore, they can virtually be classified as “impurities”. Under certain circumstances, these small amounts may be sufficient to trigger allergic reactions in patients suffering from the corresponding allergies, such as a nickel, palladium or chrome allergy.展开更多
Much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. In terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relativel...Much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. In terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relatively slow. The current thinking is that primary prevention is best served by early detection of cancer and eradication of early stage cancers by screening. Some cancers spread early in their course and the role of screening may be limited. Until relatively recently there has not been a pathfinder model that makes the evasion of this unfortunate event a reality. This review discusses such an animal model and attempts to relate it to human disease in terms of intervention. Concrete proposals are also offered on how scientists may be able to intervene to prevent this deadly progression of the cancer process.展开更多
基金by Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development,VA Office of Research and Development,No.BX004127(to McVicker BL and Tobi M).
文摘The aberrant use of alcohol is a major factor in cancer progression and metastasis.Contributing mechanisms include the systemic effects of alcohol and the exchange of bioactive molecules between cancerous and non-cancerous cells along the brain-gut-liver axis.Such interplay leads to changes in molecular,cellular,and biological functions resulting in cancer progression.Recent investigations have examined the role of extracellular vesicles(EVs)in cancer mechanisms in addition to their contribution as diagnostic biomarkers.Also,EVs are emerging as novel cell-free mediators in pathophysiological scenarios including alcohol-mediated gut microbiome dysbiosis and the release of nanosized EVs into the circulatory system.Interestingly,EVs in cancer patients are enriched with oncogenes,miRNA,lipids,and glycoproteins whose delivery into the hepatic microenvironment may be enhanced by the detrimental effects of alcohol.Proof-of-concept studies indicate that alcohol-associated liver disease is impacted by the effects of exosomes,including altered immune responses,reprogramming of stromal cells,and remodeling of the extracellular matrix.Moreover,the culmination of alcoholrelated changes in the liver likely contributes to enhanced hepatic metastases and poor outcomes for cancer patients.This review summarizes the numerous aspects of exosome communications between organs with emphasis on the relationship of EVs in alcohol-associated diseases and cancer metastasis.The potential impact of EV cargo and release along a multi-organ axis is highly relevant to the promotion of tumorigenic mechanisms and metastatic disease.It is hypothesized that EVs target recipient tissues to initiate the formation of prometastatic niches and cancer progression.The study of alcohol-associated mechanisms in metastatic cancers is expected to reveal a better understanding of factors involved in the growth of secondary malignancies as well as novel approaches for therapeutic interventions.
文摘Schwann cells and neuroregeneration:Peripheral nerve injury is a common cause of morbidity,which affects millions of people worldwide.The peripheral nervous system,differently from the central nervous system,has an intrinsic ability to regenerate after injury.However,in most cases the regenerative outcome is not completely satisfactory,in particular for long-gap peripheral nerve injuries in which the microsurgical approach is not possible.In these cases。
文摘For patients suffering from allergies to nickel, chrome and cobalt, titanium implants are the implants of choice. Nevertheless, titanium implant sensitivity has been reported in the form of “allergies” and an increasing number of patients are confused. This paper aims to use spectral analysis as a diagnostic tool for analyzing different titanium implant alloys in order to determine the percentage of the alloy components and additions that are known to cause allergies. Different materials, such as sponge titanium, TiAl6Nb7, Ti21SRx, TiAl6V4 [forged alloy], TiAl6V4 [cast alloy], TMZF, pure titanium [c. p. 1] and iodide titanium were analyzed for the presence of the elements that have been associated with allergic reactions using spectral analysis. All the implant material samples contained traceable amounts of Be, Cd, Co, up to a maximum of 0.001 percent by weight [wt.%], Cr up to 0.033 wt.%, Cu up to 0.007 wt.%, Hf up to 0.035 wt.%, Mn up to 0.007 wt.%, Ni up to 0.031 wt.%, and Pd up to 0.001 wt.%. This paper demonstrates that all the investigated implant material samples contained a low but consistent percentage of components that have been associated with allergies. For example, low nickel contents are related to the manufacturing pro- cess and are completely dissolved in the titanium grid. Therefore, they can virtually be classified as “impurities”. Under certain circumstances, these small amounts may be sufficient to trigger allergic reactions in patients suffering from the corresponding allergies, such as a nickel, palladium or chrome allergy.
文摘Much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. In terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relatively slow. The current thinking is that primary prevention is best served by early detection of cancer and eradication of early stage cancers by screening. Some cancers spread early in their course and the role of screening may be limited. Until relatively recently there has not been a pathfinder model that makes the evasion of this unfortunate event a reality. This review discusses such an animal model and attempts to relate it to human disease in terms of intervention. Concrete proposals are also offered on how scientists may be able to intervene to prevent this deadly progression of the cancer process.
