Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae.Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented.Ganoderma is a cos...Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae.Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented.Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.This genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species with double-walled basidiospores.Here,we report on eight collections of G.gibbosum collected during surveys in Kunming,Yunnan Province,China.The specimens are described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Total DNA of the eight G.gibbosum strains were extracted using the Biospin Fungal Extraction Kit following manufacturer protocol.Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer(nrITS)region was carried out using ITS5/ITS4 primers and LROR/LR5 for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit 28S rDNA gene(LSU).Phylogenetic analysis with closely related species to G.gibbosum showed that all eight collections grouped with G.gibbosum with 100%bootstrap support.Phylogenetic similarity and morphological variations within the eight collections of G.gibbosum are discussed.展开更多
Insects first began evolving hundreds of millions of years ago,and aided by gut microbes,they have been consuming hydrocarbon polymers ever since.Few man-made plastic polymers are chemically novel,so it is reasonable ...Insects first began evolving hundreds of millions of years ago,and aided by gut microbes,they have been consuming hydrocarbon polymers ever since.Few man-made plastic polymers are chemically novel,so it is reasonable that insect/microbe systems can be found or developed to degrade them rapidly.However,remediation of global plastic waste problems should involve more than just conversion into CO_(2).Some industryscale microbial enzymatic degradation of plastic polymers may yield valuable monomers,but the plastic waste starting material must be of uniform chemistry and clean.This adds cost to the process.Many insect species can be utilized for animal feed as well as human food.Some of these insects have the capability to degrade plastic polymers.However,valorizing plastic wastes by producing edible insects or useful frass has largely been overlooked.Here we assemble the current knowledge of plastic degradation rates by insects.In addition,we also show the first instance of insect degradation of polyurethane and the first identification and isolation of insect gut fungi as directly aiding insect degradation.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)provide benefits to most crop species via enhanced nutrient uptake,increased drought and abiotic stress resistance,and reduced effects of pathogens and pests.Much remains unclear regar...Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)provide benefits to most crop species via enhanced nutrient uptake,increased drought and abiotic stress resistance,and reduced effects of pathogens and pests.Much remains unclear regarding the specific mechanisms influencing these processes,and the critical roles of AMF are often overlooked in planning agroecological systems.There is growing consensus,however,around the important roles AMF play in improving plant resilience and crop yield while also enhancing the functioning of soil microbial communities.Heterogeneous practices across all scales complicate the successful integration of AMF in agroecological systems.AMF symbioses with crops are passive,or stimulated by incorporation of crop wastes in soil,soil inoculation with AMF spores,or the planting inoculated of seeds.Here we suggest that AMF can have highest beneficial impacts in areas with low levels of agrochemical inputs.We argue that areas with intensive agrochemical inputs can also be made more sustainable with AMF enhancements.展开更多
Bamboos not only provide socio-economic benefits to communities within the region,but also provide ecosystem services such as soil-water conservation,stabilization of sandy soils and restoration of soil nutrients.Bamb...Bamboos not only provide socio-economic benefits to communities within the region,but also provide ecosystem services such as soil-water conservation,stabilization of sandy soils and restoration of soil nutrients.Bambusicolous ascomycetes refer to ascomycetous fungi living on any substrate of bamboo.As the largest group of fungi on bamboo,they play a significant ecological value in species composition and the structure of the fungal community,circulation of materials and energy flow of nutritional elements.In an effort to document the bambusicolous Ascomycota found in China,we assessed all major sources of academic literature,journal papers,and the USDA database(https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/fungushost/fungushost.cfm)for reports of these fungi from China.As a result,we produced a systematic and comprehensive checklist of bambusicolous Ascomycota in China.Current names of fungi,bamboo host name,bamboo substrate,details of collected localities,references and latest classification for every bambusicolous ascomycete in China are also provided.In addition,we focused on the species richness of bambusicolous Ascomycota in China with an emphasis on southwest China.展开更多
Mycorrhizal and N-fixing root symbioses evolved at two points in the past when global CO_(2)was highest,consistent with the high demand these symbioses place on host C.Trees hosting both mycorrhiza and N-fixing bacter...Mycorrhizal and N-fixing root symbioses evolved at two points in the past when global CO_(2)was highest,consistent with the high demand these symbioses place on host C.Trees hosting both mycorrhiza and N-fixing bacteria are able to fix more atmospheric CO_(2)and grow at faster rates than non-symbiotic plants,or plants with only mycorrhiza.We argue that on the basis of this improved C capture,N-fixing trees act as C-pumps,sequestering C and locking it in biomass,thus,if properly managed,can contribute significantly towards the mitigation of rising CO_(2)levels.展开更多
Restricted access to quality crops and markets limits the capacity of rural communities to generate income in the mountainous regions of South and Southeast Asia,often resulting in the exploitation of forest systems,a...Restricted access to quality crops and markets limits the capacity of rural communities to generate income in the mountainous regions of South and Southeast Asia,often resulting in the exploitation of forest systems,a subsequent decline in forest health,and the need for alternative means of income generation as well as forest restoration programmes.Cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms has been shown to be a feasible alternative source of income and also contributes to the household nutrition of rural and impoverished communities.There are a number of ongoing programmes in South and Southeast Asia currently implementing trainings and demonstrative practices for the cultivation of mushrooms at the village level.In this context,we implemented different cultivation strategies in selected rural areas in the Chin State,Myanmar.The cultivation strategies were to 1)introduce mushroom cultivation using locally sourced raw materials as substrates for rural communities unfamiliar with mushroom cultivation;and 2)improve the technical knowledge of those already experienced in mushroom cultivation in order to increase yield and minimize challenges in production systems.We introduced Pleurotus sp.cultivation to mushroom growers in the Chin state,Myanmar.These cultivation strategies will help further improve and develop mushroom industries in rural areas and contribute to rural development.In addition,we focused on cultivation systems that incorporate the use of crop residues and woody substrates in order to ensure a sustainable,integrated approach.展开更多
Intensive crop production,use of pesticides,and unsustainable farming practices are known to cause land degradation and soil contamination.Both have led to a decline in biodiversity and changes in the functional group...Intensive crop production,use of pesticides,and unsustainable farming practices are known to cause land degradation and soil contamination.Both have led to a decline in biodiversity and changes in the functional groups of soil microorganisms.Although physicochemical methods have been used to apply soil amendments to agricultural land,mushroom cultivation in agricultural land for soil improvement have been poorly studied.In-field mushroom cultivation is considered a good strategy for improving soil quality by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers.In this paper,we list the edible mushroom species suitable for growing in fields and summarize the important role that mushroom field cultivation can play in soil erosion control,nutrient cycling,and the bioremediation of contaminants.Decomposition,symbiosis,assimilation,degradation,bioweathering,oxidation,biosorption,and bioconversion are all critical components of mushroom field cultivation.Research has shown that field mushroom cultivation contributes to nutritional bioavailability while also promoting the degradation of pollutants and formation of soil aggregates.Through soil amendment practices,a portion of agricultural waste can be converted into high-quality food and nutraceutical sources,and the remaining organic matter improves soil quality via fungal mycelial networks and the re-use of spent mushroom substrates.Only a small number of mushroom species have been used in the application of soil amendments in field conditions.This review shows the need for further research into specific mushroom species for achieving different soil amendment goals in order to balance agricultural development with sustainable land management.展开更多
Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of organisms.Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and a...Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of organisms.Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and animals,fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms.The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry.Moreover,fungi can be grown with relative ease,making production at scale viable.The search for fungal biodiversity,and the construction of a living fungi collection,both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products.This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology.We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers.We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products.Fungi have provided the world with penicillin,lovastatin,and other globally significant medicines,and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.展开更多
This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study incl...This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.展开更多
This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include ...This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include one new family(viz.Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes),five new genera(Caatingomyces,Cryptoschizotrema,Neoacladium,Paramassaria and Trochilispora)and 71 new species,(viz.Acrogenospora thailandica,Amniculicola aquatica,A.guttulata,Angustimassarina sylvatica,Blackwellomyces lateris,Boubovia gelatinosa,Buellia viridula,Caatingomyces brasiliensis,Calophoma humuli,Camarosporidiella mori,Canalisporium dehongense,Cantharellus brunneopallidus,C.griseotinctus,Castanediella meliponae,Coprinopsis psammophila,Cordyceps succavus,Cortinarius minusculus,C.subscotoides,Diaporthe italiana,D.rumicicola,Diatrypella delonicis,Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis,D.taiwanense,Digitodesmium chiangmaiense,Distoseptispora dehongensis,D.palmarum,Dothiorella styphnolobii,Ellisembia aurea,Falciformispora aquatic,Fomitiporia carpinea,F.lagerstroemiae,Grammothele aurantiaca,G.micropora,Hermatomyces bauhiniae,Jahnula queenslandica,Kamalomyces mangrovei,Lecidella yunnanensis,Micarea squamulosa,Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae,Neoacladium indicum,Neodidymelliopsis sambuci,Neosetophoma miscanthi,N.salicis,Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae,N.thalictri,Paramassaria samaneae,Penicillium circulare,P.geumsanense,P.mali-pumilae,P.psychrotrophicum,P.wandoense,Phaeoisaria siamensis,Phaeopoacea asparagicola,Phaeosphaeria penniseti,Plectocarpon galapagoense,Porina sorediata,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis,Rhizophydium koreanum,Russula prasina,Sporoschisma chiangraiense,Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae,S.cocksii,S.papei,S.tschirnhausii,S.vikhrevii,Thysanorea uniseptata,Torula breviconidiophora,T.polyseptata,Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae).Further,twelve new combinations(viz.Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema,Prolixandromyces australi,P.elongatus,P.falcatus,P.longispinae,P.microveliae,P.neoalardi,P.polhemorum,P.protuberans,P.pseudoveliae,P.tenuistipitis and P.umbonatus),an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae,a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated.Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported(i.e.Acrostalagmus annulatus,Cantharellus goossensiae,Coprinopsis villosa,Dothiorella plurivora,Dothiorella rhamni,Dothiorella symphoricarposicola,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Fasciatispora arengae,Grammothele brasiliensis,Lasiodiplodia iraniensis,Lembosia xyliae,Morenoina palmicola,Murispora cicognanii,Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii,Neolinocarpon rachidis,Nothophoma quercina,Peroneutypa scoparia,Pestalotiopsis aggestorum,Pilidium concavum,Plagiostoma salicellum,Protofenestella ulmi,Sarocladium kiliense,Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).展开更多
Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states com...Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.展开更多
Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry.They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density.Morphological identifica...Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry.They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density.Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi.Molecular(DNA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods.To facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic insights.Lineagespecific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also provided.We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge.Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort.Bipolaris,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,Mucor,Neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper.展开更多
This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their ...This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium unicellulare,Le.voraginesporum,Leptosphaeria cirsii,Leptosphaeria irregularis,Leptospora galii,Le.thailandica,Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis,Lophiotrema bambusae,Lo.fallopiae,Meliola citri-maximae,Minimelanolocus submersus,Montagnula cirsii,Mortierella fluviae,Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neomassaria fabacearum,Neomassarina thailandica,Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi,Neo.cytisinus,Neo.minima,Neopestalotiopsis cocoe¨s,Neopestalotiopsis musae,Neoroussoella lenispora,Neotorula submersa,Neotruncatella endophytica,Nodulosphaeria italica,Occultibambusa aquatica,Oc.chiangraiensis,Ophiocordyceps hemisphaerica,Op.lacrimoidis,Paracapsulospora metroxyli,Pestalotiopsis sequoiae,Peziza fruticosa,Pleurotrema thailandica,Poaceicola arundinis,Polyporus mangshanensis,Pseudocoleophoma typhicola,Pseudodictyosporium thailandica,Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi,Purpureocillium sodanum,Ramariopsis atlantica,Rhodocybe griseoaurantia,Rh.indica,Rh.luteobrunnea,Russula indoalba,Ru.pseudoamoenicolor,Sporidesmium aquaticivaginatum,Sp.olivaceoconidium,Sp.pyriformatum,Stagonospora forlicesenensis,Stagonosporopsis centaureae,Terriera thailandica,Tremateia arundicola,Tr.guiyangensis,Trichomerium bambusae,Tubeufia hyalospora,Tu.roseohelicospora and Wojnowicia italica.New combinations are given for Hermatomyces mirum and Pallidocercospora thailandica.A neotype is proposed for Cortinarius fulvescens.Reference specimens are given for Aquaphila albicans,Leptospora rubella,Platychora ulmi and Meliola pseudosasae,while new host or distribution records are provided for Diaporthe eres,Di.siamensis,Di.foeniculina,Dothiorella iranica,Do.sarmentorum,Do.vidmadera,Helvella tinta and Vaginatispora fuckelii,with full taxonomic details.An asexual state is also reported for the first time in Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum.This paper contributes to a more comprehensive update and improved identification of many ascomycetes and basiodiomycetes.展开更多
In forest ecosystems,plant communities shape soil fungal communities through the provisioning of carbon.Although the variation in forest composition with latitude is well established,little is known about how soil fun...In forest ecosystems,plant communities shape soil fungal communities through the provisioning of carbon.Although the variation in forest composition with latitude is well established,little is known about how soil fungal communities vary with latitude.We collected soil samples from 17 forests,along a latitudinal transect in western China.Forest types covered included boreal,temperate,subtropical and tropical forests.We used 454 pyrosequencing techniques to analyze the soil communities.These data were correlated with abiotic and biotic variables to determine which factors most strongly influenced fungal community composition.Our results indicated that temperature,latitude,and plant diversity most strongly influence soil fungal community composition.Fungal diversity patterns were unimodal,with temperate forests(mid latitude)exhibiting the greatest diversity.Furthermore,these diversity patterns indicate that fungal diversity was highest in the forest systems with the lowest tree diversity(temperate forests).Different forest systems were dominated by different fungal subgroups,ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated in boreal and temperate forests;endomycorrhizal fungi dominated in the tropical rainforests,and non-mycorrhizal fungi were best represented in subtropical forests.Our results suggest that soil fungal communities are strongly dependent on vegetation type,with fungal diversity displaying an inverse relationship to plant diversity.展开更多
Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa ar...Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini.The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus,A.luteofibrillosus,Amanita atrobrunnea,A.digitosa,A.gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.strobilipes,Bondarzewia tibetica,Cortinarius albosericeus,C.badioflavidus,C.dentigratus,C.duboisensis,C.fragrantissimus,C.roseobasilis,C.vinaceobrunneus,C.vinaceogrisescens,C.wahkiacus,Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus,Fomitiporia atlantica,F.subtilissima,Ganoderma wuzhishanensis,Inonotus shoreicola,Lactifluus armeniacus,L.ramipilosus,Leccinum indoaurantiacum,Musumecia alpina,M.sardoa,Russula amethystina subp.tengii and R.wangii are introduced.Descriptions,illustrations,notes and/or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes,Dentocorticium ussuricum,Galzinia longibasidia,Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum.The other new genera,species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus,Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota,Phytophthora estuarina,P.rhizophorae,Salispina,S.intermedia,S.lobata and S.spinosa from Oomycota,and Absidia stercoraria,Gongronella orasabula,Mortierella calciphila,Mucor caatinguensis,M.koreanus,M.merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.展开更多
Astrosphaeriella sensu lato is a common genus occurring on bamboo,palms and stout grasses.Species of Astrosphaeriella have been collected from various countries in tropical,subtropical or temperate regions.In Asia,spe...Astrosphaeriella sensu lato is a common genus occurring on bamboo,palms and stout grasses.Species of Astrosphaeriella have been collected from various countries in tropical,subtropical or temperate regions.In Asia,species have been collected in Brunei,China,Indonesia,Japan,Philippines and Vietnam.There have been several morphological studies on Astrosphaeriella,but molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are generally lacking.Taxa included in Astrosphaeriella were characterized in three main groups 1)typical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu stricto)having carbonaceous,erumpent,conical ascostromata 2)atypical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu lato)having immersed,coriaceous ascostromata with short to long papilla and 3)lophiostoma-like species having immersed ascostromata with slit-like openings.Some of the latter Astrosphaeriella species,having slit-like openings,have been transferred to Fissuroma and Rimora in Aigialaceae.In this study five type specimens of Astrosphaeriella were loaned from herbaria worldwide and re-examined and are re-described and illustrated.Collections of Astrosphaeriella were also made in Thailand and morphologically examined.Pure cultures were obtained from single spores and used in molecular studies.The asexual morph was induced on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence data of astrosphaeriella-like species using Bayesian,Maximum parsimony(MP)and Randomized Accelerated Maximum Likelihood(RAxML)analyses were carried out.Phylogenetic analyses show that species of Astrosphaeriella can be distinguished in at least three families.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu stricto with erumpent,carbonaceous ascostromata,form a strongly supported clade with Pteridiospora species and a new family,Astrosphaeriellaceae,is introduced to accommodate these taxa.The genera are revised and Astrosphaeriella bambusae,A.neofusispora,A.neostellata,A.thailandica,A.thysanolaenae and Pteridiospora chiangraiensis are introduced as new species.Astrosphaeriella exorrhiza is reported on a dead stem of Thysanolaena maxima and is the first record for Thailand.Reference specimens for A.fusispora and A.tornata are designated to stabilize the taxonomy of Astrosphaeriella.The coelomycetous asexual morph of A.bambusae is reported and forms hyaline,globose to subglobose,aseptate conidia.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu lato with immersed,coriaceous ascostromata,with short to long papilla and striate ascospores,form a sister clade with Tetraplosphaeriaceae.The genus Pseudoastrosphaeriella is introduced to accommodate some of these taxa with three new species and three new combinations,viz.P.aequatoriensis,P.africana,P.bambusae,P.longicolla,P.papillata and P.thailandensis.A new family Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae is introduced to accommodate this presently monotypic lineage comprising Pseudoastrosphaeriella.The asexual morph of P.thailandensis is described.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana forms a distinct clade basal to Aigialaceae.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana is excluded from Astrosphaeriella and a new genus Astrosphaeriellopsis,placed in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis,is introduced to accommodate this taxon.Fissuroma aggregata(Aigialaceae)is re-visited and is shown to be a cryptic species.Three new species of Fissuroma and a new combination are introduced based on morphology and phylogeny viz.F.bambusae,F.fissuristoma,F.neoaggregata and F.thailandicum.The asexual morph of Fissuroma bambusae is also reported.展开更多
This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced...This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology.The family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae.The new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,A.muriformia,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,C.aureum,C.frutexensis,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,C.sibiraeae,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,D.meiosporum,D.thailandicum,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,K.spartii,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,L.ravennicum,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,N.italica,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,P.thysanolaenae,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,P.dracontomelon,P.italiana,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tamarindi,Pseudotrichia rubriostiolata,P.thailandica,Psiloglonium multiseptatum,Saagaromyces mangrovei,Sarimanas pseudofluviatile,S.shirakamiense,Tothia spartii,Trichomerium siamensis,Wojnowicia dactylidicola,W.dactylidis and W.lonicerae.The Basidiomycota Agaricus flavicentrus,A.hanthanaensis,A.parvibicolor,A.sodalis,Cantharellus luteostipitatus,Lactarius atrobrunneus,L.politus,Phylloporia dependens and Russula cortinarioides are also introduced.Epitypifications or reference specimens are designated for Hapalocystis berkeleyi,Meliola tamarindi,Pallidocercospora acaciigena,Phaeosphaeria musae,Plenodomus agnitus,Psiloglonium colihuae,P.sasicola and Zasmidium musae while notes and/or new sequence data are provided for Annulohypoxylon leptascum,A.nitens,A.stygium,Biscogniauxia marginata,Fasciatispora nypae,Hypoxylon fendleri,H.monticulosum,Leptosphaeria doliolum,Microsphaeropsis olivacea,Neomicrothyrium,Paraleptosphaeria nitschkei,Phoma medicaginis and Saccotheciaceae.A full description of each species is provided with light micrographs(or drawings).Molecular data is provided for 90 taxa and used to generate phylogenetic trees to establish a natural classification for species.展开更多
Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such a...Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such as those within the Greater Mekong Subregion,wild harvesting and mushroom cultivation provides a much-needed alternative source of income for rural households.However,this has led to over-harvesting and ultimately environmental degradation in certain areas,thus management guidelines allowing for a more sustained approach to the use of wild mushrooms is required.This article addresses a selection of the most popular and highly sought after edible mushrooms from Greater Mekong Subregion:Astraeus hygrometricus,Boletus edulis,Morchella conica,Ophiocordyceps sinensis,Phlebopus portentosus,Pleurotus giganteus,Termitomyces eurhizus,Thelephora ganbajun,Tricholoma matsuake,and Tuber indicum in terms of value,ecology and conservation.The greatest threat to these and many other mushroom species is that of habitat loss and over-harvesting of wild stocks,thus,by creating awareness of these issues we wish to enable a more sustainable use of these natural products.Thus our paper provides baseline data for these fungi so that future monitoring can establish the effects of continued harvesting on mushroom populations and the related host species.展开更多
Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens.Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts,especially on monocotyledons(...Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens.Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts,especially on monocotyledons(e.g.,Cannaceae,Cyperaceae,Juncaceae,Poaceae);some species have also been reported on dicotyledons.The family previously accommodated 35 sexual and asexual genera and comprised more than 300 species with a range of morphological characters.The morphological characters of taxa in this family are often ambiguous and can be confused with other taxa in Leptosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae.Fourteen specimens of the type genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae were loaned from herbaria worldwide and were re-examined and illustrated.Fresh collections were obtained from Italy and Thailand,characterized,examined,isolated into pure culture and used to obtain molecular data.The asexual state was induced where possible on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS,LSU,SSU,RPB2 and TEF1 sequence datasets were carried out using maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis.Molecular analyses shows that 21 genera(Amarenomyces,Ampelomyces,Chaetosphaeronema,Dematiopleospora,Entodesmium,Loratospora,Neosetophoma,Neostagonospora,Nodulosphaeria,Ophiobolus,Ophiosphaerella,Paraphoma,Parastagonospora,Phaeosphaeria,Phaeosphaeriopsis,Sclerostagonospora,Setomelanomma,Setophoma,Vrystaatia,Wojnowicia and Xenoseptoria)belong in Phaeosphaeriaceae,while seven genera(Amarenographium,Bricookea,Dothideopsella,Eudarluca,Phaeostagonospora,Scolecosporiella and Tiarospora)are included based on morphological data.Amarenomyces is reinstated and Nodulosphaeria is confirmed in Phaeosphaeriaceae.Eudarluca is distinguished from Sphaerellopsis based on its morphological characters and is typical of Phaeosphaeriaceae.ITS gene phylogenetic analys is indicates that Sphaerellopsis belongs to Leptosphaeriaceae.Ophiobolus species form a clade within Phaeosphaeriaceae while Ophiosphaerella is shown to be polyphyletic.Phaeosphaeria sensu stricto is redefined.Two new species of Phaeosphaeria and one of Phaeosphaeriopsis are introduced while the asexual states of Phaeosphaeria chiangraina and Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola are reported.Scolicosporium minkeviciusii forms a sister clade with Neostagonospora and Parastagonospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,Scolicosporium minkeviciusii is not the type species.Thus,the placement of Scolicosporium sensu stricto in Phaeosphaeriaceae is questionable.Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU genes,confirm the placement of Septoriella oudemansii in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,it is not represented by the generic type,thus the placement of Septoriella is questionable.Setophaeosphaeria is excluded from Phaeosphariaceae as the type species,Sp.hemerocallidis forms a clade at the base of Cucurbitariaceae.Wilmia clusters in Didymosphaeriaceae and is synonymized under Letendraea.Barria,Chaetoplea,Hadrospora,Lautitia,Metameris,Mixtura and Pleoseptum are excluded from Phaeosphaeriaceae based on their morphological characters.The asexual genera Mycopappus and Xenostigmina are excluded from this family based on the phylogenetic evidence;these genera form a clade close to Melanommataceae.展开更多
This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and described.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appr...This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and described.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic positions of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are proposed,we apply an integrative approach using morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable.Notes on 112 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper including Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae,Didysimulans gen.nov.,81 new species,18 new host records and new country records,five reference specimens,two new combinations,and three sexual and asexual morph reports.The new species are Amanita cornelii,A.emodotrygon,Angustimassarina alni,A.arezzoensis,A.italica,A.lonicerae,A.premilcurensis,Ascochyta italica,A.rosae,Austroboletus appendiculatus,Barriopsis thailandica,Berkleasmium ariense,Calophoma petasitis,Camarosporium laburnicola,C.moricola,C.grisea,C.ossea,C.paraincrustata,Colletotrichum sambucicola,Coprinopsis cerkezii,Cytospora gelida,Dacrymyces chiangraiensis,Didysimulans italica,D.mezzanensis,Entodesmium italica,Entoloma magnum,Evlachovaea indica,Exophiala italica,Favolus gracilisporus,Femsjonia monospora,Fomitopsis flabellata,F.roseoalba,Gongronella brasiliensis,Helvella crispoides,Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis,H.chromolaenae,Hysterium centramurum,Inflatispora caryotae,Inocybe brunneosquamulosa,I.luteobrunnea,I.rubrobrunnea,Keissleriella cirsii,Lepiota cylindrocystidia,L.flavocarpa,L.maerimensis,Lophiotrema guttulata,Marasmius luculentus,Morenoina calamicola,Moelleriella thanathonensis,Mucor stercorarius,Myrmecridium fluviae,Myrothecium septentrionale,Neosetophoma garethjonesii,Nigrograna cangshanensis,Nodulosphaeria guttulatum,N.multiseptata,N.sambuci,Panus subfasciatus,Paraleptosphaeria padi,Paraphaeosphaeria viciae,Parathyridaria robiniae,Penicillium punicae,Phaeosphaeria calamicola,Phaeosphaeriopsis yuccae,Pleurophoma italica,Polyporus brevibasidiosus,P.koreanus,P.orientivarius,P.parvovarius,P.subdictyopus,P.ulleungus,Pseudoasteromassaria spadicea,Rosellinia mearnsii,Rubroboletus demonensis,Russula yanheensis,Sigarispora muriformis,Sillia italica,Stagonosporopsis ailanthicola,Strobilomyces longistipitatus,Subplenodomus galicola and Wolfiporia pseudococos.The new combinations are Melanomma populina and Rubroboletus eastwoodiae.The reference specimens are Cookeina tricholoma,Gnomoniopsis sanguisorbae,Helvella costifera,Polythrincium trifolii and Russula virescens.The new host records and country records are Ascochyta medicaginicola,Boletellus emodensis,Cyptotrama asprata,Cytospora ceratosperma,Favolaschia auriscalpium,F.manipularis,Hysterobrevium mori,Lentinus sajor-caju,L.squarrosulus,L.velutinus,Leucocoprinus cretaceus,Lophiotrema vagabundum,Nothophoma quercina,Platystomum rosae,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Tremella fuciformis,Truncatella spartii and Vaginatispora appendiculata and three sexual and asexual morphs are Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Dothiorabuxi and Hypocrella calendulina.展开更多
基金Peter E.Mortimer thanks the National Sciences Foundation,China,NSFC-TRF,Grant No.41761144055National Science Foundation,China(NSFC),Grant No.41771063+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Grant No.2017CASSEABRIZD003Grant No.Y4ZK111B01.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 31851110759).
文摘Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae.Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented.Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.This genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species with double-walled basidiospores.Here,we report on eight collections of G.gibbosum collected during surveys in Kunming,Yunnan Province,China.The specimens are described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Total DNA of the eight G.gibbosum strains were extracted using the Biospin Fungal Extraction Kit following manufacturer protocol.Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer(nrITS)region was carried out using ITS5/ITS4 primers and LROR/LR5 for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit 28S rDNA gene(LSU).Phylogenetic analysis with closely related species to G.gibbosum showed that all eight collections grouped with G.gibbosum with 100%bootstrap support.Phylogenetic similarity and morphological variations within the eight collections of G.gibbosum are discussed.
基金Key Research Program of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology(Grant No.2017YFC0505101)of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences,President’s International Fellowship Initiative(CAS-PIFI),Grant No.2019PC0011,2017PC0035+7 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS,Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SMC014We thank the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this work under the project codes Y4ZK111B01,41761144055,3181101433,41771063,31650410651,41761144055 and 31550110215We are thankful to Zhijia Gu,Key Laboratories for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences for scanning electron microscopy.G.G.O.Dossa thanks China Postdoctoral Foundation Grant No.2017M613021the young international staff Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)president international fellowship initiative(PIFI)grants#2019FYB0001 and 2017PC0035Heng Gui would thank the CPSF-CAS Joint Foundation for Excellent Postdoctoral Fellows(Grant No.2017LH029)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M633435)the 2018 Yunnan Province Postdoctoral Science Research Foundation.Heng Gui would also like to thank the support from the Human Resources and Social Security Department of Yunnan Province,German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)under the program:Research Stays for University Academics and Scientists,2018(Ref.No.91691203)the China Scholarship Council under the State Scholarship Fund(Ref.No.201804910259).
文摘Insects first began evolving hundreds of millions of years ago,and aided by gut microbes,they have been consuming hydrocarbon polymers ever since.Few man-made plastic polymers are chemically novel,so it is reasonable that insect/microbe systems can be found or developed to degrade them rapidly.However,remediation of global plastic waste problems should involve more than just conversion into CO_(2).Some industryscale microbial enzymatic degradation of plastic polymers may yield valuable monomers,but the plastic waste starting material must be of uniform chemistry and clean.This adds cost to the process.Many insect species can be utilized for animal feed as well as human food.Some of these insects have the capability to degrade plastic polymers.However,valorizing plastic wastes by producing edible insects or useful frass has largely been overlooked.Here we assemble the current knowledge of plastic degradation rates by insects.In addition,we also show the first instance of insect degradation of polyurethane and the first identification and isolation of insect gut fungi as directly aiding insect degradation.
基金Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China 2017YFC0505101,NSFC-CGIAR 31861143002Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department 202003AD150004+3 种基金PEM thanks the National Science Foundation of China for financial support from grants 41761144055 and 41771063HG was supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(2019FB063)NSFC Grant 32001296Austin Smith substantially clarified our presentation.
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)provide benefits to most crop species via enhanced nutrient uptake,increased drought and abiotic stress resistance,and reduced effects of pathogens and pests.Much remains unclear regarding the specific mechanisms influencing these processes,and the critical roles of AMF are often overlooked in planning agroecological systems.There is growing consensus,however,around the important roles AMF play in improving plant resilience and crop yield while also enhancing the functioning of soil microbial communities.Heterogeneous practices across all scales complicate the successful integration of AMF in agroecological systems.AMF symbioses with crops are passive,or stimulated by incorporation of crop wastes in soil,soil inoculation with AMF spores,or the planting inoculated of seeds.Here we suggest that AMF can have highest beneficial impacts in areas with low levels of agrochemical inputs.We argue that areas with intensive agrochemical inputs can also be made more sustainable with AMF enhancements.
文摘Bamboos not only provide socio-economic benefits to communities within the region,but also provide ecosystem services such as soil-water conservation,stabilization of sandy soils and restoration of soil nutrients.Bambusicolous ascomycetes refer to ascomycetous fungi living on any substrate of bamboo.As the largest group of fungi on bamboo,they play a significant ecological value in species composition and the structure of the fungal community,circulation of materials and energy flow of nutritional elements.In an effort to document the bambusicolous Ascomycota found in China,we assessed all major sources of academic literature,journal papers,and the USDA database(https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/fungushost/fungushost.cfm)for reports of these fungi from China.As a result,we produced a systematic and comprehensive checklist of bambusicolous Ascomycota in China.Current names of fungi,bamboo host name,bamboo substrate,details of collected localities,references and latest classification for every bambusicolous ascomycete in China are also provided.In addition,we focused on the species richness of bambusicolous Ascomycota in China with an emphasis on southwest China.
基金the Key Project from the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China(No:2017YFC0505101).
文摘Mycorrhizal and N-fixing root symbioses evolved at two points in the past when global CO_(2)was highest,consistent with the high demand these symbioses place on host C.Trees hosting both mycorrhiza and N-fixing bacteria are able to fix more atmospheric CO_(2)and grow at faster rates than non-symbiotic plants,or plants with only mycorrhiza.We argue that on the basis of this improved C capture,N-fixing trees act as C-pumps,sequestering C and locking it in biomass,thus,if properly managed,can contribute significantly towards the mitigation of rising CO_(2)levels.
文摘Restricted access to quality crops and markets limits the capacity of rural communities to generate income in the mountainous regions of South and Southeast Asia,often resulting in the exploitation of forest systems,a subsequent decline in forest health,and the need for alternative means of income generation as well as forest restoration programmes.Cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms has been shown to be a feasible alternative source of income and also contributes to the household nutrition of rural and impoverished communities.There are a number of ongoing programmes in South and Southeast Asia currently implementing trainings and demonstrative practices for the cultivation of mushrooms at the village level.In this context,we implemented different cultivation strategies in selected rural areas in the Chin State,Myanmar.The cultivation strategies were to 1)introduce mushroom cultivation using locally sourced raw materials as substrates for rural communities unfamiliar with mushroom cultivation;and 2)improve the technical knowledge of those already experienced in mushroom cultivation in order to increase yield and minimize challenges in production systems.We introduced Pleurotus sp.cultivation to mushroom growers in the Chin state,Myanmar.These cultivation strategies will help further improve and develop mushroom industries in rural areas and contribute to rural development.In addition,we focused on cultivation systems that incorporate the use of crop residues and woody substrates in order to ensure a sustainable,integrated approach.
基金the Key Research Project,Agroforestry System for Restoration and Bio-industry Technology Development(grant number 2017YFC0505101)Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China(grant number 2017YFC0505100)+1 种基金National Sciences Foundation,China(NSFC)(grant number 41771063)Thailand Science Research and Innovation grant Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas(grant number DBG6280009).Austin G.Smith at World Agroforestry(ICRAF),Kunming Institute of Botany,China,is thanked for the English editing.
文摘Intensive crop production,use of pesticides,and unsustainable farming practices are known to cause land degradation and soil contamination.Both have led to a decline in biodiversity and changes in the functional groups of soil microorganisms.Although physicochemical methods have been used to apply soil amendments to agricultural land,mushroom cultivation in agricultural land for soil improvement have been poorly studied.In-field mushroom cultivation is considered a good strategy for improving soil quality by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers.In this paper,we list the edible mushroom species suitable for growing in fields and summarize the important role that mushroom field cultivation can play in soil erosion control,nutrient cycling,and the bioremediation of contaminants.Decomposition,symbiosis,assimilation,degradation,bioweathering,oxidation,biosorption,and bioconversion are all critical components of mushroom field cultivation.Research has shown that field mushroom cultivation contributes to nutritional bioavailability while also promoting the degradation of pollutants and formation of soil aggregates.Through soil amendment practices,a portion of agricultural waste can be converted into high-quality food and nutraceutical sources,and the remaining organic matter improves soil quality via fungal mycelial networks and the re-use of spent mushroom substrates.Only a small number of mushroom species have been used in the application of soil amendments in field conditions.This review shows the need for further research into specific mushroom species for achieving different soil amendment goals in order to balance agricultural development with sustainable land management.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDB31000000Naritsada Thongklang would like to thank Thailand research fund grants“Study of saprobic Agaricales in Thailand to find new industrial mushroom products”(Grant No.DBG6180015)+10 种基金Mae Fah Luang University grant“Optimal conditions for domestication and biological activities of selected species of Ganoderrma”(Grant No.621C1535)K.D.Hyde and Naritsada Thongklang would like to thanks to Thailand research fund grants“Domestication and bioactive evaluation of Thai Hymenopellis,Oudemansiella,Xerula and Volvariella species(basidiomycetes)”(Grant No.DBG6180033)K.D.Hyde thanks the financial support from the Visiting Professor grant at Chiang Mai University,Thailand and KIB.The authors acknowledge the contribution of M.M.Vasanthakumari,K.M.Manasa and P.Rajani,in various stages of preparation of the manuscript.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Number 2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation.Associate Professor R Jeewon thanks University of Mauritius for support.Binu C.Samarakoon offers her sincere gratitude to the“National Research Council of Thailand”(NRCT Grant No.256108A3070006)for the financial supportPeter E Mortimer would like to thank the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following Grants:41761144055,41771063,Y4ZK111B01M.Doilom would like to thank Chiang Mai University,the 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province and the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.T.S.Suryanarayanan thanks the United States-India Educational Foundation(USIEF)New Delhi and the Fulbright Scholar Program(USA)for the award of a Fulbright-Nehru Senior Researcher grant to conduct research in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,The Ohio State University,USA.Thanks to Research and Researchers for Industries Grant(PHD57I0015)for financial support to Boontiya Chuankid.Birthe Sandargo is grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)for a PhD grant.Clara Chepkirui is indebted to a PhD stipend from the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Kenya National Council for Science and Technology(NACOSTI)Kevin D Hyde would also like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand grants Thailands’Fungal Diversity,Solving Problems and Creating Biotechnological Products(Grant No.61201321016)This work is partly supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India,New Delhi(Chemical Ecology of the North East Region(NER)of India:A collaborative programme Linking NER and Bangalore ResearchersDBT-NER/Agri/24/2013)and Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR-CAAST-Project F.No./NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)Government of India,New Delhi.
文摘Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of organisms.Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and animals,fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms.The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry.Moreover,fungi can be grown with relative ease,making production at scale viable.The search for fungal biodiversity,and the construction of a living fungi collection,both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products.This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology.We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers.We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products.Fungi have provided the world with penicillin,lovastatin,and other globally significant medicines,and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.
基金CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(grant number 2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)+45 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489 for financial research supportthe Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province,Foreign Talents Program(2018,Grant No.YNZ2018002)Thailand Research grants entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans(Grant No:RSA5980068)the future of specialist fungi in a changing climate:baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants,Rhododendron species and Dracaena species(Grant No:DBG6080013)Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion(Grant No:RDG6130001)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SMC014)the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063 and Y4ZK111B01the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS(Belgium)for travel grantsCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 31750110478)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2019PC0008)supported under the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)in the form of a PhD fellowship(Grant No.001/FSHP/2011/CSTE)the Principal Chief Conservator of forests,Kerala State,for granting permission(No.WL10-4937/2012,dated 03-10-2013)to collect agarics from the forests of Keralathe Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi,India,in the form of an award of CSIR Research Associateship(09/043(0178)2K17 dated:31/03/2017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31470152 and 31360014)the Foundation of Innovative Group of Edible Mushrooms Industry of Beijing(Project ID:BAIC05-2017)the 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province and the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science FoundationCNPq for the Ph.D scholarship of RLMA(140283/2016-1)Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Fungos(UFPE,Brazil)Capes(Capes-SIU 008/13)CNPq(PQ 307601/2015-3)FACEPE(APQ 0375-2.03/15)for funding the researchfinancial support from the Agreement ENDESA and San Ignacio de Huinay Foundations and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,CSIC(Projects No.2011HUIN10,2013CL0012,2014CL0011)the AECID(Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo)and Plan Nacional I+D+i project no.CGL2015-67459-Psupported by a Predoctoral Grant from the Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad(Spain)(BES-2016-077793)Croatian Science Foundation for their partial support under the project HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736(ForFungiDNA)supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Koreathe Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR and Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE)in part carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(PJ013744)Rural Development Administration,and BK21 PLUS program funded by Ministry of Education,Republic of Koreathe CASTWAS for the PhD Fellowship.Sanjay K.Singh,Paras Nath Singh,Shiwali Rana and Frank Kwekucher Ackah thank Director,MACS,Agharkar Research Institute,Pune,India for providing facilities.Shiwali Rana and Frank Kwekucher Ackah thank UGC(Junior Research Fellowship)and DST,Govt.of India(CV Raman Fellowship for African Researchers),respectively.Gen-Nuo Wang,Huang Zhang,Wei Dong and Xian-Dong Yu thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017).Bandarupalli Devadatha and V.Venkateswara Sarma thank The Ministry of Earth sciences,Govt.of India(Sanction order:MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV dt.14.1.2015)for a funding of the project,T,District Forest Office,Tiruvarur,Tamil Nadu and PCCF(Head of Forest Force),Chennai,Tamil Nadu Forest Department for providing permission to collect samples from Muthupet mangroves,and Department of Biotechnology,Pondicherry University is thanked for providing the facilities.Myung Soo Park,Seung-Yoon Oh and Young Woon Lim thank the Marine Bio Resource Bank Program of the Ministry of Ocean&Fisheries,Korea.Olinto Pereira thanks the CAPES,CNPq and FAPEMIG for financial support.Neven Matocˇec,Ivana Kusˇan and Margita Jadan express their gratitude to Livio Lorenzon,Enrico Bizio and Raffaella Trabucco(MCVE)for their kind help with loan of Sarcopeziza sicula type materialparts of their research were financed by Public Institutions Sjeverni Velebit National Park and Paklenica National Parkthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013,NSFC 31260087,NSFC 31460561)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX186)utilization of endophytes and the Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Project of Yunnan Provincesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31760014)and the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2017]5788)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No MRG6080089 for financial research supportThe Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD60K0147)under Thailand Research Fund,for financial research supports on project entitle"Fungi on limestone outcrops from southern Thailand to lower himalyas"the National Research Council of Thailand(Grant No.61215320023,61215320013)the Thailand Research Fund(Grant No.TRG6180001)for research financial supportthe Thailand Research Fund(RTA 5880006)Chiang Mai University for partially support this research workChina-Thailand Joint Lab on Microbial Biotechnology(Most KY201701011)for financial supportthe Mushroom Research Foundation for research financial support and PhD Fellowships.
文摘This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.
基金the Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province,Foreign Talents Program(2018,Grant No.YNZ2018002)Thailand Research grants entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans(Grant No.RSA5980068)+60 种基金the future of specialist fungi in a changing climate:baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants,Rhododendron species and Dracaena species(Grant No.DBG6080013)Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion(Grant No.RDG6130001)Chiang Mai University for the award of visiting ProfessorCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 31750110478)supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Koreain part by the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR and Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE)in part carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(PJ013744),Rural Development Administration,Republic of Koreain part supported by the BK21 plus program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea.Jian-Kui Liu thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31600032)the CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)for a research grant(309058/2015-5)funding for collecting trips(401186/2014-8)a collaborative project with RL as Special Visiting Professor(314570/2014-4)Funding for phylogenetic work on Graphidaceae was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation(NSF)to The Field Museum:DEB-1025861"ATM-Assembling a taxonomic monograph:The lichen family Graphidaceae"PI Thorsten Lumbsch,CoPI Robert Luckingthe CAPES,CNPq,and FAPEMIG for financial support and ICMBio/FLONA-Paraopeba for providing facilities and permits for the exploration surveys of the mycodiversity in their protected areasthe Graduate Program for the Biodiversity and Biotechnology Network of the Legal Amazon(UFPA-MPEG,Brazil)the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico Programa de Capacitacao for the scholarship to AMSS(Programa de Capacitacao Institucional 303073/2018-7)CNPq(Sisbiota 563342/2010-2,PROTAX 562106/2010-3)FACEPE(APQ 0788-2.03/12)for funding this researchsupport by a long-term research development project No.RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences,Institute of Botanyfinancial support from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cientifico(CNPq)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project IDs GJL:31500013,RLZ:31470152 and 31360014)for financial supportjoint project of the Charles Darwin Foundation(CDF)and the Galapagos National Park(DPNG),part of a national biodiversity assessment"Biodiversidad Genetica del Ecuador"led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador(INABIO)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No.MRG6080089 entitledTaxonomy and phylogeny of foliar fungi from Mangrove and to Dr.Putarak Chomnuntithe Thailand Research Fund(No.TRG6180001)the National Research Council of Thailand(No.61215320023)Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiation of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn-Mae Fah Luang Universitygrateful to Croatian Science Foundation for their financial support under the project HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736(For-FungiDNA)the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program under Thailand Research Fund(RGJ)for a personal grant to C.Phukhamsakda(The scholarship no.PHD/0020/2557 to study towards a PhD)China-Thailand Joint Lab on Microbial Biotechnology(Most KY201701011)for financial supportCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for young staff(Grant No.2019FYC0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489 for financial supportthe National Research Council of Thailand(Grant No.256108A3070006)for financial supportthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31760014)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2016]2863)partially supported by Chiang Mai Universitythe Graduate Program for the Biodiversity and Biotechnology Network of the Legal Amazon(UFPA-MPEG),the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi(MPEG),the Universidade do Estado do Amapa and the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco for the logistical support of their laboratories and herbariaCNPq for the scholarship of AMSS(Programa de Capacitacao Institucional 303073/2018-7)CNPq(Sisbiota 563342/2010-2,PROTAX 562106/2010-3)and FACEPE(APQ 0788-2.03/12)for funding this researchthe ATM of the Paris'Museum and"l'Institut Ecologie et Environnement"(CNRS-INEE)for funding the field trip with Shelly Masi to Africaall the practical help and sharing her experiencemade possible through research permit 034/MENESR/DIRCAB/DGESRSTI/DRSTSPI/SSSTI/16 from the"Ministere de l'education nationale,de l’enseignement superieur et de la recherche scientifique"of the Central African Republicfinanced in part by the National Geographic Society(grants 6365-98,7921-05)in more recent years by the ATM-project"Past and present biodiversity"of the Museum national d’histoire naturelle(Dirs.Ph.Janvier and S.Peigne)University of Mauritius for research supportthe Thailand Research Fund(PHD60K0147)contribution number 2248 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos IslandsLakmali Dissanayake and Binu Samarakoon for their supportCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Number 2019PC0008)the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063 and Y4ZK111B01CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(Grant No.2018VBB0021)German Academic Exchange Service Fellowship(Grant No.57314018)Ministry of innovative development of the Republic of Uzbekistan(Projects No.P3-2014-0830174425 and PP-20170921183)for funding his research projectsthe 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province(Grant No.Y934283261)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913082271)their kind support on manuscript writing.Jianchu Xu thanks Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences"Response of Asian mountain ecosystems to global change",CAS(Grant No.QYZDYSSW-SMC014)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y913083271)the support from UID/MULTI/04046/2019 Research Unit grant from FCT,Portugal to BioISI.
文摘This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include one new family(viz.Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes),five new genera(Caatingomyces,Cryptoschizotrema,Neoacladium,Paramassaria and Trochilispora)and 71 new species,(viz.Acrogenospora thailandica,Amniculicola aquatica,A.guttulata,Angustimassarina sylvatica,Blackwellomyces lateris,Boubovia gelatinosa,Buellia viridula,Caatingomyces brasiliensis,Calophoma humuli,Camarosporidiella mori,Canalisporium dehongense,Cantharellus brunneopallidus,C.griseotinctus,Castanediella meliponae,Coprinopsis psammophila,Cordyceps succavus,Cortinarius minusculus,C.subscotoides,Diaporthe italiana,D.rumicicola,Diatrypella delonicis,Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis,D.taiwanense,Digitodesmium chiangmaiense,Distoseptispora dehongensis,D.palmarum,Dothiorella styphnolobii,Ellisembia aurea,Falciformispora aquatic,Fomitiporia carpinea,F.lagerstroemiae,Grammothele aurantiaca,G.micropora,Hermatomyces bauhiniae,Jahnula queenslandica,Kamalomyces mangrovei,Lecidella yunnanensis,Micarea squamulosa,Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae,Neoacladium indicum,Neodidymelliopsis sambuci,Neosetophoma miscanthi,N.salicis,Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae,N.thalictri,Paramassaria samaneae,Penicillium circulare,P.geumsanense,P.mali-pumilae,P.psychrotrophicum,P.wandoense,Phaeoisaria siamensis,Phaeopoacea asparagicola,Phaeosphaeria penniseti,Plectocarpon galapagoense,Porina sorediata,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis,Rhizophydium koreanum,Russula prasina,Sporoschisma chiangraiense,Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae,S.cocksii,S.papei,S.tschirnhausii,S.vikhrevii,Thysanorea uniseptata,Torula breviconidiophora,T.polyseptata,Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae).Further,twelve new combinations(viz.Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema,Prolixandromyces australi,P.elongatus,P.falcatus,P.longispinae,P.microveliae,P.neoalardi,P.polhemorum,P.protuberans,P.pseudoveliae,P.tenuistipitis and P.umbonatus),an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae,a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated.Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported(i.e.Acrostalagmus annulatus,Cantharellus goossensiae,Coprinopsis villosa,Dothiorella plurivora,Dothiorella rhamni,Dothiorella symphoricarposicola,Dictyocheirospora rotunda,Fasciatispora arengae,Grammothele brasiliensis,Lasiodiplodia iraniensis,Lembosia xyliae,Morenoina palmicola,Murispora cicognanii,Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii,Neolinocarpon rachidis,Nothophoma quercina,Peroneutypa scoparia,Pestalotiopsis aggestorum,Pilidium concavum,Plagiostoma salicellum,Protofenestella ulmi,Sarocladium kiliense,Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).
基金We also thank Siriporn Luesuwan for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria.A.Ariyawansa and J.C Kang are grateful to the International collaboration plan of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]7006)the construction of innovation talent team of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]4007)+19 种基金China.D.J.Bhat is thankful to MFU for a Visiting Professorship during the tenure of which this paper was finalized.D.L.Hawksworth contributed to this work while in receipt of support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(CGL2011-25003)Haixia Wu would like to thank the Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non-profit Institute to funds for research(No.CAFYBB2007002)thanks Xiaoming Chen,Ying Feng and Chen Hang(The Research Institute of Resource Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry,China)for their valuable help.Jian-Kui Liu would like to thank Manfred Binder for providing valuable suggestions and kind assistance on phylogenetic analysisWe would like to thank MFU grant No.56101020032 for funding to study taxonomy and phylogeny of selected families of DothideomycetesJiye Yan and Xinghong Li would like to thank CARS-30 for funds.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial supportK.L.Pang would like to thank National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support(NSC101-2621-B-019-001-MY3).L.Muggia is grateful to the Austrian Science Foundation for financial support(FWF,P24114-B16 and Herta-Firnberg Project T481-B20)M.Doilom would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee(RGJ)Ph.D.Program grant No.Ph.D./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2MP Nelsen and R Lücking are grateful to the NSF(DEB 0715660“Neotropical Epiphytic Microlichens-An Innovative Inventory of a Highly Diverse yet Little Known Group of Symbiotic Organisms”DEB 0717476“Systematics of Dothideomycetes”)MP Nelsen also acknowledges a Brown Family Fellowship through the Field Museum,a William Harper Rainey Fellowship through the University of Chicago,and support through the Committee on Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago.R.Phookamsak would like to thank the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)under the Thailand Research Fund for scholarship supportS.A.Alias would like to thank Program Rakan University Malaya(PRPUM)-Phylogeny,Taxonomy,Relationships and Biotechnological Potential of Sooty Moulds.S.Boonmee also thanks Amy Y.Rossman and the U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service,Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab(SMML)USA for laboratory,funding support and advice on her work.S.Boonmee and P.Chomnunti would like to thank TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_251181,BRT R_253012the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai Province for funding support.S.Wikee would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program agreement No PhD/0198/2552S.Wikee and JK Liu would like to thank The National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for the award of grant No 55201020002 to study the genus Phyllosticta in ThailandS.Suetrong acknowledges the financial support by TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_351004 and BRT R_325015 to study marine fungi of ThailandSuetrong also thanks Morakot Tanticharoen,Kanyawim Kirtikara and Lily Eurwilaichitr,BIOTEC,Bangkok for their continued interest and support.Supalak Yacharoen,J.Monkai and K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(BRG5280002)for financial supportGareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.Y.Wang would like to thank The International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004)Yongxiang Liu would like to thank the Guizhou Research Fund(QKHZYZ[2010]5031 and QNKYYZX[2012]010)for financial supportHarrie Sipman is thanked for comments on part of the manuscript.
文摘Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botanythe National Research Council of Thailand(grant for Pestalotiopsis No:55201020008)+3 种基金Mae Fah Luang University(grant for Pestalotiopsis No:55101020004)for financial supportthe University of Malaya for grant number RU006H-2014 entitled“diversity and importance of fungal mangrove disease”Financial support to Julia Pawłowska and Marta Wrzosek was partially provided by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education(MNiSW),grant no.NN303_548839financial support from FORMAS(215-2011-498).
文摘Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry.They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density.Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi.Molecular(DNA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods.To facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic insights.Lineagespecific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also provided.We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge.Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort.Bipolaris,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,Mucor,Neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper.
基金K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project Number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Financial support by the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Thai Royal Golden Ph.D.Jubilee-Industry program(RGJ)for a joint TRF-DAAD PPP(2012-2014)academic exchange grant to K.D.Hyde and M.Stadler,and the RGJ for a personal grant to B.Thongbai(No.Ph.D/0138/2553 in 4.S.MF/53/A.3)is gratefully acknowledged.Chayanard Phukhamsakda(PHD/0020/2557)acknowledges the The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program under the Thailand Research Fund.Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2)under the Thailand Research Fund.Ausana Mapook is grateful to Research and Researchers for Industries(RRI)PHD57I0012.Rungtiwa Phookamsak sincerely appreciates The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551 in 4.S.MF/51/A.1)under the Thailand Research Fund for financial support.Qi Zhao thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360015)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9 and KIB2016002)+11 种基金KNAR acknowledges support from the University Grants Commission(UGC),India,in the form of a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship(Grant No.F.14-2(SC)/2009(SA-III)(and the permissions given to him for collecting agaric specimens from the forests of Kerala by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests,Government of Kerala(WL12-4042/2009 dated 05-08-2009)This Project was funded by the National Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation(MAARIFAH),King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Award Number(12-BIO2840-02)B.K.Cui thanked for the finance by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2016ZCQ04)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31422001)We would like to thank Dr.Marcela E.S.Cáceres for translating the German description of Clavulinopsis,the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientí-fico(CNPq)for the master scholarship of LSAN,the PósGraduac¸ǎo em Biologia de Fungos(UFPE,Brazil),CNPq(Protax 562106/2010-3,Sisbiota 563342/2010-2,Universal 472792/2011-3)FACEPE(APQ-0788-2.03/12)for financing this research.H.B.Lee was supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea,and by the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea,funded by NIBR and NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE),and in part by a fund from National Institute of Animal Science under Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.Aniket Ghosh,Priyanka Uniyal and R.P.Bhatt are grateful to the Head,Department of Botany&Microbiology,HNB Garhwal University,Srinagar Garhwal for providing all kinds of facilities during the present study.Kanad Das and Abhishek Baghela are thankful to the Director,Botanical Survey of India,Kolkata and Director,MACS’Agharkar Research Institute,Pune respectively for providing facilities.UGC provided fellowship to Aniket Ghosh and Priyanka Unial.Field assistance rendered by Mr.Tahir Mehmood and Mr.Upendra Singh(HNBGU)are also duly acknowledged.Tuula Niskanen,Kare Liimatainen,Ilkka Kytövuori,Joe Ammirati,Ba´lint Dima,and Dimitar Bojantchev would like to acknowledge Heino Vänskäfor the help with nomenclature.We are grateful to the curators of H and S.This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Environment,Finland(YM38/5512/2009)and OskarÖflunds Stiftelse.The authors thanks Dr.Kerstin Voigt for the inestimable help in critical reviewing the lower fungi entries,the Coordenac¸ǎo de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de Nı´vel Superior(CAPES)and Fundac¸ǎo de AmparoàCiência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco(FACEPE)for the postgraduate scholarships to Diogo X.Lima and Carlos A.F.de Souza,respectively.We also thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)and FACEPE for financial support through the projects:‘Mucoromycotina in upland forests from the semi-arid of Pernambuco’(CNPq-458391/2014-0),and‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in different ecosystems of the Pernambuco’s Atlantic Rainforest’(FACEPE-APQ 0842-2.12/14).Z.L Luo and H.Y Su would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31460015)for financial support on Study of the distribution pattern and driving factors of aquatic fungal diversity in the region of Three Parallel Rivers.C.Phukhamsakda would like to thank Dr.Matthew P.Nelsen for his valuable suggestions.Saranyaphat Boonmee thanks to the Thailand Research Fund,project number TRG5880152 and Mae Fah Luang University for a Grant Number 2559A30702006C.G.Lin and Y.Wang thank for the finance by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31560489)Fundamental Research on Science and Technology,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014FY120100)Haixia Wu would like to thank Dr.Shaun Pennycook for his kindly nomenclatural review and thanked for the finance by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31300019)S.C.Karunarathna,P.E.Mortimer and J.C.Xu would like to thank the World Agroforestry Centre,East and Central Asia OfficeKey Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencethe ChineseMinistry of Science and Technology,under the 12th 5-year National Key Technology Support Program(NKTSP)2013 BAB07B06 integration and comprehensive demonstration of key technologies on Green Phosphate-mountaion Construction and the CGIAR Research Program 6:Forest,Trees and Agroforestry for partial funding.The National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT),projects-Taxonomy,phylogeny and cultivation of Lentinus species in northern Thailand(NRCT/55201020007)is also thanked.K.Tanaka and A.Hashimoto would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,26291084,16K07474,16J07243).
文摘This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium unicellulare,Le.voraginesporum,Leptosphaeria cirsii,Leptosphaeria irregularis,Leptospora galii,Le.thailandica,Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis,Lophiotrema bambusae,Lo.fallopiae,Meliola citri-maximae,Minimelanolocus submersus,Montagnula cirsii,Mortierella fluviae,Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neomassaria fabacearum,Neomassarina thailandica,Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi,Neo.cytisinus,Neo.minima,Neopestalotiopsis cocoe¨s,Neopestalotiopsis musae,Neoroussoella lenispora,Neotorula submersa,Neotruncatella endophytica,Nodulosphaeria italica,Occultibambusa aquatica,Oc.chiangraiensis,Ophiocordyceps hemisphaerica,Op.lacrimoidis,Paracapsulospora metroxyli,Pestalotiopsis sequoiae,Peziza fruticosa,Pleurotrema thailandica,Poaceicola arundinis,Polyporus mangshanensis,Pseudocoleophoma typhicola,Pseudodictyosporium thailandica,Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi,Purpureocillium sodanum,Ramariopsis atlantica,Rhodocybe griseoaurantia,Rh.indica,Rh.luteobrunnea,Russula indoalba,Ru.pseudoamoenicolor,Sporidesmium aquaticivaginatum,Sp.olivaceoconidium,Sp.pyriformatum,Stagonospora forlicesenensis,Stagonosporopsis centaureae,Terriera thailandica,Tremateia arundicola,Tr.guiyangensis,Trichomerium bambusae,Tubeufia hyalospora,Tu.roseohelicospora and Wojnowicia italica.New combinations are given for Hermatomyces mirum and Pallidocercospora thailandica.A neotype is proposed for Cortinarius fulvescens.Reference specimens are given for Aquaphila albicans,Leptospora rubella,Platychora ulmi and Meliola pseudosasae,while new host or distribution records are provided for Diaporthe eres,Di.siamensis,Di.foeniculina,Dothiorella iranica,Do.sarmentorum,Do.vidmadera,Helvella tinta and Vaginatispora fuckelii,with full taxonomic details.An asexual state is also reported for the first time in Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum.This paper contributes to a more comprehensive update and improved identification of many ascomycetes and basiodiomycetes.
基金This study was supported by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(973 Program No.2012CB416904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.90302013)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(2005C0056M)Wang K.C.Foundation,and grants(DEB-0620910,DEB-0218039)from U.S.National Science FoundationThe work was also partially funded by the CG Research Program 6:Forests,Trees and Agroforestry.ADNA sequence data are available via GenBank(accession no.KF411754-KF412201).
文摘In forest ecosystems,plant communities shape soil fungal communities through the provisioning of carbon.Although the variation in forest composition with latitude is well established,little is known about how soil fungal communities vary with latitude.We collected soil samples from 17 forests,along a latitudinal transect in western China.Forest types covered included boreal,temperate,subtropical and tropical forests.We used 454 pyrosequencing techniques to analyze the soil communities.These data were correlated with abiotic and biotic variables to determine which factors most strongly influenced fungal community composition.Our results indicated that temperature,latitude,and plant diversity most strongly influence soil fungal community composition.Fungal diversity patterns were unimodal,with temperate forests(mid latitude)exhibiting the greatest diversity.Furthermore,these diversity patterns indicate that fungal diversity was highest in the forest systems with the lowest tree diversity(temperate forests).Different forest systems were dominated by different fungal subgroups,ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated in boreal and temperate forests;endomycorrhizal fungi dominated in the tropical rainforests,and non-mycorrhizal fungi were best represented in subtropical forests.Our results suggest that soil fungal communities are strongly dependent on vegetation type,with fungal diversity displaying an inverse relationship to plant diversity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770013,No.31500013,No.31000013,No.31360014,No.31470152)the Special Program of Basic Science of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2012FY111600)the Technology of and International Cooperation Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2009DFA31160)of the People’s Republic of China,and the opening funding of State key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences for funding。
文摘Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini.The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus,A.luteofibrillosus,Amanita atrobrunnea,A.digitosa,A.gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.strobilipes,Bondarzewia tibetica,Cortinarius albosericeus,C.badioflavidus,C.dentigratus,C.duboisensis,C.fragrantissimus,C.roseobasilis,C.vinaceobrunneus,C.vinaceogrisescens,C.wahkiacus,Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus,Fomitiporia atlantica,F.subtilissima,Ganoderma wuzhishanensis,Inonotus shoreicola,Lactifluus armeniacus,L.ramipilosus,Leccinum indoaurantiacum,Musumecia alpina,M.sardoa,Russula amethystina subp.tengii and R.wangii are introduced.Descriptions,illustrations,notes and/or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes,Dentocorticium ussuricum,Galzinia longibasidia,Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum.The other new genera,species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus,Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota,Phytophthora estuarina,P.rhizophorae,Salispina,S.intermedia,S.lobata and S.spinosa from Oomycota,and Absidia stercoraria,Gongronella orasabula,Mortierella calciphila,Mucor caatinguensis,M.koreanus,M.merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.
文摘Astrosphaeriella sensu lato is a common genus occurring on bamboo,palms and stout grasses.Species of Astrosphaeriella have been collected from various countries in tropical,subtropical or temperate regions.In Asia,species have been collected in Brunei,China,Indonesia,Japan,Philippines and Vietnam.There have been several morphological studies on Astrosphaeriella,but molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are generally lacking.Taxa included in Astrosphaeriella were characterized in three main groups 1)typical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu stricto)having carbonaceous,erumpent,conical ascostromata 2)atypical Astrosphaeriella species(sensu lato)having immersed,coriaceous ascostromata with short to long papilla and 3)lophiostoma-like species having immersed ascostromata with slit-like openings.Some of the latter Astrosphaeriella species,having slit-like openings,have been transferred to Fissuroma and Rimora in Aigialaceae.In this study five type specimens of Astrosphaeriella were loaned from herbaria worldwide and re-examined and are re-described and illustrated.Collections of Astrosphaeriella were also made in Thailand and morphologically examined.Pure cultures were obtained from single spores and used in molecular studies.The asexual morph was induced on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence data of astrosphaeriella-like species using Bayesian,Maximum parsimony(MP)and Randomized Accelerated Maximum Likelihood(RAxML)analyses were carried out.Phylogenetic analyses show that species of Astrosphaeriella can be distinguished in at least three families.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu stricto with erumpent,carbonaceous ascostromata,form a strongly supported clade with Pteridiospora species and a new family,Astrosphaeriellaceae,is introduced to accommodate these taxa.The genera are revised and Astrosphaeriella bambusae,A.neofusispora,A.neostellata,A.thailandica,A.thysanolaenae and Pteridiospora chiangraiensis are introduced as new species.Astrosphaeriella exorrhiza is reported on a dead stem of Thysanolaena maxima and is the first record for Thailand.Reference specimens for A.fusispora and A.tornata are designated to stabilize the taxonomy of Astrosphaeriella.The coelomycetous asexual morph of A.bambusae is reported and forms hyaline,globose to subglobose,aseptate conidia.Species of Astrosphaeriella sensu lato with immersed,coriaceous ascostromata,with short to long papilla and striate ascospores,form a sister clade with Tetraplosphaeriaceae.The genus Pseudoastrosphaeriella is introduced to accommodate some of these taxa with three new species and three new combinations,viz.P.aequatoriensis,P.africana,P.bambusae,P.longicolla,P.papillata and P.thailandensis.A new family Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae is introduced to accommodate this presently monotypic lineage comprising Pseudoastrosphaeriella.The asexual morph of P.thailandensis is described.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana forms a distinct clade basal to Aigialaceae.Astrosphaeriella bakeriana is excluded from Astrosphaeriella and a new genus Astrosphaeriellopsis,placed in Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis,is introduced to accommodate this taxon.Fissuroma aggregata(Aigialaceae)is re-visited and is shown to be a cryptic species.Three new species of Fissuroma and a new combination are introduced based on morphology and phylogeny viz.F.bambusae,F.fissuristoma,F.neoaggregata and F.thailandicum.The asexual morph of Fissuroma bambusae is also reported.
基金The research was supported by 1)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9).K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial support.This project was supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.This project was also supported by NSTIP strategic technologies program,number(12-BIO2840-02)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.B.Buyck and V.Hofstetter acknowledge the ATM“Emergences”(Dirs.P.Janvier&S.Peigné)from the National museum of natural history,Paris,for financial support related to sequencing as well as travel expenses in Madagascar.Overseas travel of B.Buyck was funded by the ATM research program“Etat et structure phylogénétique de la biodiversitéactuelle et fossile”of the Paris’Museum.(director Ph.Janvier)S.Adamčík acknowledges funding by his national Slovak Project VEGA 02/0075/14.B.D.Shenoy acknowledges funding to visit Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai under Indo-Thailand bilateral programme(THAI-1205).The Lewis family is warmly thanked for their generous hospitality,offering excellent and very agreeable working and field condition.K.Wisitrassameewong and A.Verbeken were financially supported by the joint doctorate program of the“Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds Gent University”(BOF),Gent University.This research was also financial supported by The Biodiversity and Training Program(BRT R 149009)and Interaction Laboratory(BMIT),National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)Khlong Luang,Pathum Thani 12120,Thailand.Thanks are extended to the Thailand Research Fund grant(BRG 5580009)under the research grant entitled“Taxonomy,Phylogeny and Biochemistry of Thai Basidiomycetes”for financial support.J.Chen and R.L.Zhao would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31000013,31360014 and 31470152).Uwe Braun,Walter Jaklitsch,Tom May,Marc Stadler and Jo Taylor,are thanks for commenting on some parts of the manuscript.Shaun Pennycook is thanked for checking and suggesting corrections to most of the Latin names.
文摘This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology.The family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae.The new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,A.muriformia,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,C.aureum,C.frutexensis,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,C.sibiraeae,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,D.meiosporum,D.thailandicum,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,K.spartii,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,L.ravennicum,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,N.italica,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,P.thysanolaenae,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,P.dracontomelon,P.italiana,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tamarindi,Pseudotrichia rubriostiolata,P.thailandica,Psiloglonium multiseptatum,Saagaromyces mangrovei,Sarimanas pseudofluviatile,S.shirakamiense,Tothia spartii,Trichomerium siamensis,Wojnowicia dactylidicola,W.dactylidis and W.lonicerae.The Basidiomycota Agaricus flavicentrus,A.hanthanaensis,A.parvibicolor,A.sodalis,Cantharellus luteostipitatus,Lactarius atrobrunneus,L.politus,Phylloporia dependens and Russula cortinarioides are also introduced.Epitypifications or reference specimens are designated for Hapalocystis berkeleyi,Meliola tamarindi,Pallidocercospora acaciigena,Phaeosphaeria musae,Plenodomus agnitus,Psiloglonium colihuae,P.sasicola and Zasmidium musae while notes and/or new sequence data are provided for Annulohypoxylon leptascum,A.nitens,A.stygium,Biscogniauxia marginata,Fasciatispora nypae,Hypoxylon fendleri,H.monticulosum,Leptosphaeria doliolum,Microsphaeropsis olivacea,Neomicrothyrium,Paraleptosphaeria nitschkei,Phoma medicaginis and Saccotheciaceae.A full description of each species is provided with light micrographs(or drawings).Molecular data is provided for 90 taxa and used to generate phylogenetic trees to establish a natural classification for species.
基金funding this project.Also,value added products from basidiomycetes:Putting Thailand’s biodiversity to use(BRN049/2553)the French-Thai cooperation PHC SIAM 2011(project 25587RA)+2 种基金the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)the project-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and cultivation of Lentinus species in northern Thailand(NRCT/55201020007)Fund(TRF)project number BRG5580009 and Mae Fah Luang University,the project-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and cultivation of Lentinus species in northern Thailand(MFU/54101020048)are thanked for providing support to this study.
文摘Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such as those within the Greater Mekong Subregion,wild harvesting and mushroom cultivation provides a much-needed alternative source of income for rural households.However,this has led to over-harvesting and ultimately environmental degradation in certain areas,thus management guidelines allowing for a more sustained approach to the use of wild mushrooms is required.This article addresses a selection of the most popular and highly sought after edible mushrooms from Greater Mekong Subregion:Astraeus hygrometricus,Boletus edulis,Morchella conica,Ophiocordyceps sinensis,Phlebopus portentosus,Pleurotus giganteus,Termitomyces eurhizus,Thelephora ganbajun,Tricholoma matsuake,and Tuber indicum in terms of value,ecology and conservation.The greatest threat to these and many other mushroom species is that of habitat loss and over-harvesting of wild stocks,thus,by creating awareness of these issues we wish to enable a more sustainable use of these natural products.Thus our paper provides baseline data for these fungi so that future monitoring can establish the effects of continued harvesting on mushroom populations and the related host species.
基金The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)under Thailand Research Fund,Humidtropics,a CGIAR Research Program that aims to develop new opportunities for improved livelihoods in a sustainable environmentMae Fah Luang University(grant for study Dothideomycetes No.56101020032)are gratefully thanked for partially funding this work.
文摘Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family in the order Pleosporales which includes economically important plant pathogens.Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on plant hosts,especially on monocotyledons(e.g.,Cannaceae,Cyperaceae,Juncaceae,Poaceae);some species have also been reported on dicotyledons.The family previously accommodated 35 sexual and asexual genera and comprised more than 300 species with a range of morphological characters.The morphological characters of taxa in this family are often ambiguous and can be confused with other taxa in Leptosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae.Fourteen specimens of the type genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae were loaned from herbaria worldwide and were re-examined and illustrated.Fresh collections were obtained from Italy and Thailand,characterized,examined,isolated into pure culture and used to obtain molecular data.The asexual state was induced where possible on sterile bamboo pieces placed on water agar.Multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS,LSU,SSU,RPB2 and TEF1 sequence datasets were carried out using maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis.Molecular analyses shows that 21 genera(Amarenomyces,Ampelomyces,Chaetosphaeronema,Dematiopleospora,Entodesmium,Loratospora,Neosetophoma,Neostagonospora,Nodulosphaeria,Ophiobolus,Ophiosphaerella,Paraphoma,Parastagonospora,Phaeosphaeria,Phaeosphaeriopsis,Sclerostagonospora,Setomelanomma,Setophoma,Vrystaatia,Wojnowicia and Xenoseptoria)belong in Phaeosphaeriaceae,while seven genera(Amarenographium,Bricookea,Dothideopsella,Eudarluca,Phaeostagonospora,Scolecosporiella and Tiarospora)are included based on morphological data.Amarenomyces is reinstated and Nodulosphaeria is confirmed in Phaeosphaeriaceae.Eudarluca is distinguished from Sphaerellopsis based on its morphological characters and is typical of Phaeosphaeriaceae.ITS gene phylogenetic analys is indicates that Sphaerellopsis belongs to Leptosphaeriaceae.Ophiobolus species form a clade within Phaeosphaeriaceae while Ophiosphaerella is shown to be polyphyletic.Phaeosphaeria sensu stricto is redefined.Two new species of Phaeosphaeria and one of Phaeosphaeriopsis are introduced while the asexual states of Phaeosphaeria chiangraina and Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola are reported.Scolicosporium minkeviciusii forms a sister clade with Neostagonospora and Parastagonospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,Scolicosporium minkeviciusii is not the type species.Thus,the placement of Scolicosporium sensu stricto in Phaeosphaeriaceae is questionable.Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU genes,confirm the placement of Septoriella oudemansii in Phaeosphaeriaceae.However,it is not represented by the generic type,thus the placement of Septoriella is questionable.Setophaeosphaeria is excluded from Phaeosphariaceae as the type species,Sp.hemerocallidis forms a clade at the base of Cucurbitariaceae.Wilmia clusters in Didymosphaeriaceae and is synonymized under Letendraea.Barria,Chaetoplea,Hadrospora,Lautitia,Metameris,Mixtura and Pleoseptum are excluded from Phaeosphaeriaceae based on their morphological characters.The asexual genera Mycopappus and Xenostigmina are excluded from this family based on the phylogenetic evidence;these genera form a clade close to Melanommataceae.
基金Saowaluck Tibpromma would like to thank the Molecular Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for facilities for molecular work,the Mushroom Research Foundation(MRF)Chiang Rai,Thailand for the financial support of her study and Shaun Pennycook is thanked for nomenclatural advice.K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund Grant No.RSA5980068 entitled“Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans”+21 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project Number 2013T2S0030for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany and National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)for a grants“Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae”(Grant No.:592010200112)“Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice”(Grant No.:60201000201)for supporting this study.S.C.Karunarathna,P.E.Mortimer and J.C.Xu would like to thank the World Agroforestry Centre,East and Central Asia OfficeKey Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencethe ChineseMinistry of Science and Technology,under the 12th 5-year National Key Technology Support Program(NKTSP)2013 BAB07B06 integration and comprehensive demonstration of key technologies on Green Phosphate-mountaion Construction and the CGIAR Research Program 6:Forest,Trees and Agroforestry for partial funding.The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research group NO(RG-1436-025)Financial support by the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Thai Royal Golden Ph.D.Jubilee-Industry program(RGJ)for a joint TRFDAAD PPP(2012-2014)academic exchange grant to K.D.Hyde and M.Stadler,and the RGJ for a personal grant to B.Thongbai(No.Ph.D/0138/2553 in 4.S.MF/53/A.3)is gratefully acknowledged.Chayanard Phukhamsakda(PHD/0020/2557)acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program under the Thailand Research Fund.Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2)under the Thailand Research Fund.Ausana Mapook is grateful to Research and Researchers for Industries(RRI)PHD57I0012.Rungtiwa Phookamsak expresses sincere appreciation to The CAS President’s International Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers(Project No.2017PB0072)Qi Zhao thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360015)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9 and KIB2016002).Andre´Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago,Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza,Diogo Xavier Lima,Rafael Jose´Vilela de Oliveira and Gladstone Alves da Silva would like to thank the Coordenac¸a˜o de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de Nı´vel Superior(Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)(CAPES)and the Fundac¸a˜o de Amparo a`Cieˆncia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco(Foundation for the support of Science and Technology of the state of Pernambuco)(FACEPE)for the postgraduate scholarships awarded to Diogo X.Lima and Carlos A.F.de Souza,respectively.We would also like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientı´fico e Tecnolo´gico(National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)(CNPq)and FACEPE for financial support through the projects:‘Mucoromycotina in upland forests in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco’(CNPq-458391/2014-0)‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in different ecosystems of the Pernambuco Atlantic Rainforest’(FACEPE-APQ 0842-2.12/14).H.B.Lee was supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea,and by the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR and Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE)and in part by a fund from National Institute of Animal Science under Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.Z.L Luo and H.Y Su would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31460015)for financial support on Study of the distribution pattern and driving factors of aquatic fungal diversity in the region of Three Parallel Rivers.Saranyaphat Boonmee thanks the National Research Council of Thailand,project number 2560A30702021the Thailand Research Fund,project number TRG5880152 for providing financial support.C.G.Lin and Y.Wang thank the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31560489)Fundamental Research on Science and Technology,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014FY120100)Mr.Jingzu Sun thank for the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.31600024)Wei Dong thanks the for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017 to Huang Zhang)P.N.Singh,A.Baghela,S.K.Singh,and S.Aamir thank the Director,MACS’Agharkar Research Institute,Pune,India for providing facilities and Rajendra Singh(Department of Zoology,DDU Gorakhpur University,UP,India)for identification of insect-host.Saisamorn Lumyong and Rene K.Schumacher are thanked for valuable suggestions and collecting specimens.K.N.A.Raj acknowledges support from the University Grants Commission(UGC)India,in the form of a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship(Grant No.F.14-2(SC)/2009(SA-III))K.N.A.Raj also acknowledges the permissions given to him for collecting agaric specimens from the forests of Kerala by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests,Government of Kerala(WL12-4042/2009 dated 5 August 2009).K.P.D.Latha acknowledges the financial support from the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)in the form of a PhD fellowship(Grant No.001/FSHP/2011/CSTE)K.P.D.Latha also acknowledges the permission(No.WL10-4937/2012,dated 3-10-2013)given to her by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests,Government of Kerala,to collect agaric specimens from the forests of Kerala.Zdenko Tkalcec has been partially supported by Croatian Science Foundation under the project HRZZ-IP-11-2013-2202(ACCTA)is grateful to Milan Cerkez for his great contribution to the study of coprinoid and coprophilous fungi in Croatia.Vladimir Antonı´n thank the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development programme for research institutions(DKRVO,ref.MK000094862)T.C.Wen,Y.P.Xiao,C.Norphanphoun and K.K.Hapuarachchi are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31460012)and the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2016]2863)Y.W.Lim would like to thanks NIBR supporting the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea.Kanad Das and Dyutiparna Chakraborty are thankful to the Director,Botanical Survey of India(BSI)and Scientist-in-Charge,BSI,Gangtok for providing facilities during this study.Sinchan Adhikari,Joydeep Karmakar and Tapas Kumar Bandyopadhyay would like to acknowledge DST-PURSE and DST-FIST for providing central instrumentation facilities and Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013).
文摘This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and described.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic positions of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are proposed,we apply an integrative approach using morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable.Notes on 112 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper including Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae,Didysimulans gen.nov.,81 new species,18 new host records and new country records,five reference specimens,two new combinations,and three sexual and asexual morph reports.The new species are Amanita cornelii,A.emodotrygon,Angustimassarina alni,A.arezzoensis,A.italica,A.lonicerae,A.premilcurensis,Ascochyta italica,A.rosae,Austroboletus appendiculatus,Barriopsis thailandica,Berkleasmium ariense,Calophoma petasitis,Camarosporium laburnicola,C.moricola,C.grisea,C.ossea,C.paraincrustata,Colletotrichum sambucicola,Coprinopsis cerkezii,Cytospora gelida,Dacrymyces chiangraiensis,Didysimulans italica,D.mezzanensis,Entodesmium italica,Entoloma magnum,Evlachovaea indica,Exophiala italica,Favolus gracilisporus,Femsjonia monospora,Fomitopsis flabellata,F.roseoalba,Gongronella brasiliensis,Helvella crispoides,Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis,H.chromolaenae,Hysterium centramurum,Inflatispora caryotae,Inocybe brunneosquamulosa,I.luteobrunnea,I.rubrobrunnea,Keissleriella cirsii,Lepiota cylindrocystidia,L.flavocarpa,L.maerimensis,Lophiotrema guttulata,Marasmius luculentus,Morenoina calamicola,Moelleriella thanathonensis,Mucor stercorarius,Myrmecridium fluviae,Myrothecium septentrionale,Neosetophoma garethjonesii,Nigrograna cangshanensis,Nodulosphaeria guttulatum,N.multiseptata,N.sambuci,Panus subfasciatus,Paraleptosphaeria padi,Paraphaeosphaeria viciae,Parathyridaria robiniae,Penicillium punicae,Phaeosphaeria calamicola,Phaeosphaeriopsis yuccae,Pleurophoma italica,Polyporus brevibasidiosus,P.koreanus,P.orientivarius,P.parvovarius,P.subdictyopus,P.ulleungus,Pseudoasteromassaria spadicea,Rosellinia mearnsii,Rubroboletus demonensis,Russula yanheensis,Sigarispora muriformis,Sillia italica,Stagonosporopsis ailanthicola,Strobilomyces longistipitatus,Subplenodomus galicola and Wolfiporia pseudococos.The new combinations are Melanomma populina and Rubroboletus eastwoodiae.The reference specimens are Cookeina tricholoma,Gnomoniopsis sanguisorbae,Helvella costifera,Polythrincium trifolii and Russula virescens.The new host records and country records are Ascochyta medicaginicola,Boletellus emodensis,Cyptotrama asprata,Cytospora ceratosperma,Favolaschia auriscalpium,F.manipularis,Hysterobrevium mori,Lentinus sajor-caju,L.squarrosulus,L.velutinus,Leucocoprinus cretaceus,Lophiotrema vagabundum,Nothophoma quercina,Platystomum rosae,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Tremella fuciformis,Truncatella spartii and Vaginatispora appendiculata and three sexual and asexual morphs are Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Dothiorabuxi and Hypocrella calendulina.
